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+// bootstrap.cxx -- bootstrap routines: main()
+//
+// Written by Curtis Olson, started May 1997.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002  Curtis L. Olson  - http://www.flightgear.org/~curt
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+// License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+// General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+//
+// $Id$
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WINDOWS_H
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+// set link for setting _GNU_SOURCE before including fenv.h
+// http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/fenv.3.html
+
+  #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+    #define _GNU_SOURCE
+  #endif
+
+  #include <fenv.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#  include <unistd.h> // for gethostname()
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <csignal>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <clocale>
+
+#include <simgear/compiler.h>
+#include <simgear/structure/exception.hxx>
+#include <simgear/scene/tgdb/GroundLightManager.hxx>
+
+#include <osg/BufferObject>
+#include <osg/Texture>
+#include <osg/Version>
+#include <osgText/Font>
+
+#include "main.hxx"
+#include <GUI/MessageBox.hxx>
+#include <Main/fg_init.hxx>
+#include <Main/fg_props.hxx>
+#include <Main/globals.hxx>
+#include <Main/options.hxx>
+#include <Main/sentryIntegration.hxx>
+#include <Navaids/NavDataCache.hxx>
+#include <Viewer/fgviewer.hxx>
+#include <flightgearBuildId.h>
+
+#include "fg_os.hxx"
+
+#if defined(HAVE_QT)
+#include <GUI/QtLauncher.hxx>
+#endif
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+std::string homedir;
+std::string hostname;
+
+// forward declaration.
+void fgExitCleanup();
+
+static void initFPE(bool enableExceptions);
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+
+static void handleFPE(int);
+static void
+initFPE (bool fpeAbort)
+{
+    if (fpeAbort) {
+        int except = fegetexcept();
+        feenableexcept(except | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_INVALID);
+    } else {
+        signal(SIGFPE, handleFPE);
+    }
+}
+
+static void handleFPE(int)
+{
+    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
+    SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, "Floating point interrupt (SIGFPE)");
+    signal(SIGFPE, handleFPE);
+}
+#elif defined (SG_WINDOWS)
+
+static void initFPE(bool fpeAbort)
+{
+// Enable floating-point exceptions for Windows
+    if (fpeAbort) {
+        // set following link for what this does (note it does set SSE
+        // flags too, it's not just for the x87 FPU)
+        // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e9b52ceh.aspx
+        _control87( _EM_INEXACT, _MCW_EM );
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+static void initFPE(bool)
+{
+    // Ignore floating-point exceptions on FreeBSD, OS-X, other Unices
+    signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SG_WINDOWS)
+int main ( int argc, char **argv );
+int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
+                             LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) 
+{
+	// convert wchar_t args to UTF-8 which is what we expect cross-platform
+    int     numArgs  = 0;
+	LPWSTR* wideArgs = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &numArgs);
+
+	std::vector<char*> utf8Args;
+    utf8Args.resize(numArgs);
+
+	for (int a = 0; a < numArgs; ++a) {
+		const auto s = simgear::strutils::convertWStringToUtf8(wideArgs[a]);
+		// note we leak these (strudp calls malloc) but not a big concern
+        utf8Args[a] = strdup(s.c_str());
+	}
+
+	main(numArgs, utf8Args.data());
+}
+
+// see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35572792/setlocale-stuck-on-windows
+// for why we need this
+bool checkUniversalCRTVersion()
+{
+	DWORD               dwSize = 0;
+	VS_FIXEDFILEINFO    *pFileInfo = NULL;
+	UINT                puLenFileInfo = 0;
+
+	// Get the version information for the file requested
+	dwSize = GetFileVersionInfoSize("ucrtbase.dll", NULL);
+	if (dwSize == 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	std::vector<BYTE> versionInfo;
+	versionInfo.resize(dwSize);
+
+	if (!GetFileVersionInfo("ucrtbase.dll", 0, dwSize, versionInfo.data())) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!VerQueryValue(versionInfo.data(), TEXT("\\"), (LPVOID*)&pFileInfo, &puLenFileInfo)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const WORD majorVersion = pFileInfo->dwFileVersionMS >> 16;
+	const WORD minorVersion = pFileInfo->dwFileVersionMS & 0xffff;
+	const WORD buildVersion = pFileInfo->dwFileVersionLS >> 16;
+	const WORD releaseVersion = pFileInfo->dwFileVersionLS & 0xffff;
+
+	// char buffer[256];
+	// snprintf(buffer, 256, "File Version: %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+	// 	majorVersion, minorVersion, buildVersion, releaseVersion);
+	// OutputDebugString(buffer);
+	return (buildVersion > 10586);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#include <execinfo.h>
+#include <cxxabi.h>
+void segfault_handler(int signo) {
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "Error: caught signal %d:\n", signo);
+
+  #ifndef __OpenBSD__
+  void *array[128];
+  size_t size;
+  size = backtrace(array, 128);
+  if (size) {
+    char** list = backtrace_symbols(array, size);
+    size_t fnlen = 256;
+    char* fname = (char*)malloc(fnlen);
+
+    for (size_t i=1; i<size; i++) {
+	char *begin = 0, *offset = 0, *end = 0;
+	for (char *p = list[i]; *p; ++p) {
+	    if (*p == '(') begin = p;
+	    else if (*p == '+') offset = p;
+	    else if (*p == ')' && offset) {
+		end = p;
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (begin && offset && end && begin<offset) {
+	    *begin++ = '\0'; *offset++ = '\0'; *end = '\0';
+
+	    int status;
+	    char* ret = abi::__cxa_demangle(begin, fname, &fnlen, &status);
+	    if (status == 0) {
+		fname = ret;
+		fprintf(stderr, "  %s : %s+%s\n", list[i], fname, offset);
+	    }
+	    else
+		fprintf(stderr, "  %s : %s()+%s\n", list[i], begin, offset);
+	}
+	else
+	    fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", list[i]);
+    }
+
+    free(fname);
+    free(list);
+  }
+  #endif
+
+  std::abort();
+}
+#endif
+
+[[noreturn]] static void fg_terminate()
+{
+    cerr << "Running FlightGear's terminate handler. The program is going to "
+      "exit due to a fatal error condition, sorry." << std::endl;
+    std::abort();
+}
+
+// Detect SSE2 support for x86, it is always available for x86_64
+#if defined(__i386__)
+# if defined(SG_WINDOWS)
+#  include <intrin.h>
+#  define get_cpuid(a,b)	__cpuid(a,b)
+# else
+#  include <cpuid.h>
+#  define get_cpuid(a,b)	__cpuid(b,a[0],a[1],a[2],a[3])
+# endif
+# define CPUID_GETFEATURES	1
+# define CPUID_FEAT_EDX_SSE2	(1 << 26)
+bool detectSIMD()
+{
+   static int regs[4] = {0,0,0,0};
+   get_cpuid(regs, CPUID_GETFEATURES);
+   return (regs[3] & CPUID_FEAT_EDX_SSE2);
+}
+#else
+bool detectSIMD() { return true; }
+#endif
+
+int _bootstrap_OSInit;
+
+// Main entry point; catch any exceptions that have made it this far.
+int main ( int argc, char **argv )
+{
+    // we don't want to accidently show a GUI box and block startup in
+    // non_GUI setups, so check this value early here, before options are
+    // processed
+    const bool headless = flightgear::Options::checkForArg(argc, argv, "disable-gui");
+    flightgear::setHeadlessMode(headless);
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_SIMD
+  if (!detectSIMD()) {
+    flightgear::fatalMessageBoxThenExit(
+      "Fatal error",
+      "SSE2 support not detected, but this version of FlightGear requires "
+      "SSE2 hardware support.");
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SG_WINDOWS)
+  // Don't show blocking "no disk in drive" error messages on Windows 7,
+  // silently return errors to application instead.
+  // See Microsoft MSDN #ms680621: "GUI apps should specify SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX"
+  SetErrorMode(SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
+
+  hostname = ::getenv( "COMPUTERNAME" );
+
+  if (!checkUniversalCRTVersion()) {
+	  flightgear::fatalMessageBoxThenExit(
+		  "Fatal error",
+		  "The Microsoft Universal CRT on this computer is too old to run FlightGear. "
+		"Please use Windows Update to install a more recent Universal CRT version.");
+  }
+#else
+  // Unix(alike) systems
+  char _hostname[256];
+  gethostname(_hostname, 256);
+  hostname = _hostname;
+  signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+
+  _bootstrap_OSInit = 0;
+    
+#if defined(HAVE_SENTRY)
+  const bool noSentry = flightgear::Options::checkForArg(argc, argv, "disable-sentry");
+  if (!noSentry) {
+      flightgear::initSentry();
+  }
+  #endif
+
+// if we're not using the normal crash-reported, install our
+// custom segfault handler on Linux, in debug builds.
+// NB On OpenBSD this seems to lose info about where the signal
+// happened, so is disabled.
+#if !defined(SG_WINDOWS) && !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(__OpenBSD__)
+    if (!flightgear::isSentryEnabled()) {
+        signal(SIGSEGV, segfault_handler);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    initFPE(flightgear::Options::checkForArg(argc, argv, "enable-fpe"));
+
+    // pick up all user locale settings, but force C locale for numerical/sorting
+    // conversions because we have lots of code which assumes standard
+    // formatting
+    setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+    setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
+    setlocale(LC_COLLATE, "C");
+
+    if (flightgear::Options::checkForArg(argc, argv, "uninstall")) {
+        return fgUninstall();
+    }
+    
+    bool fgviewer = flightgear::Options::checkForArg(argc, argv, "fgviewer");
+    int exitStatus = EXIT_FAILURE;
+    try {
+        // http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/issues/detail?id=1231
+        // ensure sglog is inited before atexit() is registered, so logging
+        // is possible inside fgExitCleanup
+        sglog();
+
+
+#if OSG_VERSION_LESS_THAN(3, 5, 0)
+        // similar to above, ensure some static maps inside OSG exist before
+        // we register our at-exit handler, otherwise the statics are gone
+        // when fg_terminate runs, which causes crashes.
+        osg::Texture::getTextureObjectManager(0);
+        osg::GLBufferObjectManager::getGLBufferObjectManager(0);
+
+        // ensure this is called early (and hence deleted) late,
+        // otherwise fgExitCleanup crahses: see
+        // Sentry FLIGHTEAR-M68
+        osgText::Font::getDefaultFont();
+#endif
+        std::set_terminate(fg_terminate);
+        atexit(fgExitCleanup);
+        
+        if (fgviewer) {
+            exitStatus = fgviewerMain(argc, argv);
+        } else {
+            exitStatus = fgMainInit(argc, argv);
+        }
+
+    } catch (const sg_throwable &t) {
+        std::string info;
+        if (std::strlen(t.getOrigin()) != 0)
+            info = std::string("received from ") + t.getOrigin();
+        flightgear::fatalMessageBoxWithoutExit(
+          "Fatal exception", t.getFormattedMessage(), info);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc&) {
+        flightgear::fatalMessageBoxWithoutExit("Out of memory",
+        "FlightGear ran out of memory and must exit.", "Consider adjusting your settings or closing other applications.");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e ) {
+        flightgear::fatalMessageBoxWithoutExit("Fatal exception", e.what());
+    } catch (const std::string &s) {
+        flightgear::fatalMessageBoxWithoutExit("Fatal exception", s);
+    } catch (const flightgear::FatalErrorException&) {
+        // we already showed the message box, just carry on to exit
+    } catch (const char *s) {
+        std::cerr << "Fatal error (const char*): " << s << std::endl;
+    } catch (...) {
+        flightgear::sentryReportException("Unknown main loop exception");
+        std::cerr << "Unknown exception in the main loop. Aborting..." << std::endl;
+        if (errno)
+            perror("Possible cause");
+    }
+
+#if defined(HAVE_QT)
+    flightgear::shutdownQtApp();
+#endif
+    return exitStatus;
+}
+
+// do some clean up on exit.  Specifically we want to delete the sound-manager,
+// so OpenAL device and context are released cleanly
+void fgExitCleanup() {
+
+    if (_bootstrap_OSInit != 0) {
+        fgSetMouseCursor(MOUSE_CURSOR_POINTER);
+        fgOSCloseWindow();
+    }
+
+    flightgear::NavDataCache::shutdown();
+
+    // you might imagine we'd call shutdownQtApp here, but it's not safe to do
+    // so in an atexit handler, and crashes on Mac. Thiago states this explicitly:
+    // https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-48709
+
+    // on the common exit path globals is already deleted, and NULL,
+    // so this only happens on error paths.
+    delete globals;
+    // avoid crash on exit (https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/codetickets/1935/)
+    simgear::GroundLightManager::instance()->getRunwayLightStateSet()->clear();
+    simgear::GroundLightManager::instance()->getTaxiLightStateSet()->clear();
+    simgear::GroundLightManager::instance()->getGroundLightStateSet()->clear();
+
+    simgear::shutdownLogging();
+    flightgear::shutdownSentry();
+}