remove cache for windows

FLARM decoder

.coveragerc

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[run]
+branch = True
+include = */pyModeS/*
+omit = *tests*
+
+[report]
+exclude_lines =
+    coverage: ignore
+    raise NotImplementedError
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+
+ignore_errors = True

.flake8

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[flake8]
+max-line-length = 80
+extend-ignore = E203, E302

.github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# This workflows will upload a Python Package using Twine when a release is created
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/en/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions#publishing-to-package-registries
+
+name: PyPI Publish
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [created]
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install setuptools wheel twine
+      - name: Build and publish
+        env:
+          TWINE_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.PYPI_USERNAME }}
+          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PASSWORD }}
+        run: |
+          python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+          twine upload dist/*

.github/workflows/run-tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+name: tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request_target:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  POETRY_VERSION: "1.3.1"
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
+
+    env:
+      PYTHON_VERSION: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+      # Poetry cache depends on OS, Python version and Poetry version.
+      - name: Cache Poetry cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pypoetry
+          key: poetry-cache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}-${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+
+      # virtualenv cache should depends on OS, Python version and `poetry.lock` (and optionally workflow files).
+      - name: Cache Packages
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        if: matrix.os != 'windows-latest'
+        with:
+          path: ~/.local
+          key: poetry-${{ runner.os }}-${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}-${{ hashFiles('**/poetry.lock') }}
+
+      - name: Add poetry to windows path
+        if: "startsWith(runner.os, 'windows')"
+        run: |
+          echo "C:\Users\runneradmin\.local\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+
+      - name: Install and configure Poetry
+        uses: snok/install-poetry@v1.3.3
+        with:
+          version: ${{ env.POETRY_VERSION }}
+          virtualenvs-create: true
+          virtualenvs-in-project: true
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          poetry install
+
+      - name: Type checking
+        if: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION != '3.7' }}
+        run: |
+          poetry run mypy pyModeS
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          poetry run pytest tests --cov --cov-report term-missing
+
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request_target' && env.PYTHON_VERSION == '3.10' }}
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+        with:
+          env_vars: PYTHON_VERSION

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ __pycache__/
 *.py[cod]
 .pytest_cache/
 
+# Cython
+pyModeS/decoder/flarm/decode.c
+pyModeS/extra/demod2400/core.c
+pyModeS/c_common.c
+
 # C extensions
 *.so
 
@@ -64,3 +69,4 @@ target/
 .venv
 env/
 venv/
+

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+install:
+	pip install . --upgrade
+
+uninstall:
+	pip uninstall pyModeS -y
+
+ext:
+	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+
+test:
+	make clean
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "[Test with py_common]"
+	python -m pytest tests
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "[Test with c_common]"
+	python setup.py build_ext --inplace
+	python -m pytest tests
+
+clean:
+	find pyModeS -type f -name '*.c' -delete
+	find pyModeS -type f -name '*.so' -delete
+	find . | grep -E "(__pycache__|\.pyc|\.pyo$$)" | xargs rm -rf
+	rm -rf *.egg-info
+	rm -rf .pytest_cache
+	rm -rf build/*

README.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,42 @@
 The Python ADS-B/Mode-S Decoder
 ===============================
 
+PyModeS is a Python library designed to decode Mode-S (including ADS-B) messages. It can be imported to your python project or used as a standalone tool to view and save live traffic data.
+
+This is a project created by Junzi Sun, who works at `TU Delft <https://www.tudelft.nl/en/>`_, `Aerospace Engineering Faculty <https://www.tudelft.nl/en/ae/>`_, `CNS/ATM research group <http://cs.lr.tudelft.nl/atm/>`_. It is supported by many `contributors <https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS/graphs/contributors>`_ from different institutions.
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+pyModeS supports the decoding of following types of messages:
+
+- DF4 / DF20: Altitude code
+- DF5 / DF21: Identity code (squawk code)
+
+- DF17 / DF18: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
+
+  - TC=1-4  / BDS 0,8: Aircraft identification and category
+  - TC=5-8  / BDS 0,6: Surface position
+  - TC=9-18 / BDS 0,5: Airborne position
+  - TC=19   / BDS 0,9: Airborne velocity
+  - TC=28   / BDS 6,1: Airborne status [to be implemented]
+  - TC=29   / BDS 6,2: Target state and status information [to be implemented]
+  - TC=31   / BDS 6,5: Aircraft operational status [to be implemented]
+
+- DF20 / DF21: Mode-S Comm-B messages
+
+  - BDS 1,0: Data link capability report
+  - BDS 1,7: Common usage GICB capability report
+  - BDS 2,0: Aircraft identification
+  - BDS 3,0: ACAS active resolution advisory
+  - BDS 4,0: Selected vertical intention
+  - BDS 4,4: Meteorological routine air report (experimental)
+  - BDS 4,5: Meteorological hazard report (experimental)
+  - BDS 5,0: Track and turn report
+  - BDS 6,0: Heading and speed report
+
+
+
 If you find this project useful for your research, please considering cite this tool as::
 
   @article{sun2019pymodes,
@@ -14,40 +50,6 @@ If you find this project useful for your research, please considering cite this
 
 
 
-Introduction
----------------------
-PyModeS is a Python library designed to decode Mode-S (including ADS-B) message. It can be imported to your python project or be used as a standalone tool to view and save live traffic data.
-
-Messages with following Downlink Formats (DF) are supported:
-
-**DF17 / DF18: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)**
-
-- TC=1-4  / BDS 0,8: Aircraft identification and category
-- TC=5-8  / BDS 0,6: Surface position
-- TC=9-18 / BDS 0,5: Airborne position
-- TC=19   / BDS 0,9: Airborne velocity
-- TC=28   / BDS 6,1: Airborne status [to be implemented]
-- TC=29   / BDS 6,2: Target state and status information [to be implemented]
-- TC=31   / BDS 6,5: Aircraft operational status [to be implemented]
-
-
-**DF20 / DF21: Mode-S Comm-B replies**
-
-- BDS 1,0: Data link capability report
-- BDS 1,7: Common usage GICB capability report
-- BDS 2,0: Aircraft identification
-- BDS 3,0: ACAS active resolution advisory
-- BDS 4,0: Selected vertical intention
-- BDS 4,4: Meteorological routine air report (experimental)
-- BDS 4,5: Meteorological hazard report (experimental)
-- BDS 5,0: Track and turn report
-- BDS 6,0: Heading and speed report
-
-
-**DF4 / DF20: Altitude code**
-
-**DF5 / DF21: Identity code (squawk code)**
-
 
 Resources
 -----------
@@ -55,32 +57,50 @@ Check out and contribute to this open-source project at:
 https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS
 
 Detailed manual on Mode-S decoding is published at:
-https://mode-s.org/decode.
+https://mode-s.org/decode
 
 The API documentation of pyModeS is at:
-http://pymodes.readthedocs.io
+https://mode-s.org/api
 
 
 
-Install
+Basic installation
--------
+-------------------
-
-The pyModeS can be installed with extra option ``[all]`` in order to install dependencies ``pyzmq`` and ``pyrtlsdr`` automatically.
 
 Installation examples::
 
-  # stable version, basic
+  # stable version
   pip install pyModeS
 
-  # stable version, including dependencies for streamer and rtlsdr
+  # conda (compiled) version
-  pip install pyModeS[all]
+  conda install -c conda-forge pymodes
 
-  # development version, basic
+  # development version
   pip install git+https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS
 
-  # development version, including dependencies for streamer and rtlsdr
-  pip install git+https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS#egg=pyModeS[all]
 
+Dependencies ``numpy``, and ``pyzmq`` are installed automatically during previous installations processes. 
+
+If you need to connect pyModeS to a RTL-SDR receiver, ``pyrtlsdr`` need to be installed manually::
+
+  pip install pyrtlsdr
+
+
+Advanced installation (using c modules)
+------------------------------------------
+
+If you want to make use of the (faster) c module, install ``pyModeS`` as follows::
+
+  # conda (compiled) version
+  conda install -c conda-forge pymodes
+
+  # stable version
+  pip install pyModeS
+
+  # development version
+  git clone https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS
+  cd pyModeS
+  poetry install -E rtlsdr
 
 
 View live traffic (modeslive)
@@ -106,7 +126,7 @@ General usage::
 Live with RTL-SDR
 *******************
 
-If you have an RTL-SDR receiver plugged to the computer, you can connect it with ``rtlsdr`` source switch, shown as follows::
+If you have an RTL-SDR receiver connected to your computer, you can use the ``rtlsdr`` source switch (require ``pyrtlsdr`` package), with command::
 
   $ modeslive --source rtlsdr
 
@@ -147,7 +167,7 @@ Common functions
   pms.hex2bin(str)      # Convert hexadecimal string to binary string
   pms.bin2int(str)      # Convert binary string to integer
   pms.hex2int(str)      # Convert hexadecimal string to integer
-  pms.gray2int(str)     # Convert grey code to interger
+  pms.gray2int(str)     # Convert grey code to integer
 
 
 Core functions for ADS-B decoding
@@ -161,7 +181,7 @@ Core functions for ADS-B decoding
   # Typecode 1-4
   pms.adsb.callsign(msg)
 
-  # Typecode 5-8 (surface), 9-18 (airborne, barometric height), and 9-18 (airborne, GNSS height)
+  # Typecode 5-8 (surface), 9-18 (airborne, barometric height), and 20-22 (airborne, GNSS height)
   pms.adsb.position(msg_even, msg_odd, t_even, t_odd, lat_ref=None, lon_ref=None)
   pms.adsb.airborne_position(msg_even, msg_odd, t_even, t_odd)
   pms.adsb.surface_position(msg_even, msg_odd, t_even, t_odd, lat_ref, lon_ref)
@@ -255,8 +275,20 @@ Mode-S Enhanced Surveillance (EHS)
   pms.commb.vr60ins(msg)    # Inertial vertical speed (ft/min)
 
 
-Meteorological routine air report (MRAR) [Experimental]
+Meteorological reports [Experimental]
-********************************************************
+**************************************
+
+To identify BDS 4,4 and 4,5 codes, you must set ``mrar`` argument to ``True`` in the ``infer()`` function:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+  pms.bds.infer(msg. mrar=True) 
+
+Once the correct MRAR and MHR messages are identified, decode them as follows:
+
+
+Meteorological routine air report (MRAR)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -267,8 +299,8 @@ Meteorological routine air report (MRAR) [Experimental]
   pms.commb.hum44(msg)      # Humidity (%)
 
 
-Meteorological hazard air report (MHR) [Experimental]
+Meteorological hazard air report (MHR)
-*******************************************************
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
 .. code:: python
 
@@ -327,8 +359,19 @@ Here is an example:
 
 Unit test
 ---------
-To perform unit tests. First, install ``tox`` through pip. Then, run the following commands:
+To perform unit tests, ``pytest`` must be install first.
 
-.. code:: bash
+Build Cython extensions
+::
 
-  $ tox
+  $ make ext
+
+Run unit tests
+::
+
+  $ make test
+
+Clean build files
+::
+
+  $ make clean

build.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+from distutils.core import Distribution, Extension
+from distutils.command import build_ext
+
+from Cython.Build import cythonize
+
+
+def build() -> None:
+    compile_args = []
+
+    if sys.platform == "linux":
+        compile_args += [
+            "-march=native",
+            "-O3",
+            "-msse",
+            "-msse2",
+            "-mfma",
+            "-mfpmath=sse",
+            "-Wno-pointer-sign",
+            "-Wno-unused-variable",
+        ]
+
+    extensions = [
+        Extension(
+            "pyModeS.c_common",
+            ["pyModeS/c_common.pyx"],
+            extra_compile_args=compile_args,
+        ),
+        Extension(
+            "pyModeS.decoder.flarm.decode",
+            [
+                "pyModeS/decoder/flarm/decode.pyx",
+                "pyModeS/decoder/flarm/core.c",
+            ],
+            extra_compile_args=compile_args,
+            include_dirs=["pyModeS/decoder/flarm"],
+        ),
+        Extension(
+            "pyModeS.extra.demod2400.core",
+            [
+                "pyModeS/extra/demod2400/core.pyx",
+                "pyModeS/extra/demod2400/demod2400.c",
+            ],
+            extra_compile_args=compile_args,
+            include_dirs=["pyModeS/extra/demod2400"],
+            libraries=["m"],
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    ext_modules = cythonize(
+        extensions,
+        compiler_directives={"binding": True, "language_level": 3},
+    )
+
+    distribution = Distribution(
+        {"name": "extended", "ext_modules": ext_modules}
+    )
+    distribution.package_dir = "extended"  # type: ignore
+
+    cmd = build_ext.build_ext(distribution)
+    cmd.verbose = True  # type: ignore
+    cmd.ensure_finalized()  # type: ignore
+    cmd.run()
+
+    # Copy built extensions back to the project
+    for output in cmd.get_outputs():
+        relative_extension = os.path.relpath(output, cmd.build_lib)
+        shutil.copyfile(output, relative_extension)
+        mode = os.stat(relative_extension).st_mode
+        mode |= (mode & 0o444) >> 2
+        os.chmod(relative_extension, mode)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    build()

doc/Makefile

@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ help:
 # "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
 %: Makefile
 	rm -f source/pyModeS*.rst source/modules.rst
-	sphinx-apidoc -f -e -M -o source/ ../pyModeS
+	sphinx-apidoc -f -e -M -o source/ ../pyModeS  ../pyModeS/decoder/ehs.py ../pyModeS/decoder/els.py  ../pyModeS/streamer ../pyModeS/extra
 	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)

doc/source/_templates/layout.html

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{% extends "!layout.html" %}
+
+{% block footer %}
+{{ super() }}
+
+<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
+<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-74700456-1"></script>
+<script>
+  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
+  function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
+  gtag('js', new Date());
+
+  gtag('config', 'UA-74700456-1');
+</script>
+
+
+{% endblock %}

doc/source/conf.py

@@ -14,19 +14,20 @@
 #
 import os
 import sys
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../..'))
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../.."))
 
 
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 
-project = 'pyModeS'
+project = "pyModeS"
-copyright = '2019, Junzi Sun'
+copyright = "2019, Junzi Sun"
-author = 'Junzi Sun'
+author = "Junzi Sun"
 
 # The short X.Y version
-version = ''
+version = ""
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
-release = ''
+release = ""
 
 
 # -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -39,26 +40,24 @@ release = ''
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
+    "sphinx.ext.mathjax",
-    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
-    'sphinx.ext.mathjax',
+    "sphinx.ext.githubpages",
-    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
+    "sphinx.ext.napoleon",
-    'sphinx.ext.githubpages',
-    'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
 ]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-# templates_path = ['']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix(es) of source filenames.
 # You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
 #
 # source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
@@ -82,6 +81,10 @@ pygments_style = None
 # a list of builtin themes.
 #
 # html_theme = 'alabaster'
+html_theme = "neo_rtd_theme"
+import sphinx_theme
+
+html_theme_path = [sphinx_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ pygments_style = None
 # -- Options for HTMLHelp output ---------------------------------------------
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'pyModeSdoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "pyModeSdoc"
 
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ------------------------------------------------
@@ -117,15 +120,12 @@ latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
     #
     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
     #
     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
     #
     # 'preamble': '',
-
     # Latex figure (float) alignment
     #
     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
@@ -135,8 +135,7 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'pyModeS.tex', 'pyModeS Documentation',
+    (master_doc, "pyModeS.tex", "pyModeS Documentation", "Junzi Sun", "manual")
-     'Junzi Sun', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 
@@ -144,10 +143,7 @@ latex_documents = [
 
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [
+man_pages = [(master_doc, "pymodes", "pyModeS Documentation", [author], 1)]
-    (master_doc, 'pymodes', 'pyModeS Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
-]
 
 
 # -- Options for Texinfo output ----------------------------------------------
@@ -156,9 +152,15 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'pyModeS', 'pyModeS Documentation',
+    (
-     author, 'pyModeS', 'One line description of project.',
+        master_doc,
-     'Miscellaneous'),
+        "pyModeS",
+        "pyModeS Documentation",
+        author,
+        "pyModeS",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    )
 ]
 
 
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ epub_title = project
 # epub_uid = ''
 
 # A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
-epub_exclude_files = ['search.html']
+epub_exclude_files = ["search.html"]
 
 
 # -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------

doc/source/index.rst

@@ -9,11 +9,49 @@ Welcome to pyModeS documentation!
 The source code can be found at: https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS
 
 .. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 3
+  :caption: Core modules
+  :maxdepth: 2
+
+  pyModeS.decoder.adsb
+  pyModeS.decoder.commb
+
+
+.. toctree::
+  :caption: ADS-B messages
+  :maxdepth: 2
+
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds08
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds09
+
+
+.. toctree::
+  :caption: ELS - elementary surveillance
+  :maxdepth: 2
+
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30
+
+
+.. toctree::
+  :caption: EHS - enhanced surveillance
+  :maxdepth: 2
+
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60
+
+
+.. toctree::
+  :caption: MRAR / MHR
+  :maxdepth: 2
+
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44
+  pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45
 
-   pyModeS.decoder
-   pyModeS.streamer
-   pyModeS.extra
 
 
 ----

doc/source/make.bat

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-@ECHO OFF
-
-pushd %~dp0
-
-REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
-
-if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
-	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
-)
-set SOURCEDIR=.
-set BUILDDIR=_build
-
-if "%1" == "" goto help
-
-%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
-if errorlevel 9009 (
-	echo.
-	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
-	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
-	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
-	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
-	echo.
-	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
-	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
-	exit /b 1
-)
-
-%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS%
-goto end
-
-:help
-%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS%
-
-:end
-popd

doc/source/pyModeS.c_common.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pyModeS.c\_common module
+========================
+
+.. automodule:: pyModeS.c_common
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.common.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pyModeS.common module
+=====================
+
+.. automodule:: pyModeS.common
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.acas.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.acas module
 ===========================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.acas
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.adsb.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.adsb module
 ===========================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.adsb
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.allcall.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.allcall module
 ==============================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.allcall
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds08.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds08 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds08
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds09.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds09 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds09
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds53.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds53 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds53
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60 module
 ================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.bds.rst

@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ pyModeS.decoder.bds package
 ===========================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.bds
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:
 
 Submodules
 ----------
 
 .. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 4
 
    pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05
    pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06
@@ -25,4 +26,3 @@ Submodules
    pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50
    pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds53
    pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60
-

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.commb.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.commb module
 ============================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.commb
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.common.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.decoder.common module
-=============================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.common
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.ehs.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.decoder.ehs module
-==========================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.ehs
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.els.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.decoder.els module
-==========================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.els
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.rst

@@ -2,29 +2,28 @@ pyModeS.decoder package
 =======================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:
 
 Subpackages
 -----------
 
 .. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 4
 
-    pyModeS.decoder.bds
+   pyModeS.decoder.bds
 
 Submodules
 ----------
 
 .. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 4
 
    pyModeS.decoder.acas
    pyModeS.decoder.adsb
    pyModeS.decoder.allcall
    pyModeS.decoder.commb
-   pyModeS.decoder.common
-   pyModeS.decoder.ehs
-   pyModeS.decoder.els
    pyModeS.decoder.surv
    pyModeS.decoder.uncertainty
-
+   pyModeS.decoder.uplink

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.surv.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.surv module
 ===========================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.surv
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.uncertainty.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ pyModeS.decoder.uncertainty module
 ==================================
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.uncertainty
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.decoder.uplink.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pyModeS.decoder.uplink module
+=============================
+
+.. automodule:: pyModeS.decoder.uplink
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+   :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.extra.aero.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.extra.aero module
-=========================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.extra.aero
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.extra.rst

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.extra package
-=====================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.extra
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
-
-Submodules
-----------
-
-.. toctree::
-
-   pyModeS.extra.aero
-   pyModeS.extra.tcpclient
-

doc/source/pyModeS.extra.tcpclient.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.extra.tcpclient module
-==============================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.extra.tcpclient
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.rst

@@ -2,16 +2,23 @@ pyModeS package
 ===============
 
 .. automodule:: pyModeS
-    :members:
+   :members:
-    :undoc-members:
+   :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
+   :show-inheritance:
 
 Subpackages
 -----------
 
 .. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 4
 
-    pyModeS.decoder
+   pyModeS.decoder
-    pyModeS.extra
-    pyModeS.streamer
 
+Submodules
+----------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 4
+
+   pyModeS.c_common
+   pyModeS.common

doc/source/pyModeS.streamer.rst

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.streamer package
-========================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.streamer
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:
-
-Submodules
-----------
-
-.. toctree::
-
-   pyModeS.streamer.screen
-   pyModeS.streamer.stream
-

doc/source/pyModeS.streamer.screen.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.streamer.screen module
-==============================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.streamer.screen
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

doc/source/pyModeS.streamer.stream.rst

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-pyModeS.streamer.stream module
-==============================
-
-.. automodule:: pyModeS.streamer.stream
-    :members:
-    :undoc-members:
-    :show-inheritance:

pyModeS/__init__.py

@@ -1,17 +1,35 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
-
 import os
 import warnings
 
-from .decoder.common import *
+try:
+    from . import c_common as common
+    from .c_common import *
+except Exception:
+    from . import py_common as common  # type: ignore
+    from .py_common import *  # type: ignore
+
 from .decoder import tell
 from .decoder import adsb
 from .decoder import commb
-from .decoder import common
+from .decoder import allcall
+from .decoder import surv
 from .decoder import bds
 from .extra import aero
 from .extra import tcpclient
 
+__all__ = [
+    "common",
+    "tell",
+    "adsb",
+    "commb",
+    "allcall",
+    "surv",
+    "bds",
+    "aero",
+    "tcpclient",
+]
+
+
 warnings.simplefilter("once", DeprecationWarning)
 
 dirpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

pyModeS/c_common.pxd

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# cython: language_level=3
+
+cdef int char_to_int(unsigned char binstr)
+cdef unsigned char int_to_char(unsigned char i)
+
+cpdef str hex2bin(str hexstr)
+cpdef long bin2int(str binstr)
+cpdef long hex2int(str hexstr)
+cpdef str bin2hex(str binstr)
+
+cpdef unsigned char df(str msg)
+cpdef long crc(str msg, bint encode=*)
+
+cpdef long floor(double x)
+cpdef str icao(str msg)
+cpdef bint is_icao_assigned(str icao)
+
+cpdef int typecode(str msg)
+cpdef int cprNL(double lat)
+
+cpdef str idcode(str msg)
+cpdef str squawk(str binstr)
+
+cpdef int altcode(str msg)
+cpdef int altitude(str binstr)
+
+cpdef str data(str msg)
+cpdef bint allzeros(str msg)

pyModeS/c_common.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+def hex2bin(hexstr: str) -> str: ...
+def bin2int(binstr: str) -> int: ...
+def hex2int(hexstr: str) -> int: ...
+def bin2hex(binstr: str) -> str: ...
+def df(msg: str) -> int: ...
+def crc(msg: str, encode: bool = False) -> int: ...
+def floor(x: float) -> float: ...
+def icao(msg: str) -> str: ...
+def is_icao_assigned(icao: str) -> bool: ...
+def typecode(msg: str) -> int: ...
+def cprNL(lat: float) -> int: ...
+def idcode(msg: str) -> str: ...
+def squawk(binstr: str) -> str: ...
+def altcode(msg: str) -> int: ...
+def altitude(binstr: str) -> int: ...
+def data(msg: str) -> str: ...
+def allzeros(msg: str) -> bool: ...
+def wrongstatus(data: str, sb: int, msb: int, lsb: int) -> bool: ...

pyModeS/c_common.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+# cython: language_level=3
+
+cimport cython
+from cpython cimport array
+from cpython.bytes cimport PyBytes_GET_SIZE
+from cpython.bytearray cimport PyByteArray_GET_SIZE
+
+from libc.math cimport abs, cos, acos, fabs, M_PI as pi, floor as c_floor
+
+
+cdef int char_to_int(unsigned char binstr):
+    if 48 <= binstr <= 57:  # 0 to 9
+        return binstr - 48
+    if 97 <= binstr <= 102: # a to f
+        return binstr - 97 + 10
+    if 65 <= binstr <= 70: # A to F
+        return binstr - 65 + 10
+    return 0
+
+cdef unsigned char int_to_char(unsigned char i):
+    if i < 10:
+        return 48 + i  # "0" + i
+    return 97 - 10 + i  # "a" - 10 + i
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.overflowcheck(False)
+cpdef str hex2bin(str hexstr):
+    """Convert a hexadecimal string to binary string, with zero fillings."""
+    # num_of_bits = len(hexstr) * 4
+    cdef hexbytes = bytes(hexstr.encode())
+    cdef Py_ssize_t len_hexstr = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(hexbytes)
+    # binstr = bin(int(hexbytes, 16))[2:].zfill(int(num_of_bits))
+    cdef bytearray _binstr = bytearray(4 * len_hexstr)
+    cdef unsigned char[:] binstr = _binstr
+    cdef unsigned char int_
+    cdef Py_ssize_t i
+    for i in range(len_hexstr):
+        int_ = char_to_int(hexbytes[i])
+        binstr[4*i] = int_to_char((int_  >> 3) & 1)
+        binstr[4*i+1] = int_to_char((int_ >> 2) & 1)
+        binstr[4*i+2] = int_to_char((int_ >> 1) & 1)
+        binstr[4*i+3] = int_to_char((int_) & 1)
+    return _binstr.decode()
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+cpdef long bin2int(str binstr):
+    """Convert a binary string to integer."""
+    # return int(binstr, 2)
+    cdef bytearray binbytes = bytearray(binstr.encode())
+    cdef Py_ssize_t len_ = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(binbytes)
+    cdef long cumul = 0
+    cdef unsigned char[:] v_binstr = binbytes
+    for i in range(len_):
+        cumul = 2*cumul + char_to_int(v_binstr[i])
+    return cumul
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+cpdef long hex2int(str hexstr):
+    """Convert a binary string to integer."""
+    # return int(hexstr, 2)
+    cdef bytearray binbytes = bytearray(hexstr.encode())
+    cdef Py_ssize_t len_ = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(binbytes)
+    cdef long cumul = 0
+    cdef unsigned char[:] v_hexstr = binbytes
+    for i in range(len_):
+        cumul = 16*cumul + char_to_int(v_hexstr[i])
+    return cumul
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+cpdef str bin2hex(str binstr):
+    return "{0:X}".format(int(binstr, 2))
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+cpdef unsigned char df(str msg):
+    """Decode Downlink Format value, bits 1 to 5."""
+    cdef str dfbin = hex2bin(msg[:2])
+    # return min(bin2int(dfbin[0:5]), 24)
+    cdef long df = bin2int(dfbin[0:5])
+    if df > 24:
+        return 24
+    return df
+
+# the CRC generator
+# G = [int("11111111", 2), int("11111010", 2), int("00000100", 2), int("10000000", 2)]
+cdef array.array _G = array.array('l', [0b11111111, 0b11111010, 0b00000100, 0b10000000])
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+cpdef long crc(str msg, bint encode=False):
+    """Mode-S Cyclic Redundancy Check.
+
+    Detect if bit error occurs in the Mode-S message. When encode option is on,
+    the checksum is generated.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        encode (bool): True to encode the date only and return the checksum
+    Returns:
+        int: message checksum, or partity bits (encoder)
+
+    """
+    # the CRC generator
+    # G = [int("11111111", 2), int("11111010", 2), int("00000100", 2), int("10000000", 2)]
+    # cdef array.array _G = array.array('l', [0b11111111, 0b11111010, 0b00000100, 0b10000000])
+    cdef long[4] G = _G
+
+    # msgbin_split = wrap(msgbin, 8)
+    # mbytes = list(map(bin2int, msgbin_split))
+    cdef bytearray _msgbin = bytearray(hex2bin(msg).encode())
+    cdef unsigned char[:] msgbin = _msgbin
+
+    cdef Py_ssize_t len_msgbin = PyByteArray_GET_SIZE(_msgbin)
+    cdef Py_ssize_t len_mbytes = len_msgbin // 8
+    cdef Py_ssize_t i
+
+    if encode:
+        for i in range(len_msgbin - 24, len_msgbin):
+            msgbin[i] = 0
+
+    cdef array.array _mbytes = array.array(
+        'l', [bin2int(_msgbin[8*i:8*i+8].decode()) for i in range(len_mbytes)]
+    )
+
+    cdef long[:] mbytes = _mbytes
+
+    cdef long bits, mask
+    cdef Py_ssize_t ibyte, ibit
+
+    for ibyte in range(len_mbytes - 3):
+        for ibit in range(8):
+            mask = 0x80 >> ibit
+            bits = mbytes[ibyte] & mask
+
+            if bits > 0:
+                mbytes[ibyte] = mbytes[ibyte] ^ (G[0] >> ibit)
+                mbytes[ibyte + 1] = mbytes[ibyte + 1] ^ (
+                    0xFF & ((G[0] << 8 - ibit) | (G[1] >> ibit))
+                )
+                mbytes[ibyte + 2] = mbytes[ibyte + 2] ^ (
+                    0xFF & ((G[1] << 8 - ibit) | (G[2] >> ibit))
+                )
+                mbytes[ibyte + 3] = mbytes[ibyte + 3] ^ (
+                    0xFF & ((G[2] << 8 - ibit) | (G[3] >> ibit))
+                )
+
+    cdef long result = (mbytes[len_mbytes-3] << 16) | (mbytes[len_mbytes-2] << 8) | mbytes[len_mbytes-1]
+
+    return result
+
+
+
+cpdef long floor(double x):
+    """Mode-S floor function.
+
+    Defined as the greatest integer value k, such that k <= x
+    For example: floor(3.6) = 3 and floor(-3.6) = -4
+
+    """
+    return <long> c_floor(x)
+
+cpdef str icao(str msg):
+    """Calculate the ICAO address from an Mode-S message."""
+    cdef unsigned char DF = df(msg)
+    cdef long c0, c1
+
+    if DF in (11, 17, 18):
+        addr = msg[2:8]
+    elif DF in (0, 4, 5, 16, 20, 21):
+        c0 = crc(msg, encode=True)
+        c1 = hex2int(msg[-6:])
+        addr = "%06X" % (c0 ^ c1)
+    else:
+        addr = None
+
+    return addr
+
+
+cpdef bint is_icao_assigned(str icao):
+    """Check whether the ICAO address is assigned (Annex 10, Vol 3)."""
+    if (icao is None) or (not isinstance(icao, str)) or (len(icao) != 6):
+        return False
+
+    cdef long icaoint = hex2int(icao)
+
+    if 0x200000 < icaoint < 0x27FFFF:
+        return False  # AFI
+    if 0x280000 < icaoint < 0x28FFFF:
+        return False  # SAM
+    if 0x500000 < icaoint < 0x5FFFFF:
+        return False  # EUR, NAT
+    if 0x600000 < icaoint < 0x67FFFF:
+        return False  # MID
+    if 0x680000 < icaoint < 0x6F0000:
+        return False  # ASIA
+    if 0x900000 < icaoint < 0x9FFFFF:
+        return False  # NAM, PAC
+    if 0xB00000 < icaoint < 0xBFFFFF:
+        return False  # CAR
+    if 0xD00000 < icaoint < 0xDFFFFF:
+        return False  # future
+    if 0xF00000 < icaoint < 0xFFFFFF:
+        return False  # future
+
+    return True
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+cpdef int typecode(str msg):
+    """Type code of ADS-B message"""
+    if df(msg) not in (17, 18):
+        return -1
+        # return None
+
+    cdef str tcbin = hex2bin(msg[8:10])
+    return bin2int(tcbin[0:5])
+
+@cython.cdivision(True)
+cpdef int cprNL(double lat):
+    """NL() function in CPR decoding."""
+
+    if abs(lat) <= 1e-08:
+        return 59
+    elif abs(abs(lat) - 87) <= 1e-08 + 1e-05 * 87:
+        return 2
+    elif lat > 87 or lat < -87:
+        return 1
+
+    cdef int nz = 15
+    cdef double a = 1 - cos(pi / (2 * nz))
+    cdef double b = cos(pi / 180 * fabs(lat)) ** 2
+    cdef double nl = 2 * pi / (acos(1 - a / b))
+    NL = floor(nl)
+    return NL
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+cpdef str idcode(str msg):
+    """Compute identity (squawk code)."""
+    if df(msg) not in [5, 21]:
+        raise RuntimeError("Message must be Downlink Format 5 or 21.")
+
+    squawk_code = squawk(hex2bin(msg)[19:32])
+    return squawk_code
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+cpdef str squawk(str binstr):
+    """Compute identity (squawk code)."""
+
+    if len(binstr) != 13 or set(binstr) != set('01'):
+        raise RuntimeError("Input must be 13 bits binary string")
+
+    cdef bytearray _mbin = bytearray(binstr.encode())
+    cdef unsigned char[:] mbin = _mbin
+
+    cdef bytearray _idcode = bytearray(4)
+    cdef unsigned char[:] idcode = _idcode
+
+    cdef unsigned char C1 = mbin[0]
+    cdef unsigned char A1 = mbin[1]
+    cdef unsigned char C2 = mbin[2]
+    cdef unsigned char A2 = mbin[3]
+    cdef unsigned char C4 = mbin[4]
+    cdef unsigned char A4 = mbin[5]
+    # X = mbin[6]
+    cdef unsigned char B1 = mbin[7]
+    cdef unsigned char D1 = mbin[8]
+    cdef unsigned char B2 = mbin[9]
+    cdef unsigned char D2 = mbin[10]
+    cdef unsigned char B4 = mbin[11]
+    cdef unsigned char D4 = mbin[12]
+
+    idcode[0] = int_to_char((char_to_int(A4)*2 + char_to_int(A2))*2 + char_to_int(A1))
+    idcode[1] = int_to_char((char_to_int(B4)*2 + char_to_int(B2))*2 + char_to_int(B1))
+    idcode[2] = int_to_char((char_to_int(C4)*2 + char_to_int(C2))*2 + char_to_int(C1))
+    idcode[3] = int_to_char((char_to_int(D4)*2 + char_to_int(D2))*2 + char_to_int(D1))
+
+    return _idcode.decode()
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+cpdef int altcode(str msg):
+    """Compute the altitude."""
+    if df(msg) not in [0, 4, 16, 20]:
+        raise RuntimeError("Message must be Downlink Format 0, 4, 16, or 20.")
+
+    alt = altitude(hex2bin(msg)[19:32])
+    return alt
+
+
+@cython.boundscheck(False)
+@cython.wraparound(False)
+cpdef int altitude(str binstr):
+
+    if len(binstr) != 13 or not set(binstr).issubset(set("01")):
+        raise RuntimeError("Input must be 13 bits binary string")
+
+    cdef bytearray _mbin = bytearray(binstr.encode())
+    cdef unsigned char[:] mbin = _mbin
+
+    cdef char Mbit = binstr[6]
+    cdef char Qbit = binstr[8]
+
+    cdef int alt = 0
+    cdef bytearray vbin
+    cdef bytearray _graybytes = bytearray(11)
+    cdef unsigned char[:] graybytes = _graybytes
+
+    if bin2int(binstr) == 0:
+        # altitude unknown or invalid
+        alt = -9999
+
+    elif Mbit == 48:  # unit in ft, "0" -> 48
+        if Qbit == 49:  # 25ft interval, "1" -> 49
+            vbin = _mbin[:6] + _mbin[7:8] + _mbin[9:]
+            alt = bin2int(vbin.decode()) * 25 - 1000
+        if Qbit == 48:  # 100ft interval, above 50175ft, "0" -> 48
+            graybytes[8] = mbin[0]
+            graybytes[2] = mbin[1]
+            graybytes[9] = mbin[2]
+            graybytes[3] = mbin[3]
+            graybytes[10] = mbin[4]
+            graybytes[4] = mbin[5]
+            # M = mbin[6]
+            graybytes[5] = mbin[7]
+            # Q = mbin[8]
+            graybytes[6] = mbin[9]
+            graybytes[0] = mbin[10]
+            graybytes[7] = mbin[11]
+            graybytes[1] = mbin[12]
+
+            alt = gray2alt(_graybytes.decode())
+
+    elif Mbit == 49:  # unit in meter, "1" -> 49
+        vbin = _mbin[:6] + _mbin[7:]
+        alt = int(bin2int(vbin.decode()) * 3.28084)  # convert to ft
+
+    return alt
+
+
+cpdef int gray2alt(str codestr):
+    cdef str gc500 = codestr[:8]
+    cdef int n500 = gray2int(gc500)
+
+    # in 100-ft step must be converted first
+    cdef str gc100 = codestr[8:]
+    cdef int n100 = gray2int(gc100)
+
+    if n100 in [0, 5, 6]:
+        return -1
+        #return None
+
+    if n100 == 7:
+        n100 = 5
+
+    if n500 % 2:
+        n100 = 6 - n100
+
+    alt = (n500 * 500 + n100 * 100) - 1300
+    return alt
+
+
+cdef int gray2int(str graystr):
+    """Convert greycode to binary."""
+    cdef int num = bin2int(graystr)
+    num ^= num >> 8
+    num ^= num >> 4
+    num ^= num >> 2
+    num ^= num >> 1
+    return num
+
+
+cpdef str data(str msg):
+    """Return the data frame in the message, bytes 9 to 22."""
+    return msg[8:-6]
+
+
+cpdef bint allzeros(str msg):
+    """Check if the data bits are all zeros."""
+    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+
+    if bin2int(d) > 0:
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
+def wrongstatus(data, sb, msb, lsb):
+    """Check if the status bit and field bits are consistency.
+
+    This Function is used for checking BDS code versions.
+
+    """
+    # status bit, most significant bit, least significant bit
+    status = int(data[sb - 1])
+    value = bin2int(data[msb - 1 : lsb])
+
+    if not status:
+        if value != 0:
+            return True
+
+    return False

pyModeS/common.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+def hex2bin(hexstr: str) -> str: ...
+def bin2int(binstr: str) -> int: ...
+def hex2int(hexstr: str) -> int: ...
+def bin2hex(binstr: str) -> str: ...
+def df(msg: str) -> int: ...
+def crc(msg: str, encode: bool = False) -> int: ...
+def floor(x: float) -> float: ...
+def icao(msg: str) -> Optional[str]: ...
+def is_icao_assigned(icao: str) -> bool: ...
+def typecode(msg: str) -> Optional[int]: ...
+def cprNL(lat: float) -> int: ...
+def idcode(msg: str) -> str: ...
+def squawk(binstr: str) -> str: ...
+def altcode(msg: str) -> Optional[int]: ...
+def altitude(binstr: str) -> Optional[int]: ...
+def gray2alt(binstr: str) -> Optional[int]: ...
+def gray2int(binstr: str) -> int: ...
+def data(msg: str) -> str: ...
+def allzeros(msg: str) -> bool: ...
+def wrongstatus(data: str, sb: int, msb: int, lsb: int) -> bool: ...

pyModeS/decoder/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+def tell(msg: str) -> None:
+    from .. import common, adsb, commb, bds
 
-from pyModeS.decoder import adsb, commb, common, bds
-
-
-def tell(msg):
     def _print(label, value, unit=None):
-        print("%20s: " % label, end="")
+        print("%28s: " % label, end="")
         print("%s " % value, end="")
         if unit:
             print(unit)
@@ -20,16 +17,21 @@ def tell(msg):
     _print("Downlink Format", df)
 
     if df == 17:
-        _print("Protocal", "Mode-S Extended Squitter (ADS-B)")
+        _print("Protocol", "Mode-S Extended Squitter (ADS-B)")
 
         tc = common.typecode(msg)
+
+        if tc is None:
+            _print("ERROR", "Unknown typecode")
+            return
+
         if 1 <= tc <= 4:  # callsign
             callsign = adsb.callsign(msg)
-            _print("Type", "Identitification and category")
+            _print("Type", "Identification and category")
             _print("Callsign:", callsign)
 
         if 5 <= tc <= 8:  # surface position
-            _print("Type", "Surface postition")
+            _print("Type", "Surface position")
             oe = adsb.oe_flag(msg)
             msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
             cprlat = common.bin2int(msgbin[54:71]) / 131072.0
@@ -55,12 +57,14 @@ def tell(msg):
 
         if tc == 19:
             _print("Type", "Airborne velocity")
-            spd, trk, vr, t = adsb.velocity(msg)
+            velocity = adsb.velocity(msg)
-            types = {"GS": "Ground speed", "TAS": "True airspeed"}
+            if velocity is not None:
-            _print("Speed", spd, "knots")
+                spd, trk, vr, t = velocity
-            _print("Track", trk, "degrees")
+                types = {"GS": "Ground speed", "TAS": "True airspeed"}
-            _print("Vertical rate", vr, "feet/minute")
+                _print("Speed", spd, "knots")
-            _print("Type", types[t])
+                _print("Track", trk, "degrees")
+                _print("Vertical rate", vr, "feet/minute")
+                _print("Type", types[t])
 
         if 20 <= tc <= 22:  # airborne position
             _print("Type", "Airborne position (with GNSS altitude)")
@@ -74,12 +78,100 @@ def tell(msg):
             _print("CPR Longitude", cprlon)
             _print("Altitude", alt, "feet")
 
+        if tc == 29:  # target state and status
+            _print("Type", "Target State and Status")
+            subtype = common.bin2int((common.hex2bin(msg)[32:])[5:7])
+            _print("Subtype", subtype)
+            tcas_operational = adsb.tcas_operational(msg)
+            types_29 = {0: "Not Engaged", 1: "Engaged"}
+            tcas_operational_types = {0: "Not Operational", 1: "Operational"}
+            if subtype == 0:
+                emergency_types = {
+                    0: "No emergency",
+                    1: "General emergency",
+                    2: "Lifeguard/medical emergency",
+                    3: "Minimum fuel",
+                    4: "No communications",
+                    5: "Unlawful interference",
+                    6: "Downed aircraft",
+                    7: "Reserved",
+                }
+                vertical_horizontal_types = {
+                    1: "Acquiring mode",
+                    2: "Capturing/Maintaining mode",
+                }
+                tcas_ra_types = {0: "Not active", 1: "Active"}
+                alt, alt_source, alt_ref = adsb.target_altitude(msg)
+                angle, angle_type, angle_source = adsb.target_angle(msg)
+                vertical_mode = adsb.vertical_mode(msg)
+                horizontal_mode = adsb.horizontal_mode(msg)
+                tcas_ra = adsb.tcas_ra(msg)
+                emergency_status = adsb.emergency_status(msg)
+                _print("Target altitude", alt, "feet")
+                _print("Altitude source", alt_source)
+                _print("Altitude reference", alt_ref)
+                _print("Angle", angle, "°")
+                _print("Angle Type", angle_type)
+                _print("Angle Source", angle_source)
+                if vertical_mode is not None:
+                    _print(
+                        "Vertical mode",
+                        vertical_horizontal_types[vertical_mode],
+                    )
+                if horizontal_mode is not None:
+                    _print(
+                        "Horizontal mode",
+                        vertical_horizontal_types[horizontal_mode],
+                    )
+                _print(
+                    "TCAS/ACAS",
+                    tcas_operational_types[tcas_operational]
+                    if tcas_operational
+                    else None,
+                )
+                _print("TCAS/ACAS RA", tcas_ra_types[tcas_ra])
+                _print("Emergency status", emergency_types[emergency_status])
+            else:
+                alt, alt_source = adsb.selected_altitude(msg)  # type: ignore
+                baro = adsb.baro_pressure_setting(msg)
+                hdg = adsb.selected_heading(msg)
+                autopilot = adsb.autopilot(msg)
+                vnav = adsb.vnav_mode(msg)
+                alt_hold = adsb.altitude_hold_mode(msg)
+                app = adsb.approach_mode(msg)
+                lnav = adsb.lnav_mode(msg)
+                _print("Selected altitude", alt, "feet")
+                _print("Altitude source", alt_source)
+                _print(
+                    "Barometric pressure setting",
+                    baro,
+                    "" if baro is None else "millibars",
+                )
+                _print("Selected Heading", hdg, "°")
+                if not (common.bin2int((common.hex2bin(msg)[32:])[46]) == 0):
+                    _print(
+                        "Autopilot", types_29[autopilot] if autopilot else None
+                    )
+                    _print("VNAV mode", types_29[vnav] if vnav else None)
+                    _print(
+                        "Altitude hold mode",
+                        types_29[alt_hold] if alt_hold else None,
+                    )
+                    _print("Approach mode", types_29[app] if app else None)
+                    _print(
+                        "TCAS/ACAS",
+                        tcas_operational_types[tcas_operational]
+                        if tcas_operational
+                        else None,
+                    )
+                    _print("LNAV mode", types_29[lnav] if lnav else None)
+
     if df == 20:
-        _print("Protocal", "Mode-S Comm-B altitude reply")
+        _print("Protocol", "Mode-S Comm-B altitude reply")
         _print("Altitude", common.altcode(msg), "feet")
 
     if df == 21:
-        _print("Protocal", "Mode-S Comm-B identity reply")
+        _print("Protocol", "Mode-S Comm-B identity reply")
         _print("Squawk code", common.idcode(msg))
 
     if df == 20 or df == 21:
@@ -97,7 +189,7 @@ def tell(msg):
         }
 
         BDS = bds.infer(msg, mrar=True)
-        if BDS in labels.keys():
+        if BDS is not None and BDS in labels.keys():
             _print("BDS", "%s (%s)" % (BDS, labels[BDS]))
         else:
             _print("BDS", BDS)

pyModeS/decoder/acas.py

@@ -1,23 +1,5 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 """
 Decoding Air-Air Surveillance (ACAS) DF=0/16
 
 [To be implemented]
 """
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
-from pyModeS.decoder import common

pyModeS/decoder/adsb.py

@@ -1,88 +1,150 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2015 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
+"""ADS-B module.
 
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+The ADS-B module also imports functions from the following modules:
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
 
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+- bds05: ``airborne_position()``, ``airborne_position_with_ref()``,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  ``altitude()``
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+- bds06: ``surface_position()``, ``surface_position_with_ref()``,
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
+  ``surface_velocity()``
-
+- bds08: ``category()``, ``callsign()``
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+- bds09: ``airborne_velocity()``, ``altitude_diff()``
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-"""ADS-B Wrapper.
-
-The ADS-B wrapper also imports functions from the following modules:
-
-- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05
-    Functions: ``airborne_position``, ``airborne_position_with_ref``, ``altitude``
-- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06
-    Functions: ``surface_position``, ``surface_position_with_ref``, ``surface_velocity``
-- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds08
-    Functions: ``category``, ``callsign``
-- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds09
-    Functions: ``airborne_velocity``, ``altitude_diff``
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from __future__ import annotations
+from datetime import datetime
 
-import pyModeS as pms
+from .. import common
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+from . import uncertainty
-from pyModeS.decoder import uncertainty
+from .bds.bds05 import airborne_position, airborne_position_with_ref
-
+from .bds.bds05 import altitude as altitude05
-# from pyModeS.decoder.bds import bds05, bds06, bds09
+from .bds.bds06 import (
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds05 import (
-    airborne_position,
-    airborne_position_with_ref,
-    altitude,
-)
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds06 import (
     surface_position,
     surface_position_with_ref,
     surface_velocity,
 )
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds08 import category, callsign
+from .bds.bds08 import callsign, category
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds09 import airborne_velocity, altitude_diff
+from .bds.bds09 import airborne_velocity, altitude_diff
+from .bds.bds61 import emergency_squawk, emergency_state, is_emergency
+from .bds.bds62 import (
+    altitude_hold_mode,
+    approach_mode,
+    autopilot,
+    baro_pressure_setting,
+    emergency_status,
+    horizontal_mode,
+    lnav_mode,
+    selected_altitude,
+    selected_heading,
+    target_altitude,
+    target_angle,
+    tcas_operational,
+    tcas_ra,
+    vertical_mode,
+    vnav_mode,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    "airborne_position",
+    "airborne_position_with_ref",
+    "altitude05",
+    "surface_position",
+    "surface_position_with_ref",
+    "surface_velocity",
+    "callsign",
+    "category",
+    "airborne_velocity",
+    "altitude_diff",
+    "emergency_squawk",
+    "emergency_state",
+    "is_emergency",
+    "df",
+    "icao",
+    "typecode",
+    "position",
+    "position_with_ref",
+    "altitude",
+    "velocity",
+    "speed_heading",
+    "oe_flag",
+    "version",
+    "nuc_p",
+    "nuc_v",
+    "nic_v1",
+    "nic_v2",
+    "nic_s",
+    "nic_a_c",
+    "nic_b",
+    "nac_p",
+    "nac_v",
+    "sil",
+    "selected_altitude",
+    "target_altitude",
+    "vertical_mode",
+    "horizontal_mode",
+    "selected_heading",
+    "target_angle",
+    "baro_pressure_setting",
+    "autopilot",
+    "vnav_mode",
+    "altitude_hold_mode",
+    "approach_mode",
+    "lnav_mode",
+    "tcas_operational",
+    "tcas_ra",
+    "emergency_status",
+]
 
 
-def df(msg):
+def df(msg: str) -> int:
     return common.df(msg)
 
 
-def icao(msg):
+def icao(msg: str) -> None | str:
     return common.icao(msg)
 
 
-def typecode(msg):
+def typecode(msg: str) -> None | int:
     return common.typecode(msg)
 
 
-def position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref=None, lon_ref=None):
+def position(
-    """Decode position from a pair of even and odd position message
+    msg0: str,
-    (works with both airborne and surface position messages)
+    msg1: str,
+    t0: int | datetime,
+    t1: int | datetime,
+    lat_ref: None | float = None,
+    lon_ref: None | float = None,
+) -> None | tuple[float, float]:
+    """Decode surface or airborne position from a pair of even and odd
+    position messages.
+
+    Note, that to decode surface position using the position message pair,
+    the reference position has to be provided.
 
     Args:
-        msg0 (string): even message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg0 (string): even message (28 hexdigits)
-        msg1 (string): odd message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg1 (string): odd message (28 hexdigits)
         t0 (int): timestamps for the even message
         t1 (int): timestamps for the odd message
+        lat_ref (float): latitude of reference position
+        lon_ref (float): longitude of reference position
 
     Returns:
         (float, float): (latitude, longitude) of the aircraft
+
     """
     tc0 = typecode(msg0)
     tc1 = typecode(msg1)
 
+    if tc0 is None or tc1 is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Incorrect or inconsistent message types")
+
     if 5 <= tc0 <= 8 and 5 <= tc1 <= 8:
-        if (not lat_ref) or (not lon_ref):
+        if lat_ref is None or lon_ref is None:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "Surface position encountered, a reference \
+                "Surface position encountered, a reference position"
-                               position lat/lon required. Location of \
+                " lat/lon required. Location of receiver can be used."
-                               receiver can be used."
             )
         else:
             return surface_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref, lon_ref)
@@ -96,19 +158,22 @@ def position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref=None, lon_ref=None):
         return airborne_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1)
 
     else:
-        raise RuntimeError("incorrect or inconsistant message types")
+        raise RuntimeError("Incorrect or inconsistent message types")
 
 
-def position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
+def position_with_ref(
-    """Decode position with only one message,
+    msg: str, lat_ref: float, lon_ref: float
-    knowing reference nearby location, such as previously
+) -> tuple[float, float]:
-    calculated location, ground station, or airport location, etc.
+    """Decode position with only one message.
-    Works with both airborne and surface position messages.
+
-    The reference position shall be with in 180NM (airborne) or 45NM (surface)
+    A reference position is required, which can be previously
+    calculated location, ground station, or airport location.
+    The function works with both airborne and surface position messages.
+    The reference position shall be within 180NM (airborne) or 45NM (surface)
     of the true position.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): even message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg (str): even message (28 hexdigits)
         lat_ref: previous known latitude
         lon_ref: previous known longitude
 
@@ -118,6 +183,9 @@ def position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
 
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
+    if tc is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("incorrect or inconsistent message types")
+
     if 5 <= tc <= 8:
         return surface_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref)
 
@@ -125,93 +193,94 @@ def position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
         return airborne_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref)
 
     else:
-        raise RuntimeError("incorrect or inconsistant message types")
+        raise RuntimeError("incorrect or inconsistent message types")
 
 
-def altitude(msg):
+def altitude(msg: str) -> None | float:
-    """Decode aircraft altitude
+    """Decode aircraft altitude.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: altitude in feet
-    """
 
+    """
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
-    if tc < 5 or tc == 19 or tc > 22:
+    if tc is None or tc < 5 or tc == 19 or tc > 22:
         raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a position message" % msg)
 
-    if tc >= 5 and tc <= 8:
+    elif tc >= 5 and tc <= 8:
         # surface position, altitude 0
         return 0
 
-    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
-    q = msgbin[47]
-    if q:
-        n = common.bin2int(msgbin[40:47] + msgbin[48:52])
-        alt = n * 25 - 1000
-        return alt
     else:
-        return None
+        # airborn position
+        return altitude05(msg)
 
 
-def velocity(msg, rtn_sources=False):
+def velocity(
+    msg: str, source: bool = False
+) -> None | tuple[None | float, None | float, None | int, str]:
     """Calculate the speed, heading, and vertical rate
-    (handles both airborne or surface message)
+       (handles both airborne or surface message).
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
-        rtn_source (boolean): If the function will return
+        source (boolean): Include direction and vertical rate sources in return.
-            the sources for direction of travel and vertical
+            Default to False.
-            rate. This will change the return value from a four
+            If set to True, the function will return six value instead of four.
-            element array to a six element array.
 
     Returns:
-        (int, float, int, string, string, string): speed (kt),
+        int, float, int, string, [string], [string]:
-            ground track or heading (degree),
+            - Speed (kt)
-            rate of climb/descent (ft/min), speed type
+            - Angle (degree), either ground track or heading
-            ('GS' for ground speed, 'AS' for airspeed),
+            - Vertical rate (ft/min)
-            direction source ('true_north' for ground track / true north
+            - Speed type ('GS' for ground speed, 'AS' for airspeed)
-            as refrence, 'mag_north' for magnetic north as reference),
+            - [Optional] Direction source ('TRUE_NORTH' or 'MAGNETIC_NORTH')
-            rate of climb/descent source ('Baro' for barometer, 'GNSS'
+            - [Optional] Vertical rate source ('BARO' or 'GNSS')
-            for GNSS constellation).
+
-            
+        For surface messages, vertical rate and its respective sources are set
-            In the case of surface messages, None will be put in place
+        to None.
-            for vertical rate and its respective sources.
+
     """
+    tc = typecode(msg)
+    error = "incorrect or inconsistent message types, expecting 4<TC<9 or TC=19"
+    if tc is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(error)
 
-    if 5 <= typecode(msg) <= 8:
+    if 5 <= tc <= 8:
-        return surface_velocity(msg, rtn_sources)
+        return surface_velocity(msg, source)
 
-    elif typecode(msg) == 19:
+    elif tc == 19:
-        return airborne_velocity(msg, rtn_sources)
+        return airborne_velocity(msg, source)
 
     else:
-        raise RuntimeError(
+        raise RuntimeError(error)
-            "incorrect or inconsistant message types, expecting 4<TC<9 or TC=19"
-        )
 
 
-def speed_heading(msg):
+def speed_heading(msg: str) -> None | tuple[None | float, None | float]:
     """Get speed and ground track (or heading) from the velocity message
     (handles both airborne or surface message)
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         (int, float): speed (kt), ground track or heading (degree)
     """
-    spd, trk_or_hdg, rocd, tag = velocity(msg)
+    decoded = velocity(msg)
+    if decoded is None:
+        return None
+    spd, trk_or_hdg, rocd, tag = decoded
     return spd, trk_or_hdg
 
 
-def oe_flag(msg):
+def oe_flag(msg: str) -> int:
     """Check the odd/even flag. Bit 54, 0 for even, 1 for odd.
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
     Returns:
         int: 0 or 1, for even or odd frame
     """
@@ -219,11 +288,11 @@ def oe_flag(msg):
     return int(msgbin[53])
 
 
-def version(msg):
+def version(msg: str) -> int:
     """ADS-B Version
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string, TC = 31
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string, TC = 31
 
     Returns:
         int: version number
@@ -241,13 +310,15 @@ def version(msg):
     return version
 
 
-def nuc_p(msg):
+def nuc_p(msg: str) -> tuple[int, None | float, None | int, None | int]:
-    """Calculate NUCp, Navigation Uncertainty Category - Position (ADS-B version 1)
+    """Calculate NUCp, Navigation Uncertainty Category - Position
+    (ADS-B version 1)
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string,
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string,
 
     Returns:
+        int: NUCp, Navigation Uncertainty Category (position)
         int: Horizontal Protection Limit
         int: 95% Containment Radius - Horizontal (meters)
         int: 95% Containment Radius - Vertical (meters)
@@ -255,7 +326,7 @@ def nuc_p(msg):
     """
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
-    if typecode(msg) < 5 or typecode(msg) > 22:
+    if tc is None or tc < 5 or tc is None or tc > 22:
         raise RuntimeError(
             "%s: Not a surface position message (5<TC<8), \
             airborne position message (8<TC<19), \
@@ -263,27 +334,36 @@ def nuc_p(msg):
             % msg
         )
 
-    try:
+    NUCp = uncertainty.TC_NUCp_lookup[tc]
-        NUCp = uncertainty.TC_NUCp_lookup[tc]
+    index = uncertainty.NUCp.get(NUCp, None)
-        HPL = uncertainty.NUCp[NUCp]["HPL"]
+
-        RCu = uncertainty.NUCp[NUCp]["RCu"]
+    if index is not None:
-        RCv = uncertainty.NUCp[NUCp]["RCv"]
+        HPL = index["HPL"]
-    except KeyError:
+        RCu = index["RCu"]
+        RCv = index["RCv"]
+    else:
         HPL, RCu, RCv = uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA
 
-    if tc in [20, 21]:
+    RCv = uncertainty.NA
-        RCv = uncertainty.NA
 
-    return HPL, RCu, RCv
+    # RCv only available for GNSS height
+    if tc == 20:
+        RCv = 4
+    elif tc == 21:
+        RCv = 15
+
+    return NUCp, HPL, RCu, RCv
 
 
-def nuc_v(msg):
+def nuc_v(msg: str) -> tuple[int, None | float, None | float]:
-    """Calculate NUCv, Navigation Uncertainty Category - Velocity (ADS-B version 1)
+    """Calculate NUCv, Navigation Uncertainty Category - Velocity
+    (ADS-B version 1)
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string,
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string,
 
     Returns:
+        int: NUCv, Navigation Uncertainty Category (velocity)
         int or string: 95% Horizontal Velocity Error
         int or string: 95% Vertical Velocity Error
     """
@@ -296,28 +376,31 @@ def nuc_v(msg):
 
     msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
     NUCv = common.bin2int(msgbin[42:45])
+    index = uncertainty.NUCv.get(NUCv, None)
 
-    try:
+    if index is not None:
-        HVE = uncertainty.NUCv[NUCv]["HVE"]
+        HVE = index["HVE"]
-        VVE = uncertainty.NUCv[NUCv]["VVE"]
+        VVE = index["VVE"]
-    except KeyError:
+    else:
         HVE, VVE = uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA
 
-    return HVE, VVE
+    return NUCv, HVE, VVE
 
 
-def nic_v1(msg, NICs):
+def nic_v1(msg: str, NICs: int) -> tuple[int, None | float, None | float]:
     """Calculate NIC, navigation integrity category, for ADS-B version 1
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
         NICs (int or string): NIC supplement
 
     Returns:
+        int: NIC, Navigation Integrity Category
         int or string: Horizontal Radius of Containment
         int or string: Vertical Protection Limit
     """
-    if typecode(msg) < 5 or typecode(msg) > 22:
+    tc = typecode(msg)
+    if tc is None or tc < 5 or tc > 22:
         raise RuntimeError(
             "%s: Not a surface position message (5<TC<8), \
             airborne position message (8<TC<19), \
@@ -325,33 +408,37 @@ def nic_v1(msg, NICs):
             % msg
         )
 
-    tc = typecode(msg)
     NIC = uncertainty.TC_NICv1_lookup[tc]
 
     if isinstance(NIC, dict):
         NIC = NIC[NICs]
 
-    try:
+    d_index = uncertainty.NICv1.get(NIC, None)
-        Rc = uncertainty.NICv1[NIC][NICs]["Rc"]
+    Rc, VPL = uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA
-        VPL = uncertainty.NICv1[NIC][NICs]["VPL"]
-    except KeyError:
-        Rc, VPL = uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA
 
-    return Rc, VPL
+    if d_index is not None:
+        index = d_index.get(NICs, None)
+        if index is not None:
+            Rc = index["Rc"]
+            VPL = index["VPL"]
+
+    return NIC, Rc, VPL
 
 
-def nic_v2(msg, NICa, NICbc):
+def nic_v2(msg: str, NICa: int, NICbc: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
     """Calculate NIC, navigation integrity category, for ADS-B version 2
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
         NICa (int or string): NIC supplement - A
-        NICbc (int or srting): NIC supplement - B or C
+        NICbc (int or string): NIC supplement - B or C
 
     Returns:
+        int: NIC, Navigation Integrity Category
         int or string: Horizontal Radius of Containment
     """
-    if typecode(msg) < 5 or typecode(msg) > 22:
+    tc = typecode(msg)
+    if tc is None or tc < 5 or tc > 22:
         raise RuntimeError(
             "%s: Not a surface position message (5<TC<8), \
             airborne position message (8<TC<19), \
@@ -359,7 +446,6 @@ def nic_v2(msg, NICa, NICbc):
             % msg
         )
 
-    tc = typecode(msg)
     NIC = uncertainty.TC_NICv2_lookup[tc]
 
     if 20 <= tc <= 22:
@@ -375,14 +461,14 @@ def nic_v2(msg, NICa, NICbc):
     except KeyError:
         Rc = uncertainty.NA
 
-    return Rc
+    return NIC, Rc  # type: ignore
 
 
-def nic_s(msg):
+def nic_s(msg: str) -> int:
     """Obtain NIC supplement bit, TC=31 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: NICs number (0 or 1)
@@ -400,11 +486,11 @@ def nic_s(msg):
     return nic_s
 
 
-def nic_a_c(msg):
+def nic_a_c(msg: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
     """Obtain NICa/c, navigation integrity category supplements a and c
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         (int, int): NICa and NICc number (0 or 1)
@@ -423,18 +509,18 @@ def nic_a_c(msg):
     return nic_a, nic_c
 
 
-def nic_b(msg):
+def nic_b(msg: str) -> int:
     """Obtain NICb, navigation integrity category supplement-b
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: NICb number (0 or 1)
     """
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
-    if tc < 9 or tc > 18:
+    if tc is None or tc < 9 or tc > 18:
         raise RuntimeError(
             "%s: Not a airborne position message, expecting 8<TC<19" % msg
         )
@@ -445,15 +531,18 @@ def nic_b(msg):
     return nic_b
 
 
-def nac_p(msg):
+def nac_p(msg: str) -> tuple[int, int | None, int | None]:
     """Calculate NACp, Navigation Accuracy Category - Position
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string, TC = 29 or 31
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string, TC = 29 or 31
 
     Returns:
-        int or string: 95% horizontal accuracy bounds, Estimated Position Uncertainty
+        int: NACp, Navigation Accuracy Category (position)
-        int or string: 95% vertical accuracy bounds, Vertical Estimated Position Uncertainty
+        int or string: 95% horizontal accuracy bounds,
+            Estimated Position Uncertainty
+        int or string: 95% vertical accuracy bounds,
+            Vertical Estimated Position Uncertainty
     """
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
@@ -477,18 +566,21 @@ def nac_p(msg):
     except KeyError:
         EPU, VEPU = uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA
 
-    return EPU, VEPU
+    return NACp, EPU, VEPU
 
 
-def nac_v(msg):
+def nac_v(msg: str) -> tuple[int, float | None, float | None]:
     """Calculate NACv, Navigation Accuracy Category - Velocity
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string, TC = 19
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string, TC = 19
 
     Returns:
-        int or string: 95% horizontal accuracy bounds for velocity, Horizontal Figure of Merit
+        int: NACv, Navigation Accuracy Category (velocity)
-        int or string: 95% vertical accuracy bounds for velocity, Vertical Figure of Merit
+        int or string: 95% horizontal accuracy bounds for velocity,
+            Horizontal Figure of Merit
+        int or string: 95% vertical accuracy bounds for velocity,
+            Vertical Figure of Merit
     """
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
@@ -506,25 +598,30 @@ def nac_v(msg):
     except KeyError:
         HFOMr, VFOMr = uncertainty.NA, uncertainty.NA
 
-    return HFOMr, VFOMr
+    return NACv, HFOMr, VFOMr
 
 
-def sil(msg, version):
+def sil(
+    msg: str,
+    version: None | int,
+) -> tuple[float | None, float | None, str]:
     """Calculate SIL, Surveillance Integrity Level
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string with TC = 29, 31
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string with TC = 29, 31
 
     Returns:
-        int or string: Probability of exceeding Horizontal Radius of Containment RCu
+        int or string:
-        int or string: Probability of exceeding Vertical Integrity Containment Region VPL
+            Probability of exceeding Horizontal Radius of Containment RCu
+        int or string:
+            Probability of exceeding Vertical Integrity Containment Region VPL
         string: SIL supplement based on per "hour" or "sample", or 'unknown'
     """
     tc = typecode(msg)
 
     if tc not in [29, 31]:
         raise RuntimeError(
-            "%s: Not a target state and status messag, \
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, \
                            or operation status message, expecting TC = 29 or 31"
             % msg
         )

pyModeS/decoder/allcall.py

@@ -1,23 +1,98 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 """
-Decoding all call replies DF=11
+Decode all-call reply messages, with downlink format 11
-
-[To be implemented]
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar
+
+from .. import common
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+F = Callable[[str], T]
+
+
+def _checkdf(func: F[T]) -> F[T]:
+
+    """Ensure downlink format is 11."""
+
+    def wrapper(msg: str) -> T:
+        df = common.df(msg)
+        if df != 11:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Incorrect downlink format, expect 11, got {}".format(df)
+            )
+        return func(msg)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def icao(msg: str) -> None | str:
+    """Decode transponder code (ICAO address).
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        string: ICAO address
+
+    """
+    return common.icao(msg)
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def interrogator(msg: str) -> str:
+    """Decode interrogator identifier code.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int: interrogator identifier code
+
+    """
+    # the CRC remainder contains the CL and IC field.
+    # the top three bits are CL field and last four bits are IC field.
+    remainder = common.crc(msg)
+    if remainder > 79:
+        IC = "corrupt IC"
+    elif remainder < 16:
+        IC = "II" + str(remainder)
+    else:
+        IC = "SI" + str(remainder - 16)
+    return IC
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def capability(msg: str) -> tuple[int, None | str]:
+    """Decode transponder capability.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: transponder capability, description
+
+    """
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    ca = common.bin2int(msgbin[5:8])
+
+    if ca == 0:
+        text = "level 1 transponder"
+    elif ca == 4:
+        text = "level 2 transponder, ability to set CA to 7, on ground"
+    elif ca == 5:
+        text = "level 2 transponder, ability to set CA to 7, airborne"
+    elif ca == 6:
+        text = (
+            "evel 2 transponder, ability to set CA to 7, "
+            "either airborne or ground"
+        )
+    elif ca == 7:
+        text = (
+            "Downlink Request value is 0, "
+            "or the Flight Status is 2, 3, 4 or 5, "
+            "either airborne or on the ground"
+        )
+    else:
+        text = None
+
+    return ca, text

pyModeS/decoder/bds/__init__.py

@@ -18,16 +18,13 @@
 Common functions for Mode-S decoding
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional
+
 import numpy as np
 
-from pyModeS.extra import aero
+from ... import common
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+from ...extra import aero
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds import (
+from . import (  # noqa: F401
-    bds05,
-    bds06,
-    bds08,
-    bds09,
     bds10,
     bds17,
     bds20,
@@ -36,22 +33,26 @@ from pyModeS.decoder.bds import (
     bds44,
     bds45,
     bds50,
-    bds53,
     bds60,
+    bds61,
+    bds62,
 )
 
 
-def is50or60(msg, spd_ref, trk_ref, alt_ref):
+def is50or60(
+    msg: str, spd_ref: float, trk_ref: float, alt_ref: float
+) -> Optional[str]:
     """Use reference ground speed and trk to determine BDS50 and DBS60.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
         spd_ref (float): reference speed (ADS-B ground speed), kts
         trk_ref (float): reference track (ADS-B track angle), deg
         alt_ref (float): reference altitude (ADS-B altitude), ft
 
     Returns:
-        String or None: BDS version, or possible versions, or None if nothing matches.
+        String or None: BDS version, or possible versions,
+          or None if nothing matches.
 
     """
 
@@ -60,25 +61,34 @@ def is50or60(msg, spd_ref, trk_ref, alt_ref):
         vy = v * np.cos(np.radians(angle))
         return vx, vy
 
+    # message must be both BDS 50 and 60 before processing
     if not (bds50.is50(msg) and bds60.is60(msg)):
         return None
 
-    h50 = bds50.trk50(msg)
+    # --- assuming BDS60 ---
-    v50 = bds50.gs50(msg)
-
-    if h50 is None or v50 is None:
-        return "BDS50,BDS60"
-
     h60 = bds60.hdg60(msg)
     m60 = bds60.mach60(msg)
     i60 = bds60.ias60(msg)
 
+    # additional check now knowing the altitude
+    if (m60 is not None) and (i60 is not None):
+        ias_ = aero.mach2cas(m60, alt_ref * aero.ft) / aero.kts
+        if abs(i60 - ias_) > 20:
+            return "BDS50"
+
     if h60 is None or (m60 is None and i60 is None):
         return "BDS50,BDS60"
 
     m60 = np.nan if m60 is None else m60
     i60 = np.nan if i60 is None else i60
 
+    # --- assuming BDS50 ---
+    h50 = bds50.trk50(msg)
+    v50 = bds50.gs50(msg)
+
+    if h50 is None or v50 is None:
+        return "BDS50,BDS60"
+
     XY5 = vxy(v50 * aero.kts, h50)
     XY6m = vxy(aero.mach2tas(m60, alt_ref * aero.ft), h60)
     XY6i = vxy(aero.cas2tas(i60 * aero.kts, alt_ref * aero.ft), h60)
@@ -104,15 +114,17 @@ def is50or60(msg, spd_ref, trk_ref, alt_ref):
     return BDS
 
 
-def infer(msg, mrar=False):
+def infer(msg: str, mrar: bool = False) -> Optional[str]:
     """Estimate the most likely BDS code of an message.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
-        mrar (bool): Also infer MRAR (BDS 44) and MHR (BDS 45). Defaults to False.
+        mrar (bool): Also infer MRAR (BDS 44) and MHR (BDS 45).
+          Defaults to False.
 
     Returns:
-        String or None: BDS version, or possible versions, or None if nothing matches.
+        String or None: BDS version, or possible versions,
+          or None if nothing matches.
 
     """
     df = common.df(msg)
@@ -123,9 +135,11 @@ def infer(msg, mrar=False):
     # For ADS-B / Mode-S extended squitter
     if df == 17:
         tc = common.typecode(msg)
+        if tc is None:
+            return None
 
         if 1 <= tc <= 4:
-            return "BDS08"  # indentification and category
+            return "BDS08"  # identification and category
         if 5 <= tc <= 8:
             return "BDS06"  # surface movement
         if 9 <= tc <= 18:

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds05.py

@@ -1,36 +1,24 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 #   BDS 0,5
 #   ADS-B TC=9-18
-#   Airborn position
+#   Airborne position
 # ------------------------------------------
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from datetime import datetime
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def airborne_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1):
+def airborne_position(
-    """Decode airborn position from a pair of even and odd position message
+    msg0: str, msg1: str, t0: int | datetime, t1: int | datetime
+) -> None | tuple[float, float]:
+    """Decode airborne position from a pair of even and odd position message
 
     Args:
-        msg0 (string): even message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg0 (string): even message (28 hexdigits)
-        msg1 (string): odd message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg1 (string): odd message (28 hexdigits)
         t0 (int): timestamps for the even message
         t1 (int): timestamps for the odd message
 
@@ -52,13 +40,13 @@ def airborne_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1):
         raise RuntimeError("Both even and odd CPR frames are required.")
 
     # 131072 is 2^17, since CPR lat and lon are 17 bits each.
-    cprlat_even = common.bin2int(mb0[22:39]) / 131072.0
+    cprlat_even = common.bin2int(mb0[22:39]) / 131072
-    cprlon_even = common.bin2int(mb0[39:56]) / 131072.0
+    cprlon_even = common.bin2int(mb0[39:56]) / 131072
-    cprlat_odd = common.bin2int(mb1[22:39]) / 131072.0
+    cprlat_odd = common.bin2int(mb1[22:39]) / 131072
-    cprlon_odd = common.bin2int(mb1[39:56]) / 131072.0
+    cprlon_odd = common.bin2int(mb1[39:56]) / 131072
 
-    air_d_lat_even = 360.0 / 60
+    air_d_lat_even = 360 / 60
-    air_d_lat_odd = 360.0 / 59
+    air_d_lat_odd = 360 / 59
 
     # compute latitude index 'j'
     j = common.floor(59 * cprlat_even - 60 * cprlat_odd + 0.5)
@@ -77,18 +65,19 @@ def airborne_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1):
         return None
 
     # compute ni, longitude index m, and longitude
-    if t0 > t1:
+    # (people pass int+int or datetime+datetime)
+    if t0 > t1:  # type: ignore
         lat = lat_even
         nl = common.cprNL(lat)
         ni = max(common.cprNL(lat) - 0, 1)
         m = common.floor(cprlon_even * (nl - 1) - cprlon_odd * nl + 0.5)
-        lon = (360.0 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_even)
+        lon = (360 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_even)
     else:
         lat = lat_odd
         nl = common.cprNL(lat)
         ni = max(common.cprNL(lat) - 1, 1)
         m = common.floor(cprlon_even * (nl - 1) - cprlon_odd * nl + 0.5)
-        lon = (360.0 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_odd)
+        lon = (360 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_odd)
 
     if lon > 180:
         lon = lon - 360
@@ -96,14 +85,16 @@ def airborne_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1):
     return round(lat, 5), round(lon, 5)
 
 
-def airborne_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
+def airborne_position_with_ref(
+    msg: str, lat_ref: float, lon_ref: float
+) -> tuple[float, float]:
     """Decode airborne position with only one message,
     knowing reference nearby location, such as previously calculated location,
     ground station, or airport location, etc. The reference position shall
-    be with in 180NM of the true position.
+    be within 180NM of the true position.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): even message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg (str): even message (28 hexdigits)
         lat_ref: previous known latitude
         lon_ref: previous known longitude
 
@@ -113,11 +104,11 @@ def airborne_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
 
     mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
 
-    cprlat = common.bin2int(mb[22:39]) / 131072.0
+    cprlat = common.bin2int(mb[22:39]) / 131072
-    cprlon = common.bin2int(mb[39:56]) / 131072.0
+    cprlon = common.bin2int(mb[39:56]) / 131072
 
     i = int(mb[21])
-    d_lat = 360.0 / 59 if i else 360.0 / 60
+    d_lat = 360 / 59 if i else 360 / 60
 
     j = common.floor(lat_ref / d_lat) + common.floor(
         0.5 + ((lat_ref % d_lat) / d_lat) - cprlat
@@ -128,9 +119,9 @@ def airborne_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
     ni = common.cprNL(lat) - i
 
     if ni > 0:
-        d_lon = 360.0 / ni
+        d_lon = 360 / ni
     else:
-        d_lon = 360.0
+        d_lon = 360
 
     m = common.floor(lon_ref / d_lon) + common.floor(
         0.5 + ((lon_ref % d_lon) / d_lon) - cprlon
@@ -141,11 +132,11 @@ def airborne_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
     return round(lat, 5), round(lon, 5)
 
 
-def altitude(msg):
+def altitude(msg: str) -> None | int:
     """Decode aircraft altitude
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: altitude in feet
@@ -153,21 +144,14 @@ def altitude(msg):
 
     tc = common.typecode(msg)
 
-    if tc < 9 or tc == 19 or tc > 22:
+    if tc is None or tc < 9 or tc == 19 or tc > 22:
-        raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a airborn position message" % msg)
+        raise RuntimeError("%s: Not an airborne position message" % msg)
 
     mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+    altbin = mb[8:20]
 
     if tc < 19:
-        # barometric altitude
+        altcode = altbin[0:6] + "0" + altbin[6:]
-        q = mb[15]
+        return common.altitude(altcode)
-        if q:
-            n = common.bin2int(mb[8:15] + mb[16:20])
-            alt = n * 25 - 1000
-        else:
-            alt = None
     else:
-        # GNSS altitude, meters -> feet
+        return common.bin2int(altbin) * 3.28084  # type: ignore
-        alt = common.bin2int(mb[8:20]) * 3.28084
-
-    return alt

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds06.py

@@ -1,37 +1,31 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 #   BDS 0,6
 #   ADS-B TC=5-8
-#   Surface position
+#   Surface movement
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from __future__ import annotations
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+
-import math
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def surface_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref, lon_ref):
+def surface_position(
+    msg0: str,
+    msg1: str,
+    t0: int | datetime,
+    t1: int | datetime,
+    lat_ref: float,
+    lon_ref: float,
+) -> None | tuple[float, float]:
+
     """Decode surface position from a pair of even and odd position message,
     the lat/lon of receiver must be provided to yield the correct solution.
 
     Args:
-        msg0 (string): even message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg0 (string): even message (28 hexdigits)
-        msg1 (string): odd message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg1 (string): odd message (28 hexdigits)
         t0 (int): timestamps for the even message
         t1 (int): timestamps for the odd message
         lat_ref (float): latitude of the receiver
@@ -45,13 +39,13 @@ def surface_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref, lon_ref):
     msgbin1 = common.hex2bin(msg1)
 
     # 131072 is 2^17, since CPR lat and lon are 17 bits each.
-    cprlat_even = common.bin2int(msgbin0[54:71]) / 131072.0
+    cprlat_even = common.bin2int(msgbin0[54:71]) / 131072
-    cprlon_even = common.bin2int(msgbin0[71:88]) / 131072.0
+    cprlon_even = common.bin2int(msgbin0[71:88]) / 131072
-    cprlat_odd = common.bin2int(msgbin1[54:71]) / 131072.0
+    cprlat_odd = common.bin2int(msgbin1[54:71]) / 131072
-    cprlon_odd = common.bin2int(msgbin1[71:88]) / 131072.0
+    cprlon_odd = common.bin2int(msgbin1[71:88]) / 131072
 
-    air_d_lat_even = 90.0 / 60
+    air_d_lat_even = 90 / 60
-    air_d_lat_odd = 90.0 / 59
+    air_d_lat_odd = 90 / 59
 
     # compute latitude index 'j'
     j = common.floor(59 * cprlat_even - 60 * cprlat_odd + 0.5)
@@ -61,8 +55,8 @@ def surface_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref, lon_ref):
     lat_odd_n = float(air_d_lat_odd * (j % 59 + cprlat_odd))
 
     # solution for north hemisphere
-    lat_even_s = lat_even_n - 90.0
+    lat_even_s = lat_even_n - 90
-    lat_odd_s = lat_odd_n - 90.0
+    lat_odd_s = lat_odd_n - 90
 
     # chose which solution corrispondes to receiver location
     lat_even = lat_even_n if lat_ref > 0 else lat_even_s
@@ -73,41 +67,44 @@ def surface_position(msg0, msg1, t0, t1, lat_ref, lon_ref):
         return None
 
     # compute ni, longitude index m, and longitude
-    if t0 > t1:
+    # (people pass int+int or datetime+datetime)
+    if t0 > t1:  # type: ignore
         lat = lat_even
         nl = common.cprNL(lat_even)
         ni = max(common.cprNL(lat_even) - 0, 1)
         m = common.floor(cprlon_even * (nl - 1) - cprlon_odd * nl + 0.5)
-        lon = (90.0 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_even)
+        lon = (90 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_even)
     else:
         lat = lat_odd
         nl = common.cprNL(lat_odd)
         ni = max(common.cprNL(lat_odd) - 1, 1)
         m = common.floor(cprlon_even * (nl - 1) - cprlon_odd * nl + 0.5)
-        lon = (90.0 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_odd)
+        lon = (90 / ni) * (m % ni + cprlon_odd)
 
     # four possible longitude solutions
-    lons = [lon, lon + 90.0, lon + 180.0, lon + 270.0]
+    lons = [lon, lon + 90, lon + 180, lon + 270]
 
     # make sure lons are between -180 and 180
-    lons = [(l + 180) % 360 - 180 for l in lons]
+    lons = [(lon + 180) % 360 - 180 for lon in lons]
 
     # the closest solution to receiver is the correct one
-    dls = [abs(lon_ref - l) for l in lons]
+    dls = [abs(lon_ref - lon) for lon in lons]
     imin = min(range(4), key=dls.__getitem__)
     lon = lons[imin]
 
     return round(lat, 5), round(lon, 5)
 
 
-def surface_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
+def surface_position_with_ref(
+    msg: str, lat_ref: float, lon_ref: float
+) -> tuple[float, float]:
     """Decode surface position with only one message,
     knowing reference nearby location, such as previously calculated location,
     ground station, or airport location, etc. The reference position shall
-    be with in 45NM of the true position.
+    be within 45NM of the true position.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): even message (28 bytes hexadecimal string)
+        msg (str): even message (28 hexdigits)
         lat_ref: previous known latitude
         lon_ref: previous known longitude
 
@@ -117,11 +114,11 @@ def surface_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
 
     mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
 
-    cprlat = common.bin2int(mb[22:39]) / 131072.0
+    cprlat = common.bin2int(mb[22:39]) / 131072
-    cprlon = common.bin2int(mb[39:56]) / 131072.0
+    cprlon = common.bin2int(mb[39:56]) / 131072
 
     i = int(mb[21])
-    d_lat = 90.0 / 59 if i else 90.0 / 60
+    d_lat = 90 / 59 if i else 90 / 60
 
     j = common.floor(lat_ref / d_lat) + common.floor(
         0.5 + ((lat_ref % d_lat) / d_lat) - cprlat
@@ -132,9 +129,9 @@ def surface_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
     ni = common.cprNL(lat) - i
 
     if ni > 0:
-        d_lon = 90.0 / ni
+        d_lon = 90 / ni
     else:
-        d_lon = 90.0
+        d_lon = 90
 
     m = common.floor(lon_ref / d_lon) + common.floor(
         0.5 + ((lon_ref % d_lon) / d_lon) - cprlon
@@ -145,24 +142,29 @@ def surface_position_with_ref(msg, lat_ref, lon_ref):
     return round(lat, 5), round(lon, 5)
 
 
-def surface_velocity(msg, rtn_sources=False):
+def surface_velocity(
-    """Decode surface velocity from from a surface position message
+    msg: str, source: bool = False
+) -> tuple[None | float, float, int, str]:
+    """Decode surface velocity from a surface position message
+
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
-        rtn_source (boolean): If the function will return
+        source (boolean): Include direction and vertical rate sources in return.
-            the sources for direction of travel and vertical
+            Default to False.
-            rate. This will change the return value from a four
+            If set to True, the function will return six value instead of four.
-            element array to a six element array.
 
     Returns:
-        (int, float, int, string, string, None): speed (kt),
+        int, float, int, string, [string], [string]:
-            ground track (degree), None for rate of climb/descend (ft/min),
+            - Speed (kt)
-            and speed type ('GS' for ground speed), direction source
+            - Angle (degree), ground track
-            ('true_north' for ground track / true north as reference),
+            - Vertical rate, always 0
-            None rate of climb/descent source.
+            - Speed type ('GS' for ground speed, 'AS' for airspeed)
-    """
+            - [Optional] Direction source ('TRUE_NORTH')
+            - [Optional] Vertical rate source (None)
 
-    if common.typecode(msg) < 5 or common.typecode(msg) > 8:
+    """
+    tc = common.typecode(msg)
+    if tc is None or tc < 5 or tc > 8:
         raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a surface message, expecting 5<TC<8" % msg)
 
     mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
@@ -170,29 +172,28 @@ def surface_velocity(msg, rtn_sources=False):
     # ground track
     trk_status = int(mb[12])
     if trk_status == 1:
-        trk = common.bin2int(mb[13:20]) * 360.0 / 128.0
+        trk = common.bin2int(mb[13:20]) * 360 / 128
         trk = round(trk, 1)
     else:
         trk = None
 
-    # ground movment / speed
+    # ground movement / speed
     mov = common.bin2int(mb[5:12])
 
     if mov == 0 or mov > 124:
         spd = None
     elif mov == 1:
-        spd = 0
+        spd = 0.0
     elif mov == 124:
-        spd = 175
+        spd = 175.0
     else:
-        movs = [2, 9, 13, 39, 94, 109, 124]
+        mov_lb = [2, 9, 13, 39, 94, 109, 124]
-        kts = [0.125, 1, 2, 15, 70, 100, 175]
+        kts_lb: list[float] = [0.125, 1, 2, 15, 70, 100, 175]
-        i = next(m[0] for m in enumerate(movs) if m[1] > mov)
+        step: list[float] = [0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5]
-        step = (kts[i] - kts[i - 1]) * 1.0 / (movs[i] - movs[i - 1])
+        i = next(m[0] for m in enumerate(mov_lb) if m[1] > mov)
-        spd = kts[i - 1] + (mov - movs[i - 1]) * step
+        spd = kts_lb[i - 1] + (mov - mov_lb[i - 1]) * step[i - 1]
-        spd = round(spd, 2)
 
-    if rtn_sources:
+    if source:
-        return spd, trk, 0, "GS", "true_north", None
+        return spd, trk, 0, "GS", "TRUE_NORTH", None  # type: ignore
     else:
         return spd, trk, 0, "GS"

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds08.py

@@ -1,40 +1,24 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 #   BDS 0,8
 #   ADS-B TC=1-4
-#   Aircraft identitification and category
+#   Aircraft identification and category
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from ... import common
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
 
 
-def category(msg):
+def category(msg: str) -> int:
     """Aircraft category number
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: category number
     """
 
-    if common.typecode(msg) < 1 or common.typecode(msg) > 4:
+    tc = common.typecode(msg)
+    if tc is None or tc < 1 or tc > 4:
         raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a identification message" % msg)
 
     msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
@@ -42,17 +26,18 @@ def category(msg):
     return common.bin2int(mebin[5:8])
 
 
-def callsign(msg):
+def callsign(msg: str) -> str:
     """Aircraft callsign
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         string: callsign
     """
+    tc = common.typecode(msg)
 
-    if common.typecode(msg) < 1 or common.typecode(msg) > 4:
+    if tc is None or tc < 1 or tc > 4:
         raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a identification message" % msg)
 
     chars = "#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ#####_###############0123456789######"

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds09.py

@@ -1,53 +1,41 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 #   BDS 0,9
 #   ADS-B TC=19
-#   Aircraft Airborn velocity
+#   Aircraft Airborne velocity
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from __future__ import annotations
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+
 import math
 
+from ... import common
 
-def airborne_velocity(msg, rtn_sources=False):
+
-    """Calculate the speed, track (or heading), and vertical rate
+def airborne_velocity(
+    msg: str, source: bool = False
+) -> None | tuple[None | int, None | float, None | int, str]:
+    """Decode airborne velocity.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
-        rtn_source (boolean): If the function will return
+        source (boolean): Include direction and vertical rate sources in return.
-            the sources for direction of travel and vertical
+            Default to False.
-            rate. This will change the return value from a four
+            If set to True, the function will return six value instead of four.
-            element array to a six element array.
 
     Returns:
-        (int, float, int, string, string, string): speed (kt),
+        int, float, int, string, [string], [string]:
-            ground track or heading (degree),
+            - Speed (kt)
-            rate of climb/descent (ft/min), speed type
+            - Angle (degree), either ground track or heading
-            ('GS' for ground speed, 'AS' for airspeed),
+            - Vertical rate (ft/min)
-            direction source ('true_north' for ground track / true north
+            - Speed type ('GS' for ground speed, 'AS' for airspeed)
-            as refrence, 'mag_north' for magnetic north as reference),
+            - [Optional] Direction source ('TRUE_NORTH' or 'MAGNETIC_NORTH')
-            rate of climb/descent source ('Baro' for barometer, 'GNSS'
+            - [Optional] Vertical rate source ('BARO' or 'GNSS')
-            for GNSS constellation).
-    """
 
+    """
     if common.typecode(msg) != 19:
-        raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a airborne velocity message, expecting TC=19" % msg)
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a airborne velocity message, expecting TC=19" % msg
+        )
 
     mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
 
@@ -56,77 +44,100 @@ def airborne_velocity(msg, rtn_sources=False):
     if common.bin2int(mb[14:24]) == 0 or common.bin2int(mb[25:35]) == 0:
         return None
 
+    trk_or_hdg: None | float
+    spd: None | float
+
     if subtype in (1, 2):
-        v_ew_sign = -1 if mb[13] == "1" else 1
-        v_ew = common.bin2int(mb[14:24]) - 1  # east-west velocity
-        if subtype == 2:  # Supersonic
-            v_ew *= 4
 
-        v_ns_sign = -1 if mb[24] == "1" else 1
+        v_ew = common.bin2int(mb[14:24])
-        v_ns = common.bin2int(mb[25:35]) - 1  # north-south velocity
+        v_ns = common.bin2int(mb[25:35])
-        if subtype == 2:  # Supersonic
-            v_ns *= 4
 
-        v_we = v_ew_sign * v_ew
+        if v_ew == 0 or v_ns == 0:
-        v_sn = v_ns_sign * v_ns
+            spd = None
+            trk_or_hdg = None
+            vs = None
+        else:
+            v_ew_sign = -1 if mb[13] == "1" else 1
+            v_ew = v_ew - 1  # east-west velocity
+            if subtype == 2:  # Supersonic
+                v_ew *= 4
 
-        spd = math.sqrt(v_sn * v_sn + v_we * v_we)  # unit in kts
+            v_ns_sign = -1 if mb[24] == "1" else 1
-        spd = int(spd)
+            v_ns = v_ns - 1  # north-south velocity
+            if subtype == 2:  # Supersonic
+                v_ns *= 4
 
-        trk = math.atan2(v_we, v_sn)
+            v_we = v_ew_sign * v_ew
-        trk = math.degrees(trk)  # convert to degrees
+            v_sn = v_ns_sign * v_ns
-        trk = trk if trk >= 0 else trk + 360  # no negative val
 
-        tag = "GS"
+            spd = math.sqrt(v_sn * v_sn + v_we * v_we)  # unit in kts
-        trk_or_hdg = round(trk, 2)
+            spd = int(spd)
-        dir_type = "true_north"
+
+            trk = math.atan2(v_we, v_sn)
+            trk = math.degrees(trk)  # convert to degrees
+            trk = trk if trk >= 0 else trk + 360  # no negative val
+
+            trk_or_hdg = round(trk, 2)
+
+        spd_type = "GS"
+        dir_type = "TRUE_NORTH"
 
     else:
         if mb[13] == "0":
             hdg = None
         else:
-            hdg = common.bin2int(mb[14:24]) / 1024.0 * 360.0
+            hdg = common.bin2int(mb[14:24]) / 1024 * 360.0
             hdg = round(hdg, 2)
 
         trk_or_hdg = hdg
 
         spd = common.bin2int(mb[25:35])
         spd = None if spd == 0 else spd - 1
-        if subtype == 4:  # Supersonic
+        if subtype == 4 and spd is not None:  # Supersonic
             spd *= 4
 
         if mb[24] == "0":
-            tag = "IAS"
+            spd_type = "IAS"
         else:
-            tag = "TAS"
+            spd_type = "TAS"
 
-        dir_type = "mag_north"
+        dir_type = "MAGNETIC_NORTH"
 
-    vr_source = "GNSS" if mb[35] == "0" else "Baro"
+    vr_source = "GNSS" if mb[35] == "0" else "BARO"
     vr_sign = -1 if mb[36] == "1" else 1
     vr = common.bin2int(mb[37:46])
-    rocd = None if vr == 0 else int(vr_sign * (vr - 1) * 64)
+    vs = None if vr == 0 else int(vr_sign * (vr - 1) * 64)
 
-    if rtn_sources:
+    if source:
-        return spd, trk_or_hdg, rocd, tag, dir_type, vr_source
+        return (  # type: ignore
+            spd,
+            trk_or_hdg,
+            vs,
+            spd_type,
+            dir_type,
+            vr_source,
+        )
     else:
-        return spd, trk_or_hdg, rocd, tag
+        return spd, trk_or_hdg, vs, spd_type
 
 
-def altitude_diff(msg):
+def altitude_diff(msg: str) -> None | float:
-    """Decode the differece between GNSS and barometric altitude
+    """Decode the differece between GNSS and barometric altitude.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string, TC=19
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string, TC=19
 
     Returns:
-        int: Altitude difference in ft. Negative value indicates GNSS altitude
+        int: Altitude difference in feet. Negative value indicates GNSS altitude
-            below barometric altitude.
+        below barometric altitude.
+
     """
     tc = common.typecode(msg)
 
-    if tc != 19:
+    if tc is None or tc != 19:
-        raise RuntimeError("%s: Not a airborne velocity message, expecting TC=19" % msg)
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a airborne velocity message, expecting TC=19" % msg
+        )
 
     msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
     sign = -1 if int(msgbin[80]) else 1

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds10.py

@@ -1,68 +1,53 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 1,0
 # Data link capability report
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros
+from ... import common
 
 
-def is10(msg):
+def is10(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 1,0
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # first 8 bits must be 0x10
     if d[0:8] != "00010000":
         return False
 
     # bit 10 to 14 are reserved
-    if bin2int(d[9:14]) != 0:
+    if common.bin2int(d[9:14]) != 0:
         return False
 
-    # overlay capabilty conflict
+    # overlay capability conflict
-    if d[14] == "1" and bin2int(d[16:23]) < 5:
+    if d[14] == "1" and common.bin2int(d[16:23]) < 5:
         return False
-    if d[14] == "0" and bin2int(d[16:23]) > 4:
+    if d[14] == "0" and common.bin2int(d[16:23]) > 4:
         return False
 
     return True
 
 
-def ovc10(msg):
+def ovc10(msg: str) -> int:
     """Return the overlay control capability
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: Whether the transponder is OVC capable
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     return int(d[14])

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds17.py

@@ -1,45 +1,29 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 #   BDS 1,7
 #   Common usage GICB capability report
 # ------------------------------------------
 
+from typing import List
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from ... import common
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros
 
 
-def is17(msg):
+def is17(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 1,7
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
-    if bin2int(d[28:56]) != 0:
+    if common.bin2int(d[24:56]) != 0:
         return False
 
     caps = cap17(msg)
@@ -56,14 +40,14 @@ def is17(msg):
     return True
 
 
-def cap17(msg):
+def cap17(msg: str) -> List[str]:
     """Extract capacities from BDS 1,7 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
-        list: list of suport BDS codes
+        list: list of supported BDS codes
     """
     allbds = [
         "05",
@@ -90,14 +74,10 @@ def cap17(msg):
         "56",
         "5F",
         "60",
-        "NA",
-        "NA",
-        "E1",
-        "E2",
     ]
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
-    idx = [i for i, v in enumerate(d[:28]) if v == "1"]
+    idx = [i for i, v in enumerate(d[:24]) if v == "1"]
-    capacity = ["BDS" + allbds[i] for i in idx if allbds[i] is not "NA"]
+    capacity = ["BDS" + allbds[i] for i in idx]
 
     return capacity

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds20.py

@@ -1,74 +1,60 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 2,0
 # Aircraft identification
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from ... import common
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros
 
 
-def is20(msg):
+def is20(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 2,0
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[0:8] != "00100000":
         return False
 
-    cs = cs20(msg)
+    # allow empty callsign
+    if common.bin2int(d[8:56]) == 0:
+        return True
 
-    if "#" in cs:
+    if "#" in cs20(msg):
         return False
 
     return True
 
 
-def cs20(msg):
+def cs20(msg: str) -> str:
     """Aircraft callsign
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS40) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         string: callsign, max. 8 chars
     """
     chars = "#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ#####_###############0123456789######"
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     cs = ""
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[8:14])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[8:14])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[14:20])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[14:20])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[20:26])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[20:26])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[26:32])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[26:32])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[32:38])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[32:38])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[38:44])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[38:44])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[44:50])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[44:50])]
-    cs += chars[bin2int(d[50:56])]
+    cs += chars[common.bin2int(d[50:56])]
 
     return cs

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds30.py

@@ -1,41 +1,25 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 3,0
 # ACAS active resolution advisory
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from ... import common
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros
 
 
-def is30(msg):
+def is30(msg: str) -> bool:
-    """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 2,0
+    """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 3,0
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[0:8] != "00110000":
         return False
@@ -45,7 +29,7 @@ def is30(msg):
         return False
 
     # reserved for ACAS III, in far future
-    if bin2int(d[15:22]) >= 48:
+    if common.bin2int(d[15:22]) >= 48:
         return False
 
     return True

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds40.py

@@ -1,136 +1,124 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 4,0
 # Selected vertical intention
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 import warnings
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros, wrongstatus
+from typing import Optional
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def is40(msg):
+def is40(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 4,0
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # status bit 1, 14, and 27
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 1, 2, 13):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 1, 2, 13):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 14, 15, 26):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 14, 15, 26):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 27, 28, 39):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 27, 28, 39):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 48, 49, 51):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 48, 49, 51):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 54, 55, 56):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 54, 55, 56):
         return False
 
     # bits 40-47 and 52-53 shall all be zero
 
-    if bin2int(d[39:47]) != 0:
+    if common.bin2int(d[39:47]) != 0:
         return False
 
-    if bin2int(d[51:53]) != 0:
+    if common.bin2int(d[51:53]) != 0:
         return False
 
     return True
 
 
-def selalt40mcp(msg):
+def selalt40mcp(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Selected altitude, MCP/FCU
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS40) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: altitude in feet
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[0] == "0":
         return None
 
-    alt = bin2int(d[1:13]) * 16  # ft
+    alt = common.bin2int(d[1:13]) * 16  # ft
     return alt
 
 
-def selalt40fms(msg):
+def selalt40fms(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Selected altitude, FMS
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS40) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: altitude in feet
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[13] == "0":
         return None
 
-    alt = bin2int(d[14:26]) * 16  # ft
+    alt = common.bin2int(d[14:26]) * 16  # ft
     return alt
 
 
-def p40baro(msg):
+def p40baro(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Barometric pressure setting
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS40) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: pressure in millibar
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[26] == "0":
         return None
 
-    p = bin2int(d[27:39]) * 0.1 + 800  # millibar
+    p = common.bin2int(d[27:39]) * 0.1 + 800  # millibar
     return p
 
 
-def alt40mcp(msg):
+def alt40mcp(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     warnings.warn(
-        "alt40mcp() has been renamed to selalt40mcp(). It will be removed in the future.",
+        """alt40mcp() has been renamed to selalt40mcp().
+        It will be removed in the future.""",
         DeprecationWarning,
     )
     return selalt40mcp(msg)
 
 
-def alt40fms(msg):
+def alt40fms(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     warnings.warn(
-        "alt40fms() has been renamed to selalt40fms(). It will be removed in the future.",
+        """alt40fms() has been renamed to selalt40fms().
+        It will be removed in the future.""",
         DeprecationWarning,
     )
-    return selalt40mcp(msg)
+    return selalt40fms(msg)

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds44.py

@@ -1,59 +1,45 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 4,4
 # Meteorological routine air report
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros, wrongstatus
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def is44(msg):
+def is44(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 4,4.
 
     Meteorological routine air report
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
 
     """
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # status bit 5, 35, 47, 50
-    if wrongstatus(d, 5, 6, 23):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 5, 6, 23):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 35, 36, 46):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 35, 36, 46):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 47, 48, 49):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 47, 48, 49):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 50, 51, 56):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 50, 51, 56):
         return False
 
     # Bits 1-4 indicate source, values > 4 reserved and should not occur
-    if bin2int(d[0:4]) > 4:
+    if common.bin2int(d[0:4]) > 4:
         return False
 
     vw, dw = wind44(msg)
@@ -67,44 +53,44 @@ def is44(msg):
     return True
 
 
-def wind44(msg):
+def wind44(msg: str) -> Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[float]]:
     """Wind speed and direction.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         (int, float): speed (kt), direction (degree)
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     status = int(d[4])
     if not status:
         return None, None
 
-    speed = bin2int(d[5:14])  # knots
+    speed = common.bin2int(d[5:14])  # knots
-    direction = bin2int(d[14:23]) * 180.0 / 256.0  # degree
+    direction = common.bin2int(d[14:23]) * 180 / 256  # degree
 
     return round(speed, 0), round(direction, 1)
 
 
-def temp44(msg):
+def temp44(msg: str) -> Tuple[float, float]:
     """Static air temperature.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float, float: temperature and alternative temperature in Celsius degree.
-            Note: Two values returns due to what seems to be an inconsistancy
+            Note: Two values returns due to what seems to be an inconsistency
             error in ICAO 9871 (2008) Appendix A-67.
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     sign = int(d[23])
-    value = bin2int(d[24:34])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[24:34])
 
     if sign:
         value = value - 1024
@@ -118,60 +104,60 @@ def temp44(msg):
     return temp, temp_alternative
 
 
-def p44(msg):
+def p44(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Static pressure.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: static pressure in hPa
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[34] == "0":
         return None
 
-    p = bin2int(d[35:46])  # hPa
+    p = common.bin2int(d[35:46])  # hPa
 
     return p
 
 
-def hum44(msg):
+def hum44(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """humidity
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: percentage of humidity, [0 - 100] %
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[49] == "0":
         return None
 
-    hm = bin2int(d[50:56]) * 100.0 / 64  # %
+    hm = common.bin2int(d[50:56]) * 100 / 64  # %
 
     return round(hm, 1)
 
 
-def turb44(msg):
+def turb44(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
-    """Turblence.
+    """Turbulence.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: turbulence level. 0=NIL, 1=Light, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[46] == "0":
         return None
 
-    turb = bin2int(d[47:49])
+    turb = common.bin2int(d[47:49])
 
     return turb

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds45.py

@@ -1,71 +1,57 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 4,5
 # Meteorological hazard report
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros, wrongstatus
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def is45(msg):
+def is45(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 4,5.
 
     Meteorological hazard report
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
 
     """
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # status bit 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 27, 39
-    if wrongstatus(d, 1, 2, 3):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 1, 2, 3):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 4, 5, 6):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 4, 5, 6):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 7, 8, 9):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 7, 8, 9):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 10, 11, 12):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 10, 11, 12):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 13, 14, 15):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 13, 14, 15):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 16, 17, 26):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 16, 17, 26):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 27, 28, 38):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 27, 28, 38):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 39, 40, 51):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 39, 40, 51):
         return False
 
     # reserved
-    if bin2int(d[51:56]) != 0:
+    if common.bin2int(d[51:56]) != 0:
         return False
 
     temp = temp45(msg)
@@ -76,110 +62,110 @@ def is45(msg):
     return True
 
 
-def turb45(msg):
+def turb45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Turbulence.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: Turbulence level. 0=NIL, 1=Light, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[0] == "0":
         return None
 
-    turb = bin2int(d[1:3])
+    turb = common.bin2int(d[1:3])
     return turb
 
 
-def ws45(msg):
+def ws45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Wind shear.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: Wind shear level. 0=NIL, 1=Light, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[3] == "0":
         return None
 
-    ws = bin2int(d[4:6])
+    ws = common.bin2int(d[4:6])
     return ws
 
 
-def mb45(msg):
+def mb45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Microburst.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: Microburst level. 0=NIL, 1=Light, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[6] == "0":
         return None
 
-    mb = bin2int(d[7:9])
+    mb = common.bin2int(d[7:9])
     return mb
 
 
-def ic45(msg):
+def ic45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Icing.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: Icing level. 0=NIL, 1=Light, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[9] == "0":
         return None
 
-    ic = bin2int(d[10:12])
+    ic = common.bin2int(d[10:12])
     return ic
 
 
-def wv45(msg):
+def wv45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Wake vortex.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: Wake vortex level. 0=NIL, 1=Light, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[12] == "0":
         return None
 
-    ws = bin2int(d[13:15])
+    ws = common.bin2int(d[13:15])
     return ws
 
 
-def temp45(msg):
+def temp45(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Static air temperature.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: tmeperature in Celsius degree
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     sign = int(d[16])
-    value = bin2int(d[17:26])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[17:26])
 
     if sign:
         value = value - 512
@@ -190,35 +176,35 @@ def temp45(msg):
     return temp
 
 
-def p45(msg):
+def p45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Average static pressure.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: static pressure in hPa
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[26] == "0":
         return None
-    p = bin2int(d[27:38])  # hPa
+    p = common.bin2int(d[27:38])  # hPa
     return p
 
 
-def rh45(msg):
+def rh45(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Radio height.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: radio height in ft
 
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
     if d[38] == "0":
         return None
-    rh = bin2int(d[39:51]) * 16
+    rh = common.bin2int(d[39:51]) * 16
     return rh

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds50.py

@@ -1,62 +1,48 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 5,0
 # Track and turn report
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros, wrongstatus
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def is50(msg):
+def is50(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 5,0
     (Track and turn report)
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # status bit 1, 12, 24, 35, 46
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 1, 3, 11):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 1, 3, 11):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 12, 13, 23):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 12, 13, 23):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 24, 25, 34):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 24, 25, 34):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 35, 36, 45):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 35, 36, 45):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 46, 47, 56):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 46, 47, 56):
         return False
 
     roll = roll50(msg)
-    if (roll is not None) and abs(roll) > 60:
+    if (roll is not None) and abs(roll) > 50:
         return False
 
     gs = gs50(msg)
@@ -73,52 +59,52 @@ def is50(msg):
     return True
 
 
-def roll50(msg):
+def roll50(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Roll angle, BDS 5,0 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS50) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: angle in degrees,
                negative->left wing down, positive->right wing down
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[0] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[1])  # 1 -> left wing down
-    value = bin2int(d[2:11])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[2:11])
 
     if sign:
         value = value - 512
 
-    angle = value * 45.0 / 256.0  # degree
+    angle = value * 45 / 256  # degree
     return round(angle, 1)
 
 
-def trk50(msg):
+def trk50(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """True track angle, BDS 5,0 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS50) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: angle in degrees to true north (from 0 to 360)
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[11] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[12])  # 1 -> west
-    value = bin2int(d[13:23])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[13:23])
 
     if sign:
         value = value - 1024
 
-    trk = value * 90.0 / 512.0
+    trk = value * 90 / 512.0
 
     # convert from [-180, 180] to [0, 360]
     if trk < 0:
@@ -127,34 +113,34 @@ def trk50(msg):
     return round(trk, 3)
 
 
-def gs50(msg):
+def gs50(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Ground speed, BDS 5,0 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS50) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: ground speed in knots
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[23] == "0":
         return None
 
-    spd = bin2int(d[24:34]) * 2  # kts
+    spd = common.bin2int(d[24:34]) * 2  # kts
     return spd
 
 
-def rtrk50(msg):
+def rtrk50(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Track angle rate, BDS 5,0 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS50) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: angle rate in degrees/second
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[34] == "0":
         return None
@@ -163,27 +149,27 @@ def rtrk50(msg):
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[35])  # 1 -> negative value, two's complement
-    value = bin2int(d[36:45])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[36:45])
     if sign:
         value = value - 512
 
-    angle = value * 8.0 / 256.0  # degree / sec
+    angle = value * 8 / 256  # degree / sec
     return round(angle, 3)
 
 
-def tas50(msg):
+def tas50(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Aircraft true airspeed, BDS 5,0 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS50) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: true airspeed in knots
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[45] == "0":
         return None
 
-    tas = bin2int(d[46:56]) * 2  # kts
+    tas = common.bin2int(d[46:56]) * 2  # kts
     return tas

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds53.py

@@ -1,58 +1,44 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 5,3
 # Air-referenced state vector
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros, wrongstatus
+
+from ... import common
 
 
-def is53(msg):
+def is53(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 5,3
     (Air-referenced state vector)
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # status bit 1, 13, 24, 34, 47
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 1, 3, 12):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 1, 3, 12):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 13, 14, 23):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 13, 14, 23):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 24, 25, 33):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 24, 25, 33):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 34, 35, 46):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 34, 35, 46):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 47, 49, 56):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 47, 49, 56):
         return False
 
     ias = ias53(msg)
@@ -74,27 +60,27 @@ def is53(msg):
     return True
 
 
-def hdg53(msg):
+def hdg53(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Magnetic heading, BDS 5,3 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS53) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: angle in degrees to true north (from 0 to 360)
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[0] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[1])  # 1 -> west
-    value = bin2int(d[2:12])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[2:12])
 
     if sign:
         value = value - 1024
 
-    hdg = value * 90.0 / 512.0  # degree
+    hdg = value * 90 / 512  # degree
 
     # convert from [-180, 180] to [0, 360]
     if hdg < 0:
@@ -103,76 +89,76 @@ def hdg53(msg):
     return round(hdg, 3)
 
 
-def ias53(msg):
+def ias53(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Indicated airspeed, DBS 5,3 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits
 
     Returns:
         int: indicated arispeed in knots
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[12] == "0":
         return None
 
-    ias = bin2int(d[13:23])  # knots
+    ias = common.bin2int(d[13:23])  # knots
     return ias
 
 
-def mach53(msg):
+def mach53(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """MACH number, DBS 5,3 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits
 
     Returns:
         float: MACH number
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[23] == "0":
         return None
 
-    mach = bin2int(d[24:33]) * 0.008
+    mach = common.bin2int(d[24:33]) * 0.008
     return round(mach, 3)
 
 
-def tas53(msg):
+def tas53(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Aircraft true airspeed, BDS 5,3 message
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits
 
     Returns:
         float: true airspeed in knots
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[33] == "0":
         return None
 
-    tas = bin2int(d[34:46]) * 0.5  # kts
+    tas = common.bin2int(d[34:46]) * 0.5  # kts
     return round(tas, 1)
 
 
-def vr53(msg):
+def vr53(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Vertical rate
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS60) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits (BDS60) string
 
     Returns:
         int: vertical rate in feet/minutes
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[46] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[47])  # 1 -> negative value, two's complement
-    value = bin2int(d[48:56])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[48:56])
 
     if value == 0 or value == 255:  # all zeros or all ones
         return 0

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds60.py

@@ -1,57 +1,44 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 # ------------------------------------------
 # BDS 6,0
 # Heading and speed report
 # ------------------------------------------
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional
-from pyModeS.decoder.common import hex2bin, bin2int, data, allzeros, wrongstatus
+
+from ... import common
+from ...extra import aero
 
 
-def is60(msg):
+def is60(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if a message is likely to be BDS code 6,0
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         bool: True or False
     """
 
-    if allzeros(msg):
+    if common.allzeros(msg):
         return False
 
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     # status bit 1, 13, 24, 35, 46
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 1, 2, 12):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 1, 2, 12):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 13, 14, 23):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 13, 14, 23):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 24, 25, 34):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 24, 25, 34):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 35, 36, 45):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 35, 36, 45):
         return False
 
-    if wrongstatus(d, 46, 47, 56):
+    if common.wrongstatus(d, 46, 47, 56):
         return False
 
     ias = ias60(msg)
@@ -70,90 +57,98 @@ def is60(msg):
     if vr_ins is not None and abs(vr_ins) > 6000:
         return False
 
+    # additional check knowing altitude
+    if (mach is not None) and (ias is not None) and (common.df(msg) == 20):
+        alt = common.altcode(msg)
+        if alt is not None:
+            ias_ = aero.mach2cas(mach, alt * aero.ft) / aero.kts
+            if abs(ias - ias_) > 20:
+                return False
+
     return True
 
 
-def hdg60(msg):
+def hdg60(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Megnetic heading of aircraft
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS60) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: heading in degrees to megnetic north (from 0 to 360)
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[0] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[1])  # 1 -> west
-    value = bin2int(d[2:12])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[2:12])
 
     if sign:
         value = value - 1024
 
-    hdg = value * 90 / 512.0  # degree
+    hdg = value * 90 / 512  # degree
 
     # convert from [-180, 180] to [0, 360]
     if hdg < 0:
         hdg = 360 + hdg
 
-    return round(hdg, 3)
+    return hdg
 
 
-def ias60(msg):
+def ias60(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Indicated airspeed
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS60) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: indicated airspeed in knots
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[12] == "0":
         return None
 
-    ias = bin2int(d[13:23])  # kts
+    ias = common.bin2int(d[13:23])  # kts
     return ias
 
 
-def mach60(msg):
+def mach60(msg: str) -> Optional[float]:
     """Aircraft MACH number
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS60) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         float: MACH number
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[23] == "0":
         return None
 
-    mach = bin2int(d[24:34]) * 2.048 / 512.0
+    mach = common.bin2int(d[24:34]) * 2.048 / 512.0
-    return round(mach, 3)
+    return mach
 
 
-def vr60baro(msg):
+def vr60baro(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Vertical rate from barometric measurement, this value may be very noisy.
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS60) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: vertical rate in feet/minutes
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[34] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[35])  # 1 -> negative value, two's complement
-    value = bin2int(d[36:45])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[36:45])
 
     if value == 0 or value == 511:  # all zeros or all ones
         return 0
@@ -164,22 +159,22 @@ def vr60baro(msg):
     return roc
 
 
-def vr60ins(msg):
+def vr60ins(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
-    """Vertical rate messured by onbard equiments (IRS, AHRS)
+    """Vertical rate measurd by onbard equiments (IRS, AHRS)
 
     Args:
-        msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message (BDS60) string
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
 
     Returns:
         int: vertical rate in feet/minutes
     """
-    d = hex2bin(data(msg))
+    d = common.hex2bin(common.data(msg))
 
     if d[45] == "0":
         return None
 
     sign = int(d[46])  # 1 -> negative value, two's complement
-    value = bin2int(d[47:56])
+    value = common.bin2int(d[47:56])
 
     if value == 0 or value == 511:  # all zeros or all ones
         return 0

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds61.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# ------------------------------------------
+#   BDS 6,1
+#   ADS-B TC=28
+#   Aircraft Airborne status
+# ------------------------------------------
+
+from ... import common
+
+
+def is_emergency(msg: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if the aircraft is reporting an emergency.
+
+    Non-emergencies are either a subtype of zero (no information) or
+    subtype of one and a value of zero (no emergency).
+    Subtype = 2 indicates an ACAS RA broadcast, look in BDS 3,0
+
+    :param msg: 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+    :return: if the aircraft has declared an emergency
+    """
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 28:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not an airborne status message, expecting TC=28" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:8])
+
+    if subtype == 2:
+        raise RuntimeError("%s: Emergency message is ACAS-RA, not implemented")
+
+    emergency_state = common.bin2int(mb[8:11])
+
+    if subtype == 1 and emergency_state == 1:
+        return True
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def emergency_state(msg: str) -> int:
+    """Decode aircraft emergency state.
+
+    Value   Meaning
+    -----   -----------------------
+    0       No emergency
+    1       General emergency
+    2       Lifeguard/Medical
+    3       Minimum fuel
+    4       No communications
+    5       Unlawful communications
+    6-7     Reserved
+
+    :param msg: 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+    :return: emergency state
+    """
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:8])
+
+    if subtype == 2:
+        raise RuntimeError("%s: Emergency message is ACAS-RA, not implemented")
+
+    emergency_state = common.bin2int(mb[8:11])
+    return emergency_state
+
+
+def emergency_squawk(msg: str) -> str:
+    """Decode squawk code.
+
+    Emergency value 1: squawk 7700.
+    Emergency value 4: squawk 7600.
+    Emergency value 5: squawk 7500.
+
+    :param msg: 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+    :return: aircraft squawk code
+    """
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 28:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not an airborne status message, expecting TC=28" % msg
+        )
+
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+
+    # construct the 13 bits Mode A ID code
+    idcode = msgbin[43:56]
+
+    squawk = common.squawk(idcode)
+    return squawk

pyModeS/decoder/bds/bds62.py

@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+# ------------------------------------------
+#   BDS 6,2
+#   ADS-B TC=29
+#   Target State and Status
+# ------------------------------------------
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ... import common
+
+
+def selected_altitude(msg: str) -> tuple[None | float, str]:
+    """Decode selected altitude.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Selected altitude (ft)
+        string: Source ('MCP/FCU' or 'FMS')
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not"
+            " contain selected altitude, use target altitude instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    alt = common.bin2int(mb[9:20])
+    if alt == 0:
+        return None, "N/A"
+    alt = (alt - 1) * 32
+    alt_source = "MCP/FCU" if int(mb[8]) == 0 else "FMS"
+
+    return alt, alt_source
+
+
+def target_altitude(msg: str) -> tuple[None | int, str, str]:
+    """Decode target altitude.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Target altitude (ft)
+        string: Source ('MCP/FCU', 'Holding mode' or 'FMS/RNAV')
+        string: Altitude reference, either pressure altitude or barometric
+           corrected altitude ('FL' or 'MSL')
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 2 target state and status message does not"
+            " contain target altitude, use selected altitude instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    alt_avail = common.bin2int(mb[7:9])
+    if alt_avail == 0:
+        return None, "N/A", ""
+    elif alt_avail == 1:
+        alt_source = "MCP/FCU"
+    elif alt_avail == 2:
+        alt_source = "Holding mode"
+    else:
+        alt_source = "FMS/RNAV"
+
+    alt_ref = "FL" if int(mb[9]) == 0 else "MSL"
+
+    alt = -1000 + common.bin2int(mb[15:25]) * 100
+
+    return alt, alt_source, alt_ref
+
+
+def vertical_mode(msg: str) -> None | int:
+    """Decode vertical mode.
+
+    Value   Meaning
+    -----   -----------------------
+    1       "Acquiring" mode
+    2       "Capturing" or "Maintaining" mode
+    3       Reserved
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Vertical mode
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 2 target state and status message does not"
+            " contain vertical mode, use vnav mode instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    vertical_mode = common.bin2int(mb[13:15])
+    if vertical_mode == 0:
+        return None
+
+    return vertical_mode
+
+
+def horizontal_mode(msg: str) -> None | int:
+    """Decode horizontal mode.
+
+    Value   Meaning
+    -----   -----------------------
+    1       "Acquiring" mode
+    2       "Capturing" or "Maintaining" mode
+    3       Reserved
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Horizontal mode
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 2 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain horizontal mode, use lnav mode instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    horizontal_mode = common.bin2int(mb[25:27])
+    if horizontal_mode == 0:
+        return None
+
+    return horizontal_mode
+
+
+def selected_heading(msg: str) -> None | float:
+    """Decode selected heading.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+
+    Returns:
+        float: Selected heading (degree)
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain selected heading, use target angle instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    if int(mb[29]) == 0:
+        return None
+    else:
+        hdg_sign = int(mb[30])
+        hdg = (hdg_sign + 1) * common.bin2int(mb[31:39]) * (180 / 256)
+        hdg = round(hdg, 2)
+
+    return hdg
+
+
+def target_angle(msg: str) -> tuple[None | int, str, str]:
+    """Decode target heading/track angle.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Target angle (degree)
+        string: Angle type ('Heading' or 'Track')
+        string: Source ('MCP/FCU', 'Autopilot Mode' or 'FMS/RNAV')
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 2 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain target angle, use selected heading instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    angle_avail = common.bin2int(mb[25:27])
+    if angle_avail == 0:
+        return None, "", "N/A"
+    else:
+        angle = common.bin2int(mb[27:36])
+
+        if angle_avail == 1:
+            angle_source = "MCP/FCU"
+        elif angle_avail == 2:
+            angle_source = "Autopilot mode"
+        else:
+            angle_source = "FMS/RNAV"
+
+        angle_type = "Heading" if int(mb[36]) else "Track"
+
+    return angle, angle_type, angle_source
+
+
+def baro_pressure_setting(msg: str) -> None | float:
+    """Decode barometric pressure setting.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        float: Barometric pressure setting (millibars)
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain barometric pressure setting" % msg
+        )
+
+    baro = common.bin2int(mb[20:29])
+    if baro == 0:
+        return None
+
+    return 800 + (baro - 1) * 0.8
+
+
+def autopilot(msg) -> None | bool:
+    """Decode autopilot engagement.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: Autopilot engaged
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain autopilot engagement" % msg
+        )
+
+    if int(mb[46]) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    autopilot = True if int(mb[47]) == 1 else False
+
+    return autopilot
+
+
+def vnav_mode(msg) -> None | bool:
+    """Decode VNAV mode.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: VNAV mode engaged
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain vnav mode, use vertical mode instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    if int(mb[46]) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    vnav_mode = True if int(mb[48]) == 1 else False
+
+    return vnav_mode
+
+
+def altitude_hold_mode(msg) -> None | bool:
+    """Decode altitude hold mode.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: Altitude hold mode engaged
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain altitude hold mode" % msg
+        )
+
+    if int(mb[46]) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    alt_hold_mode = True if int(mb[49]) == 1 else False
+
+    return alt_hold_mode
+
+
+def approach_mode(msg) -> None | bool:
+    """Decode approach mode.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: Approach mode engaged
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain approach mode" % msg
+        )
+
+    if int(mb[46]) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    app_mode = True if int(mb[51]) == 1 else False
+
+    return app_mode
+
+
+def lnav_mode(msg) -> None | bool:
+    """Decode LNAV mode.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: LNAV mode engaged
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 1 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain lnav mode, use horizontal mode instead" % msg
+        )
+
+    if int(mb[46]) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    lnav_mode = True if int(mb[53]) == 1 else False
+
+    return lnav_mode
+
+
+def tcas_operational(msg) -> None | bool:
+    """Decode TCAS/ACAS operational.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: TCAS/ACAS operational
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 0:
+        tcas = True if int(mb[51]) == 0 else False
+    else:
+        tcas = True if int(mb[52]) == 1 else False
+
+    return tcas
+
+
+def tcas_ra(msg) -> bool:
+    """Decode TCAS/ACAS Resolution advisory.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+
+    Returns:
+        bool: TCAS/ACAS Resolution advisory active
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 2 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain TCAS/ACAS RA" % msg
+        )
+
+    tcas_ra = True if int(mb[52]) == 1 else False
+
+    return tcas_ra
+
+
+def emergency_status(msg) -> int:
+    """Decode aircraft emergency status.
+
+    Value   Meaning
+    -----   -----------------------
+    0       No emergency
+    1       General emergency
+    2       Lifeguard/medical emergency
+    3       Minimum fuel
+    4       No communications
+    5       Unlawful interference
+    6       Downed aircraft
+    7       Reserved
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: Emergency status
+
+    """
+
+    if common.typecode(msg) != 29:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: Not a target state and status message, expecting TC=29" % msg
+        )
+
+    mb = common.hex2bin(msg)[32:]
+
+    subtype = common.bin2int(mb[5:7])
+
+    if subtype == 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "%s: ADS-B version 2 target state and status message does not "
+            "contain emergency status" % msg
+        )
+
+    return common.bin2int(mb[53:56])

pyModeS/decoder/commb.py

@@ -1,37 +1,88 @@
-"""Comm-B Wrapper.
+"""Comm-B module.
 
-The Comm-B wrapper imports all functions from the following modules:
+The Comm-B module imports all functions from the following modules:
 
-**ELS - elementary surveillance**
+ELS - elementary surveillance
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30
 
-**EHS - enhanced surveillance**
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30
 
-**MRAR and MHR**
+EHS - enhanced surveillance
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44
+
-    - pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60
+
+MRAR and MHR
+
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44
+- pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
-
 # ELS - elementary surveillance
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10 import *
+from .bds.bds10 import is10, ovc10
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17 import *
+from .bds.bds17 import is17, cap17
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20 import *
+from .bds.bds20 import is20, cs20
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30 import *
+from .bds.bds30 import is30
 
 # ELS - enhanced surveillance
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40 import *
+from .bds.bds40 import (
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50 import *
+    is40,
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60 import *
+    selalt40fms,
+    selalt40mcp,
+    p40baro,
+    alt40fms,
+    alt40mcp,
+)
+from .bds.bds50 import is50, roll50, trk50, gs50, rtrk50, tas50
+from .bds.bds60 import is60, hdg60, ias60, mach60, vr60baro, vr60ins
 
 # MRAR and MHR
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds44 import *
+from .bds.bds44 import is44, wind44, temp44, p44, hum44, turb44
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds45 import *
+from .bds.bds45 import is45, turb45, ws45, mb45, ic45, wv45, temp45, p45, rh45
+
+__all__ = [
+    "is10",
+    "ovc10",
+    "is17",
+    "cap17",
+    "is20",
+    "cs20",
+    "is30",
+    "is40",
+    "selalt40fms",
+    "selalt40mcp",
+    "p40baro",
+    "alt40fms",
+    "alt40mcp",
+    "is50",
+    "roll50",
+    "trk50",
+    "gs50",
+    "rtrk50",
+    "tas50",
+    "is60",
+    "hdg60",
+    "ias60",
+    "mach60",
+    "vr60baro",
+    "vr60ins",
+    "is44",
+    "wind44",
+    "temp44",
+    "p44",
+    "hum44",
+    "turb44",
+    "is45",
+    "turb45",
+    "ws45",
+    "mb45",
+    "ic45",
+    "wv45",
+    "temp45",
+    "p45",
+    "rh45",
+]

pyModeS/decoder/ehs.py

@@ -9,28 +9,58 @@ The EHS wrapper imports all functions from the following modules:
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
 import warnings
 
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds40 import *
+from .bds.bds40 import (
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds50 import *
+    is40,
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds60 import *
+    selalt40fms,
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds import infer
+    selalt40mcp,
+    p40baro,
+    alt40fms,
+    alt40mcp,
+)
+from .bds.bds50 import is50, roll50, trk50, gs50, rtrk50, tas50
+from .bds.bds60 import is60, hdg60, ias60, mach60, vr60baro, vr60ins
+from .bds import infer
+
+__all__ = [
+    "is40",
+    "selalt40fms",
+    "selalt40mcp",
+    "p40baro",
+    "alt40fms",
+    "alt40mcp",
+    "is50",
+    "roll50",
+    "trk50",
+    "gs50",
+    "rtrk50",
+    "tas50",
+    "is60",
+    "hdg60",
+    "ias60",
+    "mach60",
+    "vr60baro",
+    "vr60ins",
+    "infer",
+]
 
 warnings.simplefilter("once", DeprecationWarning)
 warnings.warn(
-    "pms.ehs module is deprecated. Please use pms.commb instead.", DeprecationWarning
+    "pms.ehs module is deprecated. Please use pms.commb instead.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
 )
 
 
 def BDS(msg):
     warnings.warn(
-        "pms.ehs.BDS() is deprecated, use pms.bds.infer() instead.", DeprecationWarning
+        "pms.ehs.BDS() is deprecated, use pms.bds.infer() instead.",
+        DeprecationWarning,
     )
     return infer(msg)
 
 
 def icao(msg):
-    from pyModeS.decoder.common import icao
+    from . import common
 
-    return icao(msg)
+    return common.icao(msg)

pyModeS/decoder/els.py

@@ -10,16 +10,26 @@ The ELS wrapper imports all functions from the following modules:
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
-
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds10 import *
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds17 import *
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds20 import *
-from pyModeS.decoder.bds.bds30 import *
-
 import warnings
 
+from .bds.bds10 import is10, ovc10
+from .bds.bds17 import cap17, is17
+from .bds.bds20 import cs20, is20
+from .bds.bds30 import is30
+
 warnings.simplefilter("once", DeprecationWarning)
 warnings.warn(
-    "pms.els module is deprecated. Please use pms.commb instead.", DeprecationWarning
+    "pms.els module is deprecated. Please use pms.commb instead.",
+    DeprecationWarning,
 )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "is10",
+    "ovc10",
+    "is17",
+    "cap17",
+    "is20",
+    "cs20",
+    "is30",
+]

pyModeS/decoder/flarm/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from typing import TypedDict
+
+from .decode import flarm as flarm_decode
+
+__all__ = ["DecodedMessage", "flarm"]
+
+
+class DecodedMessage(TypedDict):
+    timestamp: int
+    icao24: str
+    latitude: float
+    longitude: float
+    altitude: int
+    vertical_speed: float
+    groundspeed: int
+    track: int
+    type: str
+    sensorLatitude: float
+    sensorLongitude: float
+    isIcao24: bool
+    noTrack: bool
+    stealth: bool
+
+
+flarm = flarm_decode

pyModeS/decoder/flarm/core.c

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include "core.h"
+
+/*
+ *
+ * https://pastebin.com/YK2f8bfm
+ *
+ * NEW ENCRYPTION
+ *
+ * Swiss glider anti-colission system moved to a new encryption scheme: XXTEA
+ * The algorithm encrypts all the packet after the header: total 20 bytes or 5 long int words of data
+ *
+ * XXTEA description and code are found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXTEA
+ * The system uses 6 iterations of the main loop.
+ *
+ * The system version 6 sends two type of packets: position and ... some unknown data
+ * The difference is made by bit 0 of byte 3 of the packet: for position data this bit is zero.
+ *
+ * For position data the key used depends on the time and transmitting device address.
+ * The key is as well obscured by a weird algorithm.
+ * The code to generate the key is:
+ *
+ * */
+
+void make_key(int *key, long time, long address)
+{
+  const long key1[4] = {0xe43276df, 0xdca83759, 0x9802b8ac, 0x4675a56b};
+  const long key1b[4] = {0xfc78ea65, 0x804b90ea, 0xb76542cd, 0x329dfa32};
+  const long *table = ((((time >> 23) & 255) & 0x01) != 0) ? key1b : key1;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+  {
+    key[i] = obscure(table[i] ^ ((time >> 6) ^ address), 0x045D9F3B) ^ 0x87B562F4;
+  }
+}
+
+long obscure(long key, unsigned long seed)
+{
+  unsigned int m1 = seed * (key ^ (key >> 16));
+  unsigned int m2 = seed * (m1 ^ (m1 >> 16));
+  return m2 ^ (m2 >> 16);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEW PACKET FORMAT:
+ *
+ * Byte     Bits
+ *  0     AAAA AAAA    device address
+ *  1     AAAA AAAA
+ *  2     AAAA AAAA
+ *  3     00aa 0000    aa = 10 or 01
+ *
+ *  4     vvvv vvvv    vertical speed
+ *  5     xxxx xxvv
+ *  6     gggg gggg    GPS status
+ *  7     tttt gggg    plane type
+ *
+ *  8     LLLL LLLL    Latitude
+ *  9     LLLL LLLL
+ * 10     aaaa aLLL
+ * 11     aaaa aaaa    Altitude
+ *
+ * 12     NNNN NNNN    Longitude
+ * 13     NNNN NNNN
+ * 14     xxxx NNNN
+ * 15     FFxx xxxx    multiplying factor
+ *
+ * 16     SSSS SSSS    as in version 4
+ * 17     ssss ssss
+ * 18     KKKK KKKK
+ * 19     kkkk kkkk
+ *
+ * 20     EEEE EEEE
+ * 21     eeee eeee
+ * 22     PPPP PPPP
+ * 24     pppp pppp
+ * */
+
+/*
+ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXTEA
+ */
+
+void btea(uint32_t *v, int n, uint32_t const key[4])
+{
+  uint32_t y, z, sum;
+  unsigned p, rounds, e;
+  if (n > 1)
+  { /* Coding Part */
+    /* Unused, should remove? */
+    rounds = 6 + 52 / n;
+    sum = 0;
+    z = v[n - 1];
+    do
+    {
+      sum += DELTA;
+      e = (sum >> 2) & 3;
+      for (p = 0; p < (unsigned)n - 1; p++)
+      {
+        y = v[p + 1];
+        z = v[p] += MX;
+      }
+      y = v[0];
+      z = v[n - 1] += MX;
+    } while (--rounds);
+  }
+  else if (n < -1)
+  { /* Decoding Part */
+    n = -n;
+    rounds = 6; // + 52 / n;
+    sum = rounds * DELTA;
+    y = v[0];
+    do
+    {
+      e = (sum >> 2) & 3;
+      for (p = n - 1; p > 0; p--)
+      {
+        z = v[p - 1];
+        y = v[p] -= MX;
+      }
+      z = v[n - 1];
+      y = v[0] -= MX;
+      sum -= DELTA;
+    } while (--rounds);
+  }
+}

pyModeS/decoder/flarm/core.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef __CORE_H__
+#define __CORE_H__
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define DELTA 0x9e3779b9
+#define MX (((z >> 5 ^ y << 2) + (y >> 3 ^ z << 4)) ^ ((sum ^ y) + (key[(p & 3) ^ e] ^ z)))
+
+void make_key(int *key, long time, long address);
+long obscure(long key, unsigned long seed);
+void btea(uint32_t *v, int n, uint32_t const key[4]);
+
+#endif

pyModeS/decoder/flarm/core.pxd

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+cdef extern from "core.h":
+    void make_key(int*, long time, long address)
+    void btea(int*, int, int*)

pyModeS/decoder/flarm/decode.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+from . import DecodedMessage
+
+AIRCRAFT_TYPES: list[str]
+
+
+def flarm(
+    timestamp: int,
+    msg: str,
+    refLat: float,
+    refLon: float,
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> DecodedMessage: ...

pyModeS/decoder/flarm/decode.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+from cpython cimport array
+
+from .core cimport make_key as c_make_key, btea as c_btea
+
+import array
+import math
+from ctypes import c_byte
+from textwrap import wrap
+
+AIRCRAFT_TYPES = [
+    "Unknown",  # 0
+    "Glider",  # 1
+    "Tow-Plane",  # 2
+    "Helicopter",  # 3
+    "Parachute",  # 4
+    "Parachute Drop-Plane",  # 5
+    "Hangglider",  # 6
+    "Paraglider",  # 7
+    "Aircraft",  # 8
+    "Jet",  # 9
+    "UFO",  # 10
+    "Balloon",  # 11
+    "Airship",  # 12
+    "UAV",  # 13
+    "Reserved",  # 14
+    "Static Obstacle",  # 15
+]
+
+cdef long bytearray2int(str icao24):
+    return (
+        (int(icao24[4:6], 16) & 0xFF)
+        | ((int(icao24[2:4], 16) & 0xFF) << 8)
+        | ((int(icao24[:2], 16) & 0xFF) << 16)
+    )
+
+cpdef array.array make_key(long timestamp, str icao24):
+    cdef long addr = bytearray2int(icao24)
+    cdef array.array a = array.array('i', [0, 0, 0, 0])
+    c_make_key(a.data.as_ints, timestamp, (addr << 8) & 0xffffff)
+    return a
+
+cpdef array.array btea(long timestamp, str msg):
+    cdef int p
+    cdef str icao24 = msg[4:6] + msg[2:4] + msg[:2]
+    cdef array.array key = make_key(timestamp, icao24)
+
+    pieces = wrap(msg[8:], 8)
+    cdef array.array toDecode = array.array('i', len(pieces) * [0])
+    for i, piece in enumerate(pieces):
+        p = 0
+        for elt in wrap(piece, 2)[::-1]:
+            p = (p << 8) + int(elt, 16)
+        toDecode[i] = p
+
+    c_btea(toDecode.data.as_ints, -5, key.data.as_ints)
+    return toDecode
+
+cdef float velocity(int ns, int ew):
+    return math.hypot(ew / 4, ns / 4)
+
+def heading(ns, ew, velocity):
+    if velocity < 1e-6:
+        velocity = 1
+    return (math.atan2(ew / velocity / 4, ns / velocity / 4) / 0.01745) % 360
+
+def turningRate(a1, a2):
+    return ((((a2 - a1)) + 540) % 360) - 180
+
+def flarm(long timestamp, str msg, float refLat, float refLon, **kwargs):
+    """Decode a FLARM message.
+
+    Args:
+        timestamp (int)
+        msg (str)
+        refLat (float): the receiver's location
+        refLon (float): the receiver's location
+
+    Returns:
+        a dictionary with all decoded fields. Any extra keyword argument passed
+        is included in the output dictionary.
+    """
+    cdef str icao24 = msg[4:6] + msg[2:4] + msg[:2]
+    cdef int magic = int(msg[6:8], 16)
+
+    if magic != 0x10 and magic != 0x20:
+        return None
+
+    cdef array.array decoded = btea(timestamp, msg)
+
+    cdef int aircraft_type = (decoded[0] >> 28) & 0xF
+    cdef int gps = (decoded[0] >> 16) & 0xFFF
+    cdef int raw_vs = c_byte(decoded[0] & 0x3FF).value
+
+    noTrack = ((decoded[0] >> 14) & 0x1) == 1
+    stealth = ((decoded[0] >> 13) & 0x1) == 1
+
+    cdef int altitude =  (decoded[1] >> 19) & 0x1FFF
+
+    cdef int lat = decoded[1] & 0x7FFFF
+
+    cdef int mult_factor = 1 << ((decoded[2] >> 30) & 0x3)
+    cdef int lon = decoded[2] & 0xFFFFF
+
+    ns = list(
+        c_byte((decoded[3] >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF).value * mult_factor
+        for i in range(4)
+    )
+    ew = list(
+        c_byte((decoded[4] >> (i * 8)) & 0xFF).value * mult_factor
+        for i in range(4)
+    )
+
+    cdef int roundLat = int(refLat * 1e7) >> 7
+    lat = (lat - roundLat) % 0x080000
+    if lat >= 0x040000:
+        lat -= 0x080000
+    lat = (((lat + roundLat) << 7) + 0x40) 
+
+    roundLon = int(refLon * 1e7) >> 7
+    lon = (lon - roundLon) % 0x100000
+    if lon >= 0x080000:
+        lon -= 0x100000
+    lon = (((lon + roundLon) << 7) + 0x40)
+
+    speed = sum(velocity(n, e) for n, e in zip(ns, ew)) / 4
+
+    heading4 = heading(ns[0], ew[0], speed)
+    heading8 = heading(ns[1], ew[1], speed)
+
+    return dict(
+        timestamp=timestamp,
+        icao24=icao24,
+        latitude=round(lat * 1e-7, 6),
+        longitude=round(lon * 1e-7, 6),
+        geoaltitude=altitude,
+        vertical_speed=raw_vs * mult_factor / 10,
+        groundspeed=round(speed),
+        track=round(heading4 - 4 * turningRate(heading4, heading8) / 4),
+        type=AIRCRAFT_TYPES[aircraft_type],
+        sensorLatitude=refLat,
+        sensorLongitude=refLon,
+        isIcao24=magic==0x10,
+        noTrack=noTrack,
+        stealth=stealth,
+        **kwargs
+    )

pyModeS/decoder/surv.py

@@ -1,23 +1,138 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Junzi Sun (TU Delft)
-
-# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
 """
-Warpper for short roll call surveillance replies DF=4/5
+Decode short roll call surveillance replies, with downlink format 4 or 5
-
-[To be implemented]
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from __future__ import annotations
-from pyModeS.decoder import common
+from typing import Callable, TypeVar
+
+from .. import common
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+F = Callable[[str], T]
+
+
+def _checkdf(func: F[T]) -> F[T]:
+    """Ensure downlink format is 4 or 5."""
+
+    def wrapper(msg: str) -> T:
+        df = common.df(msg)
+        if df not in [4, 5]:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Incorrect downlink format, expect 4 or 5, got {}".format(df)
+            )
+        return func(msg)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def fs(msg: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
+    """Decode flight status.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: flight status, description
+
+    """
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    fs = common.bin2int(msgbin[5:8])
+    text = ""
+
+    if fs == 0:
+        text = "no alert, no SPI, aircraft is airborne"
+    elif fs == 1:
+        text = "no alert, no SPI, aircraft is on-ground"
+    elif fs == 2:
+        text = "alert, no SPI, aircraft is airborne"
+    elif fs == 3:
+        text = "alert, no SPI, aircraft is on-ground"
+    elif fs == 4:
+        text = "alert, SPI, aircraft is airborne or on-ground"
+    elif fs == 5:
+        text = "no alert, SPI, aircraft is airborne or on-ground"
+
+    return fs, text
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def dr(msg: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
+    """Decode downlink request.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: downlink request, description
+
+    """
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    dr = common.bin2int(msgbin[8:13])
+
+    text = ""
+
+    if dr == 0:
+        text = "no downlink request"
+    elif dr == 1:
+        text = "request to send Comm-B message"
+    elif dr == 4:
+        text = "Comm-B broadcast 1 available"
+    elif dr == 5:
+        text = "Comm-B broadcast 2 available"
+    elif dr >= 16:
+        text = "ELM downlink segments available: {}".format(dr - 15)
+
+    return dr, text
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def um(msg: str) -> tuple[int, int, None | str]:
+    """Decode utility message.
+
+    Utility message contains interrogator identifier and reservation type.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: interrogator identifier code that triggered the reply, and
+        reservation type made by the interrogator
+    """
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    iis = common.bin2int(msgbin[13:17])
+    ids = common.bin2int(msgbin[17:19])
+    if ids == 0:
+        ids_text = None
+    if ids == 1:
+        ids_text = "Comm-B interrogator identifier code"
+    if ids == 2:
+        ids_text = "Comm-C interrogator identifier code"
+    if ids == 3:
+        ids_text = "Comm-D interrogator identifier code"
+    return iis, ids, ids_text
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def altitude(msg: str) -> None | int:
+    """Decode altitude.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (String): 14 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: altitude in ft
+
+    """
+    return common.altcode(msg)
+
+
+@_checkdf
+def identity(msg: str) -> str:
+    """Decode squawk code.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (String): 14 hexdigits string
+
+    Returns:
+        string: squawk code
+
+    """
+    return common.idcode(msg)

pyModeS/decoder/uncertainty.py

@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
 """Uncertainty parameters.
 
-See source code at: https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS/blob/master/pyModeS/decoder/uncertainty.py
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import TypedDict
+
 NA = None
 
 TC_NUCp_lookup = {
@@ -26,7 +34,7 @@ TC_NUCp_lookup = {
     22: 0,
 }
 
-TC_NICv1_lookup = {
+TC_NICv1_lookup: dict[int, int | dict[int, int]] = {
     5: 11,
     6: 10,
     7: 9,
@@ -46,7 +54,7 @@ TC_NICv1_lookup = {
     22: 0,
 }
 
-TC_NICv2_lookup = {
+TC_NICv2_lookup: dict[int, int | dict[int, int]] = {
     5: 11,
     6: 10,
     7: {2: 9, 0: 8},
@@ -67,7 +75,13 @@ TC_NICv2_lookup = {
 }
 
 
-NUCp = {
+class NUCpEntry(TypedDict):
+    HPL: None | float
+    RCu: None | int
+    RCv: None | int
+
+
+NUCp: dict[int, NUCpEntry] = {
     9: {"HPL": 7.5, "RCu": 3, "RCv": 4},
     8: {"HPL": 25, "RCu": 10, "RCv": 15},
     7: {"HPL": 185, "RCu": 93, "RCv": NA},
@@ -80,7 +94,13 @@ NUCp = {
     0: {"HPL": NA, "RCu": NA, "RCv": NA},
 }
 
-NUCv = {
+
+class NUCvEntry(TypedDict):
+    HVE: None | float
+    VVE: None | float
+
+
+NUCv: dict[int, NUCvEntry] = {
     0: {"HVE": NA, "VVE": NA},
     1: {"HVE": 10, "VVE": 15.2},
     2: {"HVE": 3, "VVE": 4.5},
@@ -88,7 +108,13 @@ NUCv = {
     4: {"HVE": 0.3, "VVE": 0.46},
 }
 
-NACp = {
+
+class NACpEntry(TypedDict):
+    EPU: None | int
+    VEPU: None | int
+
+
+NACp: dict[int, NACpEntry] = {
     11: {"EPU": 3, "VEPU": 4},
     10: {"EPU": 10, "VEPU": 15},
     9: {"EPU": 30, "VEPU": 45},
@@ -103,7 +129,13 @@ NACp = {
     0: {"EPU": NA, "VEPU": NA},
 }
 
-NACv = {
+
+class NACvEntry(TypedDict):
+    HFOMr: None | float
+    VFOMr: None | float
+
+
+NACv: dict[int, NACvEntry] = {
     0: {"HFOMr": NA, "VFOMr": NA},
     1: {"HFOMr": 10, "VFOMr": 15.2},
     2: {"HFOMr": 3, "VFOMr": 4.5},
@@ -111,7 +143,13 @@ NACv = {
     4: {"HFOMr": 0.3, "VFOMr": 0.46},
 }
 
-SIL = {
+
+class SILEntry(TypedDict):
+    PE_RCu: None | float
+    PE_VPL: None | float
+
+
+SIL: dict[int, SILEntry] = {
     3: {"PE_RCu": 1e-7, "PE_VPL": 2e-7},
     2: {"PE_RCu": 1e-5, "PE_VPL": 1e-5},
     1: {"PE_RCu": 1e-3, "PE_VPL": 1e-3},
@@ -119,7 +157,12 @@ SIL = {
 }
 
 
-NICv1 = {
+class NICv1Entry(TypedDict):
+    Rc: None | float
+    VPL: None | float
+
+
+NICv1: dict[int, dict[int, NICv1Entry]] = {
     # NIC is used as the index at second Level
     11: {0: {"Rc": 7.5, "VPL": 11}},
     10: {0: {"Rc": 25, "VPL": 37.5}},
@@ -135,7 +178,12 @@ NICv1 = {
     0: {0: {"Rc": NA, "VPL": NA}},
 }
 
-NICv2 = {
+
+class NICv2Entry(TypedDict):
+    Rc: None | float
+
+
+NICv2: dict[int, dict[int, NICv2Entry]] = {
     # Decimal value of [NICa NICb/NICc] is used as the index at second Level
     11: {0: {"Rc": 7.5}},
     10: {0: {"Rc": 25}},

pyModeS/decoder/uplink.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+from typing import Optional
+from .. import common
+from textwrap import wrap
+
+
+def uplink_icao(msg: str) -> str:
+    "Calculate the ICAO address from a Mode-S interrogation (uplink message)"
+    p_gen = 0xFFFA0480 << ((len(msg) - 14) * 4)
+    data = int(msg[:-6], 16)
+    PA = int(msg[-6:], 16)
+    ad = 0
+    topbit = 0b1 << (len(msg) * 4 - 25)
+    for j in range(0, len(msg) * 4, 1):
+        if data & topbit:
+            data ^= p_gen
+        data = (data << 1) + ((PA >> 23) & 1)
+        PA = PA << 1
+        if j > (len(msg) * 4 - 26):
+            ad = ad + ((data >> (len(msg) * 4 - 25)) & 1)
+            ad = ad << 1
+    return "%06X" % (ad >> 2)
+
+
+def uf(msg: str) -> int:
+    """Decode Uplink Format value, bits 1 to 5."""
+    ufbin = common.hex2bin(msg[:2])
+    return min(common.bin2int(ufbin[0:5]), 24)
+
+
+def bds(msg: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    "Decode requested BDS register from selective (Roll Call) interrogation."
+    UF = uf(msg)
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    msgbin_split = wrap(msgbin, 8)
+    mbytes = list(map(common.bin2int, msgbin_split))
+
+    if UF in {4, 5, 20, 21}:
+
+        di = mbytes[1] & 0x7  # DI - Designator Identification
+        RR = mbytes[1] >> 3 & 0x1F
+        if RR > 15:
+            BDS1 = RR - 16
+            if di == 7:
+                RRS = mbytes[2] & 0x0F
+                BDS2 = RRS
+            elif di == 3:
+                RRS = ((mbytes[2] & 0x1) << 3) | ((mbytes[3] & 0xE0) >> 5)
+                BDS2 = RRS
+            else:
+                # for other values of DI, the BDS2 is assumed 0
+                # (as per ICAO Annex 10 Vol IV)
+                BDS2 = 0
+
+            return str(format(BDS1,"X")) + str(format(BDS2,"X"))
+        else:
+            return None
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def pr(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
+    """Decode PR (probability of reply) field from All Call interrogation.
+    Interpretation:
+    0 signifies reply with probability of 1
+    1 signifies reply with probability of 1/2
+    2 signifies reply with probability of 1/4
+    3 signifies reply with probability of 1/8
+    4 signifies reply with probability of 1/16
+    5, 6, 7 not assigned
+    8 signifies disregard lockout, reply with probability of 1
+    9 signifies disregard lockout, reply with probability of 1/2
+    10 signifies disregard lockout, reply with probability of 1/4
+    11 signifies disregard lockout, reply with probability of 1/8
+    12 signifies disregard lockout, reply with probability of 1/16
+    13, 14, 15 not assigned.
+    """
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    msgbin_split = wrap(msgbin, 8)
+    mbytes = list(map(common.bin2int, msgbin_split))
+    if uf(msg) == 11:
+        return ((mbytes[0] & 0x7) << 1) | ((mbytes[1] & 0x80) >> 7)
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def ic(msg: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Decode IC (interrogator code) from a ground-based interrogation."""
+
+    UF = uf(msg)
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    msgbin_split = wrap(msgbin, 8)
+    mbytes = list(map(common.bin2int, msgbin_split))
+    IC = None
+    if UF == 11:
+
+        codeLabel = mbytes[1] & 0x7
+        icField = (mbytes[1] >> 3) & 0xF
+
+        # Store the Interogator Code
+        ic_switcher = {
+            0: "II" + str(icField),
+            1: "SI" + str(icField),
+            2: "SI" + str(icField + 16),
+            3: "SI" + str(icField + 32),
+            4: "SI" + str(icField + 48),
+        }
+        IC = ic_switcher.get(codeLabel, "")
+
+    if UF in {4, 5, 20, 21}:
+        di = mbytes[1] & 0x7
+        RR = mbytes[1] >> 3 & 0x1F
+        if RR > 15:
+            BDS1 = RR - 16  # noqa: F841
+        if di == 0 or di == 1 or di == 7:
+            # II
+            II = (mbytes[2] >> 4) & 0xF
+            IC = "II" + str(II)
+        elif di == 3:
+            # SI
+            SI = (mbytes[2] >> 2) & 0x3F
+            IC = "SI" + str(SI)
+    return IC
+
+
+def lockout(msg):
+    """Decode the lockout command from selective (Roll Call) interrogation."""
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    msgbin_split = wrap(msgbin, 8)
+    mbytes = list(map(common.bin2int, msgbin_split))
+
+    if uf(msg) in {4, 5, 20, 21}:
+        lockout = False
+        di = mbytes[1] & 0x7
+        if di == 7:
+            # LOS
+            if ((mbytes[3] & 0x40) >> 6) == 1:
+                lockout = True
+        elif di == 3:
+            # LSS
+            if ((mbytes[2] & 0x2) >> 1) == 1:
+                lockout = True
+        return lockout
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def uplink_fields(msg):
+    """Decode individual fields of a ground-based interrogation."""
+    msgbin = common.hex2bin(msg)
+    msgbin_split = wrap(msgbin, 8)
+    mbytes = list(map(common.bin2int, msgbin_split))
+    PR = ""
+    IC = ""
+    lockout = False
+    di = ""
+    RR = ""
+    RRS = ""
+    BDS = ""
+    if uf(msg) == 11:
+
+        # Probability of Reply decoding
+
+        PR = ((mbytes[0] & 0x7) << 1) | ((mbytes[1] & 0x80) >> 7)
+
+        #  Get cl and ic bit fields from the data
+        #  Decode the SI or II interrogator code
+        codeLabel = mbytes[1] & 0x7
+        icField = (mbytes[1] >> 3) & 0xF
+
+        # Store the Interogator Code
+        ic_switcher = {
+            0: "II" + str(icField),
+            1: "SI" + str(icField),
+            2: "SI" + str(icField + 16),
+            3: "SI" + str(icField + 32),
+            4: "SI" + str(icField + 48),
+        }
+        IC = ic_switcher.get(codeLabel, "")
+
+    if uf(msg) in {4, 5, 20, 21}:
+        # Decode the DI and get the lockout information conveniently
+        # (LSS or LOS)
+
+        # DI - Designator Identification
+        di = mbytes[1] & 0x7
+        RR = mbytes[1] >> 3 & 0x1F
+        if RR > 15:
+            BDS1 = RR - 16
+            BDS2 = 0
+        if di == 0 or di == 1:
+            # II
+            II = (mbytes[2] >> 4) & 0xF
+            IC = "II" + str(II)
+        elif di == 7:
+            # LOS
+            if ((mbytes[3] & 0x40) >> 6) == 1:
+                lockout = True
+            # II
+            II = (mbytes[2] >> 4) & 0xF
+            IC = "II" + str(II)
+            RRS = mbytes[2] & 0x0F
+            BDS2 = RRS
+        elif di == 3:
+            # LSS
+            if ((mbytes[2] & 0x2) >> 1) == 1:
+                lockout = True
+            # SI
+            SI = (mbytes[2] >> 2) & 0x3F
+            IC = "SI" + str(SI)
+            RRS = ((mbytes[2] & 0x1) << 3) | ((mbytes[3] & 0xE0) >> 5)
+            BDS2 = RRS
+        if RR > 15:
+            BDS = str(format(BDS1,"X")) + str(format(BDS2,"X"))
+            
+    return {
+        "DI": di,
+        "IC": IC,
+        "LOS": lockout,
+        "PR": PR,
+        "RR": RR,
+        "RRS": RRS,
+        "BDS": BDS,
+    }

pyModeS/extra/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division

pyModeS/extra/aero.py

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ International Standard Atmosphere
 
     p,rho,T = atmos(H)    # atmos as function of geopotential altitude H [m]
     a = vsound(H)         # speed of sound [m/s] as function of H[m]
-    p = pressure(H)       # calls atmos but retruns only pressure [Pa]
+    p = pressure(H)       # calls atmos but returns only pressure [Pa]
     T = temperature(H)    # calculates temperature [K]
-    rho = density(H)      # calls atmos but retruns only pressure [Pa]
+    rho = density(H)      # calls atmos but returns only pressure [Pa]
 
 Speed conversion at altitude H[m] in ISA
 ::
 
     Mach = tas2mach(Vtas,H)    # true airspeed (Vtas) to mach number conversion
-    Vtas = mach2tas(Mach,H)    # true airspeed (Vtas) to mach number conversion
+    Vtas = mach2tas(Mach,H)    # mach number to true airspeed (Vtas) conversion
     Vtas = eas2tas(Veas,H)     # equivalent airspeed to true airspeed, H in [m]
     Veas = tas2eas(Vtas,H)     # true airspeed to equivent airspeed, H in [m]
     Vtas = cas2tas(Vcas,H)     # Vcas  to Vtas conversion both m/s, H in [m]
@@ -35,18 +35,18 @@ ft = 0.3048  # ft -> m
 fpm = 0.00508  # ft/min -> m/s
 inch = 0.0254  # inch -> m
 sqft = 0.09290304  # 1 square foot
-nm = 1852.0  # nautical mile -> m
+nm = 1852  # nautical mile -> m
 lbs = 0.453592  # pound -> kg
 g0 = 9.80665  # m/s2, Sea level gravity constant
 R = 287.05287  # m2/(s2 x K), gas constant, sea level ISA
-p0 = 101325.0  # Pa, air pressure, sea level ISA
+p0 = 101325  # Pa, air pressure, sea level ISA
 rho0 = 1.225  # kg/m3, air density, sea level ISA
 T0 = 288.15  # K, temperature, sea level ISA
 gamma = 1.40  # cp/cv for air
 gamma1 = 0.2  # (gamma-1)/2 for air
 gamma2 = 3.5  # gamma/(gamma-1) for air
 beta = -0.0065  # [K/m] ISA temp gradient below tropopause
-r_earth = 6371000.0  # m, average earth radius
+r_earth = 6371000  # m, average earth radius
 a0 = 340.293988  # m/s, sea level speed of sound ISA, sqrt(gamma*R*T0)
 
 
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ def distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, H=0):
     """
 
     # phi = 90 - latitude
-    phi1 = np.radians(90.0 - lat1)
+    phi1 = np.radians(90 - lat1)
-    phi2 = np.radians(90.0 - lat2)
+    phi2 = np.radians(90 - lat2)
 
     # theta = longitude
     theta1 = np.radians(lon1)
@@ -158,16 +158,16 @@ def tas2eas(Vtas, H):
 def cas2tas(Vcas, H):
     """Calibrated Airspeed to True Airspeed"""
     p, rho, T = atmos(H)
-    qdyn = p0 * ((1.0 + rho0 * Vcas * Vcas / (7.0 * p0)) ** 3.5 - 1.0)
+    qdyn = p0 * ((1 + rho0 * Vcas * Vcas / (7 * p0)) ** 3.5 - 1.0)
-    Vtas = np.sqrt(7.0 * p / rho * ((1.0 + qdyn / p) ** (2.0 / 7.0) - 1.0))
+    Vtas = np.sqrt(7 * p / rho * ((1 + qdyn / p) ** (2 / 7.0) - 1.0))
     return Vtas
 
 
 def tas2cas(Vtas, H):
     """True Airspeed to Calibrated Airspeed"""
     p, rho, T = atmos(H)
-    qdyn = p * ((1.0 + rho * Vtas * Vtas / (7.0 * p)) ** 3.5 - 1.0)
+    qdyn = p * ((1 + rho * Vtas * Vtas / (7 * p)) ** 3.5 - 1.0)
-    Vcas = np.sqrt(7.0 * p0 / rho0 * ((qdyn / p0 + 1.0) ** (2.0 / 7.0) - 1.0))
+    Vcas = np.sqrt(7 * p0 / rho0 * ((qdyn / p0 + 1.0) ** (2 / 7.0) - 1.0))
     return Vcas
 
 

pyModeS/extra/demod2400/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .core import demod2400
+
+__all__ = ["demod2400"]

pyModeS/extra/demod2400/core.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.typing as npt
+
+def demod2400(data: npt.NDArray[np.uint16], timestamp: float): ...

pyModeS/extra/demod2400/core.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from libc.stdint cimport uint16_t, uint8_t
+import numpy as np
+
+from ...c_common cimport crc, df
+
+cdef extern from "demod2400.h":
+    int demodulate2400(uint16_t *data, uint8_t *msg, int len_data, int* len_msg)
+
+
+def demod2400(uint16_t[:] data, float timestamp):
+    cdef uint8_t[:] msg_bin
+    cdef int i = 0, j, length, crc_msg = 1
+    cdef long size = data.shape[0]
+
+    msg_bin = np.zeros(14, dtype=np.uint8)
+
+    while i < size:
+        j = demodulate2400(&data[i], &msg_bin[0], size-i, &length)
+        if j == 0:
+            yield dict(
+                # 1 sample data = 2 IQ samples (hence 2*)
+                timestamp=timestamp + 2.*i/2400000.,
+                payload=None,
+                crc=None,
+                index=i,
+            )
+            return
+        i += j
+        msg_clip = np.asarray(msg_bin)[:length]
+        msg = "".join(f"{elt:02X}" for elt in msg_clip)
+        crc_msg = crc(msg)
+        # if df(msg) != 17 or crc_msg == 0:
+        if crc_msg == 0:
+            yield dict(
+                # 1 sample data = 2 IQ samples (hence 2*)
+                timestamp=timestamp + 2.*i/2400000.,
+                payload=msg,
+                crc=crc_msg,
+                index=i,
+            )
+
+    yield dict(
+        # 1 sample data = 2 IQ samples (hence 2*)
+        timestamp=timestamp + 2.*i/2400000.,
+        payload=None,
+        crc=None,
+        index=i,
+    )
+    return

pyModeS/extra/demod2400/demod2400.c

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+#include "demod2400.h"
+
+static inline int slice_phase0(uint16_t *m)
+{
+    return 5 * m[0] - 3 * m[1] - 2 * m[2];
+}
+static inline int slice_phase1(uint16_t *m)
+{
+    return 4 * m[0] - m[1] - 3 * m[2];
+}
+static inline int slice_phase2(uint16_t *m)
+{
+    return 3 * m[0] + m[1] - 4 * m[2];
+}
+static inline int slice_phase3(uint16_t *m)
+{
+    return 2 * m[0] + 3 * m[1] - 5 * m[2];
+}
+static inline int slice_phase4(uint16_t *m)
+{
+    return m[0] + 5 * m[1] - 5 * m[2] - m[3];
+}
+
+int demodulate2400(uint16_t *mag, uint8_t *msg, int len_mag, int *len_msg)
+{
+
+    uint32_t j;
+    for (j = 0; j < len_mag / 2 - 300; j++)
+    { // SALE
+
+        uint16_t *preamble = &mag[j];
+        int high;
+        uint32_t base_signal, base_noise;
+
+        // quick check: we must have a rising edge 0->1 and a falling edge 12->13
+        if (!(preamble[0] < preamble[1] && preamble[12] > preamble[13]))
+            continue;
+
+        if (preamble[1] > preamble[2] &&                               // 1
+            preamble[2] < preamble[3] && preamble[3] > preamble[4] &&  // 3
+            preamble[8] < preamble[9] && preamble[9] > preamble[10] && // 9
+            preamble[10] < preamble[11])
+        { // 11-12
+            // peaks at 1,3,9,11-12: phase 3
+            high = (preamble[1] + preamble[3] + preamble[9] + preamble[11] + preamble[12]) / 4;
+            base_signal = preamble[1] + preamble[3] + preamble[9];
+            base_noise = preamble[5] + preamble[6] + preamble[7];
+        }
+        else if (preamble[1] > preamble[2] &&                               // 1
+                 preamble[2] < preamble[3] && preamble[3] > preamble[4] &&  // 3
+                 preamble[8] < preamble[9] && preamble[9] > preamble[10] && // 9
+                 preamble[11] < preamble[12])
+        { // 12
+            // peaks at 1,3,9,12: phase 4
+            high = (preamble[1] + preamble[3] + preamble[9] + preamble[12]) / 4;
+            base_signal = preamble[1] + preamble[3] + preamble[9] + preamble[12];
+            base_noise = preamble[5] + preamble[6] + preamble[7] + preamble[8];
+        }
+        else if (preamble[1] > preamble[2] &&                                // 1
+                 preamble[2] < preamble[3] && preamble[4] > preamble[5] &&   // 3-4
+                 preamble[8] < preamble[9] && preamble[10] > preamble[11] && // 9-10
+                 preamble[11] < preamble[12])
+        { // 12
+            // peaks at 1,3-4,9-10,12: phase 5
+            high = (preamble[1] + preamble[3] + preamble[4] + preamble[9] + preamble[10] + preamble[12]) / 4;
+            base_signal = preamble[1] + preamble[12];
+            base_noise = preamble[6] + preamble[7];
+        }
+        else if (preamble[1] > preamble[2] &&                                 // 1
+                 preamble[3] < preamble[4] && preamble[4] > preamble[5] &&    // 4
+                 preamble[9] < preamble[10] && preamble[10] > preamble[11] && // 10
+                 preamble[11] < preamble[12])
+        { // 12
+            // peaks at 1,4,10,12: phase 6
+            high = (preamble[1] + preamble[4] + preamble[10] + preamble[12]) / 4;
+            base_signal = preamble[1] + preamble[4] + preamble[10] + preamble[12];
+            base_noise = preamble[5] + preamble[6] + preamble[7] + preamble[8];
+        }
+        else if (preamble[2] > preamble[3] &&                                 // 1-2
+                 preamble[3] < preamble[4] && preamble[4] > preamble[5] &&    // 4
+                 preamble[9] < preamble[10] && preamble[10] > preamble[11] && // 10
+                 preamble[11] < preamble[12])
+        { // 12
+            // peaks at 1-2,4,10,12: phase 7
+            high = (preamble[1] + preamble[2] + preamble[4] + preamble[10] + preamble[12]) / 4;
+            base_signal = preamble[4] + preamble[10] + preamble[12];
+            base_noise = preamble[6] + preamble[7] + preamble[8];
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // no suitable peaks
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Check for enough signal
+        if (base_signal * 2 < 3 * base_noise) // about 3.5dB SNR
+            continue;
+
+        // Check that the "quiet" bits 6,7,15,16,17 are actually quiet
+        if (preamble[5] >= high ||
+            preamble[6] >= high ||
+            preamble[7] >= high ||
+            preamble[8] >= high ||
+            preamble[14] >= high ||
+            preamble[15] >= high ||
+            preamble[16] >= high ||
+            preamble[17] >= high ||
+            preamble[18] >= high)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // // try all phases
+        // Modes.stats_current.demod_preambles++;
+        // bestmsg = NULL; bestscore = -2; bestphase = -1;
+        for (int try_phase = 4; try_phase <= 8; ++try_phase)
+        {
+            uint16_t *pPtr;
+            int phase, i, bytelen;
+
+            // Decode all the next 112 bits, regardless of the actual message
+            // size. We'll check the actual message type later
+
+            pPtr = &mag[j + 19] + (try_phase / 5);
+            phase = try_phase % 5;
+
+            bytelen = MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES;
+            for (i = 0; i < bytelen; ++i)
+            {
+                uint8_t theByte = 0;
+
+                switch (phase)
+                {
+                case 0:
+                    theByte =
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr) > 0 ? 0x80 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 2) > 0 ? 0x40 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 4) > 0 ? 0x20 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 7) > 0 ? 0x10 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 9) > 0 ? 0x08 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 12) > 0 ? 0x04 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 14) > 0 ? 0x02 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 16) > 0 ? 0x01 : 0);
+
+                    phase = 1;
+                    pPtr += 19;
+                    break;
+
+                case 1:
+                    theByte =
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr) > 0 ? 0x80 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 2) > 0 ? 0x40 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 5) > 0 ? 0x20 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 7) > 0 ? 0x10 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 9) > 0 ? 0x08 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 12) > 0 ? 0x04 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 14) > 0 ? 0x02 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 17) > 0 ? 0x01 : 0);
+
+                    phase = 2;
+                    pPtr += 19;
+                    break;
+
+                case 2:
+                    theByte =
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr) > 0 ? 0x80 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 2) > 0 ? 0x40 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 5) > 0 ? 0x20 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 7) > 0 ? 0x10 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 10) > 0 ? 0x08 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 12) > 0 ? 0x04 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 14) > 0 ? 0x02 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 17) > 0 ? 0x01 : 0);
+
+                    phase = 3;
+                    pPtr += 19;
+                    break;
+
+                case 3:
+                    theByte =
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr) > 0 ? 0x80 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 3) > 0 ? 0x40 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 5) > 0 ? 0x20 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 7) > 0 ? 0x10 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 10) > 0 ? 0x08 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 12) > 0 ? 0x04 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 15) > 0 ? 0x02 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 17) > 0 ? 0x01 : 0);
+
+                    phase = 4;
+                    pPtr += 19;
+                    break;
+
+                case 4:
+                    theByte =
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr) > 0 ? 0x80 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 3) > 0 ? 0x40 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 5) > 0 ? 0x20 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase0(pPtr + 8) > 0 ? 0x10 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase2(pPtr + 10) > 0 ? 0x08 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase4(pPtr + 12) > 0 ? 0x04 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase1(pPtr + 15) > 0 ? 0x02 : 0) |
+                        (slice_phase3(pPtr + 17) > 0 ? 0x01 : 0);
+
+                    phase = 0;
+                    pPtr += 20;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                msg[i] = theByte;
+                if (i == 0)
+                {
+                    switch (msg[0] >> 3)
+                    {
+                    case 0:
+                    case 4:
+                    case 5:
+                    case 11:
+                        bytelen = MODES_SHORT_MSG_BYTES;
+                        *len_msg = MODES_SHORT_MSG_BYTES;
+                        break;
+
+                    case 16:
+                    case 17:
+                    case 18:
+                    case 20:
+                    case 21:
+                    case 24:
+                        *len_msg = MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES;
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        bytelen = 1; // unknown DF, give up immediately
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return j + 1;
+        }
+
+        // Score the mode S message and see if it's any good.
+        // score = scoreModesMessage(msg, i*8);
+        // if (score > bestscore) {
+        //     // new high score!
+        //     bestmsg = msg;
+        //     bestscore = score;
+        //     bestphase = try_phase;
+        //     // swap to using the other buffer so we don't clobber our demodulated data
+        //     // (if we find a better result then we'll swap back, but that's OK because
+        //     // we no longer need this copy if we found a better one)
+        //     msg = (msg == msg1) ? msg2 : msg1;
+        // }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}

pyModeS/extra/demod2400/demod2400.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#ifndef __DEMOD_2400_H__
+#define __DEMOD_2400_H__
+
+#define MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES     14
+#define MODES_SHORT_MSG_BYTES    7
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+int demodulate2400(uint16_t *mag, uint8_t *msg, int len_mag, int* len_msg);
+
+#endif

pyModeS/extra/demod2400/rtlreader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import time
+import traceback
+import numpy as np
+import pyModeS as pms
+from pyModeS.extra.demod2400 import demod2400
+
+
+try:
+    import rtlsdr  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    print(
+        "------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+    )
+    print(
+        "! Warning: pyrtlsdr not installed (required for using RTL-SDR devices) !"
+    )
+    print(
+        "------------------------------------------------------------------------"
+    )
+
+modes_frequency = 1090e6
+sampling_rate = 2.4e6
+buffer_size = 16 * 16384
+read_size = buffer_size / 2
+
+
+class RtlReader(object):
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(RtlReader, self).__init__()
+        self.signal_buffer = []  # amplitude of the sample only
+        self.sdr = rtlsdr.RtlSdr()
+        self.sdr.sample_rate = sampling_rate
+        self.sdr.center_freq = modes_frequency
+        self.sdr.gain = "auto"
+
+        self.debug = kwargs.get("debug", False)
+        self.raw_pipe_in = None
+        self.stop_flag = False
+        self.exception_queue = None
+
+    def _process_buffer(self):
+        """process raw IQ data in the buffer"""
+
+        # Mode S messages
+        messages = []
+
+        data = (np.array(self.signal_buffer) * 65535).astype(np.uint16)
+
+        for s in demod2400(data, self.timestamp):
+            if s["payload"] is None:
+                idx = s["index"]
+                # reset the buffer
+                self.signal_buffer = self.signal_buffer[idx:]
+                self.timestamp = s["timestamp"]
+                break
+            if self._check_msg(s["payload"]):
+                messages.append([s["payload"], time.time()])  # s["timestamp"]])
+            if self.debug:
+                self._debug_msg(s["payload"])
+
+        self.timestamp = s["timestamp"]
+        return messages
+
+    def _check_msg(self, msg):
+        df = pms.df(msg)
+        msglen = len(msg)
+        if df == 17 and msglen == 28:
+            if pms.crc(msg) == 0:
+                return True
+        elif df in [20, 21] and msglen == 28:
+            return True
+        elif df in [4, 5, 11] and msglen == 14:
+            return True
+
+    def _debug_msg(self, msg):
+        df = pms.df(msg)
+        msglen = len(msg)
+        if df == 17 and msglen == 28:
+            print(msg, pms.icao(msg), df, pms.crc(msg))
+            print(pms.tell(msg))
+        elif df in [20, 21] and msglen == 28:
+            print(msg, pms.icao(msg), df)
+        elif df in [4, 5, 11] and msglen == 14:
+            print(msg, pms.icao(msg), df)
+        else:
+            # print("[*]", msg)
+            pass
+
+    def _read_callback(self, data, rtlsdr_obj):
+        amp = np.absolute(data)
+        self.signal_buffer.extend(amp.tolist())
+
+        if len(self.signal_buffer) >= buffer_size:
+            messages = self._process_buffer()
+            self.handle_messages(messages)
+
+    def handle_messages(self, messages):
+        """re-implement this method to handle the messages"""
+        for msg, t in messages:
+            # print("%15.9f %s" % (t, msg))
+            pass
+
+    def stop(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.sdr.close()
+
+    def run(self, raw_pipe_in=None, stop_flag=None, exception_queue=None):
+        self.raw_pipe_in = raw_pipe_in
+        self.exception_queue = exception_queue
+        self.stop_flag = stop_flag
+
+        try:
+            # raise RuntimeError("test exception")
+            self.timestamp = time.time()
+
+            while True:
+                data = self.sdr.read_samples(read_size)
+                self._read_callback(data, None)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            tb = traceback.format_exc()
+            if self.exception_queue is not None:
+                self.exception_queue.put(tb)
+            raise e
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import signal
+
+    rtl = RtlReader()
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, rtl.stop)
+
+    rtl.debug = True
+    rtl.run()

pyModeS/extra/rtlreader.py

@@ -1,90 +1,120 @@
+import time
+import traceback
 import numpy as np
 import pyModeS as pms
-from rtlsdr import RtlSdr
-import time
 
-modes_sample_rate = 2e6
+try:
+    import rtlsdr  # type: ignore
+except:
+    print("------------------------------------------------------------------------")
+    print("! Warning: pyrtlsdr not installed (required for using RTL-SDR devices) !")
+    print("------------------------------------------------------------------------")
+
+sampling_rate = 2e6
+smaples_per_microsec = 2
+
 modes_frequency = 1090e6
-buffer_size = 1024 * 100
+buffer_size = 1024 * 200
-read_size = 1024 * 20
+read_size = 1024 * 100
 
 pbits = 8
 fbits = 112
 preamble = [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
-th_amp = 0.2  # signal amplitude threshold for 0 and 1 bit
 th_amp_diff = 0.8  # signal amplitude threshold difference between 0 and 1 bit
 
 
 class RtlReader(object):
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super(RtlReader, self).__init__()
-        self.signal_buffer = []
+        self.signal_buffer = []  # amplitude of the sample only
-        self.sdr = RtlSdr()
+        self.sdr = rtlsdr.RtlSdr()
-        self.sdr.sample_rate = modes_sample_rate
+        self.sdr.sample_rate = sampling_rate
         self.sdr.center_freq = modes_frequency
         self.sdr.gain = "auto"
-        # sdr.freq_correction = 75
 
         self.debug = kwargs.get("debug", False)
         self.raw_pipe_in = None
         self.stop_flag = False
+        self.noise_floor = 1e6
+
+        self.exception_queue = None
+
+    def _calc_noise(self):
+        """Calculate noise floor"""
+        window = smaples_per_microsec * 100
+        total_len = len(self.signal_buffer)
+        means = (
+            np.array(self.signal_buffer[: total_len // window * window])
+            .reshape(-1, window)
+            .mean(axis=1)
+        )
+        return min(means)
 
     def _process_buffer(self):
+        """process raw IQ data in the buffer"""
+
+        # update noise floor
+        self.noise_floor = min(self._calc_noise(), self.noise_floor)
+
+        # set minimum signal amplitude
+        min_sig_amp = 3.162 * self.noise_floor  # 10 dB SNR
+
+        # Mode S messages
         messages = []
 
-        # signal_array = np.array(self.signal_buffer)
-        # pulses_array = np.where(np.array(self.signal_buffer) < th_amp, 0, 1)
-        # pulses = "".join(str(x) for x in pulses_array)
         buffer_length = len(self.signal_buffer)
 
         i = 0
         while i < buffer_length:
-            if self.signal_buffer[i] < th_amp:
+            if self.signal_buffer[i] < min_sig_amp:
                 i += 1
                 continue
 
-            # if pulses[i : i + pbits * 2] == preamble:
             if self._check_preamble(self.signal_buffer[i : i + pbits * 2]):
                 frame_start = i + pbits * 2
                 frame_end = i + pbits * 2 + (fbits + 1) * 2
                 frame_length = (fbits + 1) * 2
                 frame_pulses = self.signal_buffer[frame_start:frame_end]
 
-                msgbin = ""
+                threshold = max(frame_pulses) * 0.2
+
+                msgbin = []
                 for j in range(0, frame_length, 2):
                     p2 = frame_pulses[j : j + 2]
                     if len(p2) < 2:
                         break
 
-                    if p2[0] < th_amp and p2[1] < th_amp:
+                    if p2[0] < threshold and p2[1] < threshold:
                         break
                     elif p2[0] >= p2[1]:
-                        c = "1"
+                        c = 1
                     elif p2[0] < p2[1]:
-                        c = "0"
+                        c = 0
                     else:
-                        msgbin = ""
+                        msgbin = []
                         break
-                    msgbin += c
+
+                    msgbin.append(c)
 
                 # advance i with a jump
                 i = frame_start + j
 
                 if len(msgbin) > 0:
-                    msghex = pms.bin2hex(msgbin)
+                    msghex = pms.bin2hex("".join([str(i) for i in msgbin]))
                     if self._check_msg(msghex):
                         messages.append([msghex, time.time()])
                     if self.debug:
                         self._debug_msg(msghex)
 
-            elif i > buffer_length - 500:
+            # elif i > buffer_length - 500:
-                # save some for next process
+            #     # save some for next process
-                break
+            #     break
             else:
                 i += 1
 
-        # keep reminder of buffer for next iteration
+        # reset the buffer
         self.signal_buffer = self.signal_buffer[i:]
+
         return messages
 
     def _check_preamble(self, pulses):
@@ -122,10 +152,8 @@ class RtlReader(object):
             pass
 
     def _read_callback(self, data, rtlsdr_obj):
-        # scaling signal (imporatant)
         amp = np.absolute(data)
-        amp_norm = np.interp(amp, (amp.min(), amp.max()), (0, 1))
+        self.signal_buffer.extend(amp.tolist())
-        self.signal_buffer.extend(amp_norm.tolist())
 
         if len(self.signal_buffer) >= buffer_size:
             messages = self._process_buffer()
@@ -138,18 +166,25 @@ class RtlReader(object):
             pass
 
     def stop(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self.sdr.cancel_read_async()
+        self.sdr.close()
 
-    def run(self, raw_pipe_in=None, stop_flag=None):
+    def run(self, raw_pipe_in=None, stop_flag=None, exception_queue=None):
         self.raw_pipe_in = raw_pipe_in
+        self.exception_queue = exception_queue
         self.stop_flag = stop_flag
-        self.sdr.read_samples_async(self._read_callback, read_size)
 
-        # count = 1
+        try:
-        # while count < 1000:
+            # raise RuntimeError("test exception")
-        #     count += 1
+
-        #     data = self.sdr.read_samples(read_size)
+            while True:
-        #     self._read_callback(data, None)
+                data = self.sdr.read_samples(read_size)
+                self._read_callback(data, None)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            tb = traceback.format_exc()
+            if self.exception_queue is not None:
+                self.exception_queue.put(tb)
+            raise e
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

pyModeS/extra/tcpclient.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """Stream beast raw data from a TCP server, convert to mode-s messages."""
 
-from __future__ import print_function, division
 import os
 import sys
 import time
@@ -8,11 +7,6 @@ import pyModeS as pms
 import traceback
 import zmq
 
-if sys.version_info > (3, 0):
-    PY_VERSION = 3
-else:
-    PY_VERSION = 2
-
 
 class TcpClient(object):
     def __init__(self, host, port, datatype):
@@ -29,6 +23,8 @@ class TcpClient(object):
         self.raw_pipe_in = None
         self.stop_flag = False
 
+        self.exception_queue = None
+
     def connect(self):
         self.socket = zmq.Context().socket(zmq.STREAM)
         self.socket.setsockopt(zmq.LINGER, 0)
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ class TcpClient(object):
         self.socket.connect("tcp://%s:%s" % (self.host, self.port))
 
     def stop(self):
-        self.socket.disconnect()
+        self.socket.close()
 
     def read_raw_buffer(self):
         """ Read raw ADS-B data type.
@@ -170,7 +166,7 @@ class TcpClient(object):
               Start character '$'
 
             MS field - Payload
-            Postion 1 through 14:
+            Position 1 through 14:
               14 bytes = 112 bits
               Mode-S payload
               In case of DF types that only carry 7 bytes of information
@@ -254,8 +250,9 @@ class TcpClient(object):
         for msg, t in messages:
             print("%15.9f %s" % (t, msg))
 
-    def run(self, raw_pipe_in=None, stop_flag=None):
+    def run(self, raw_pipe_in=None, stop_flag=None, exception_queue=None):
         self.raw_pipe_in = raw_pipe_in
+        self.exception_queue = exception_queue
         self.stop_flag = stop_flag
         self.connect()
 
@@ -263,17 +260,9 @@ class TcpClient(object):
             try:
                 received = [i for i in self.socket.recv(4096)]
 
-                if PY_VERSION == 2:
-                    received = [ord(i) for i in received]
-
                 self.buffer.extend(received)
                 # print(''.join(x.encode('hex') for x in self.buffer))
 
-                # process self.buffer when it is longer enough
-                # if len(self.buffer) < 2048:
-                #     continue
-                # -- Removed!! Cause delay in low data rate scenario --
-
                 if self.datatype == "beast":
                     messages = self.read_beast_buffer()
                 elif self.datatype == "raw":
@@ -286,22 +275,15 @@ class TcpClient(object):
                 else:
                     self.handle_messages(messages)
 
-            except Exception as e:
+                # raise RuntimeError("test exception")
-                # Provides the user an option to supply the environment
-                # variable PYMODES_DEBUG to halt the execution
-                # for debugging purposes
-                debug_intent = os.environ.get("PYMODES_DEBUG", "false")
-                if debug_intent.lower() == "true":
-                    traceback.print_exc()
-                    sys.exit()
-                else:
-                    print("Unexpected Error:", e)
 
-                try:
+            except zmq.error.Again:
-                    sock = self.connect()
+                continue
-                    time.sleep(1)
+            except Exception as e:
-                except Exception as e:
+                tb = traceback.format_exc()
-                    print("Unexpected Error:", e)
+                if self.exception_queue is not None:
+                    self.exception_queue.put(tb)
+                raise e
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -310,4 +292,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     port = int(sys.argv[2])
     datatype = sys.argv[3]
     client = TcpClient(host=host, port=port, datatype=datatype)
-    client.run()
+    try:
+        client.run()
+    finally:
+        client.stop()

pyModeS/py_common.py

@@ -1,61 +1,46 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function, division
+from typing import Optional
+
 import numpy as np
 from textwrap import wrap
 
 
-def hex2bin(hexstr):
+def hex2bin(hexstr: str) -> str:
-    """Convert a hexdecimal string to binary string, with zero fillings."""
+    """Convert a hexadecimal string to binary string, with zero fillings."""
     num_of_bits = len(hexstr) * 4
     binstr = bin(int(hexstr, 16))[2:].zfill(int(num_of_bits))
     return binstr
 
 
-def hex2int(hexstr):
+def hex2int(hexstr: str) -> int:
-    """Convert a hexdecimal string to integer."""
+    """Convert a hexadecimal string to integer."""
     return int(hexstr, 16)
 
 
-def int2hex(n):
+def bin2int(binstr: str) -> int:
-    """Convert a integer to hexadecimal string."""
-    # strip 'L' for python 2
-    return hex(n)[2:].rjust(6, "0").upper().rstrip("L")
-
-
-def bin2int(binstr):
     """Convert a binary string to integer."""
     return int(binstr, 2)
 
 
-def bin2hex(hexstr):
+def bin2hex(binstr: str) -> str:
-    """Convert a hexdecimal string to integer."""
+    """Convert a binary string to hexadecimal string."""
-    return int2hex(bin2int(hexstr))
+    return "{0:X}".format(int(binstr, 2))
 
 
-def bin2np(binstr):
+def df(msg: str) -> int:
-    """Convert a binary string to numpy array."""
+    """Decode Downlink Format value, bits 1 to 5."""
-    return np.array([int(i) for i in binstr])
+    dfbin = hex2bin(msg[:2])
+    return min(bin2int(dfbin[0:5]), 24)
 
 
-def np2bin(npbin):
+def crc(msg: str, encode: bool = False) -> int:
-    """Convert a binary numpy array to string."""
-    return np.array2string(npbin, separator="")[1:-1]
-
-
-def df(msg):
-    """Decode Downlink Format vaule, bits 1 to 5."""
-    msgbin = hex2bin(msg)
-    return min(bin2int(msgbin[0:5]), 24)
-
-
-def crc(msg, encode=False):
     """Mode-S Cyclic Redundancy Check.
 
     Detect if bit error occurs in the Mode-S message. When encode option is on,
     the checksum is generated.
 
     Args:
-        msg (string): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
+        msg: 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
-        encode (bool): True to encode the date only and return the checksum
+        encode: True to encode the date only and return the checksum
     Returns:
         int: message checksum, or partity bits (encoder)
 
@@ -92,7 +77,7 @@ def crc(msg, encode=False):
     return result
 
 
-def crc_legacy(msg, encode=False):
+def crc_legacy(msg: str, encode: bool = False) -> int:
     """Mode-S Cyclic Redundancy Check. (Legacy code, 2x slow)."""
     # the polynominal generattor code for CRC [1111111111111010000001001]
     generator = np.array(
@@ -100,7 +85,7 @@ def crc_legacy(msg, encode=False):
     )
     ng = len(generator)
 
-    msgnpbin = bin2np(hex2bin(msg))
+    msgnpbin = np.array([int(i) for i in hex2bin(msg)])
 
     if encode:
         msgnpbin[-24:] = [0] * 24
@@ -114,11 +99,13 @@ def crc_legacy(msg, encode=False):
         msgnpbin[i : i + ng] = np.bitwise_xor(msgnpbin[i : i + ng], generator)
 
     # last 24 bits
-    reminder = bin2int(np2bin(msgnpbin[-24:]))
+    msgbin = np.array2string(msgnpbin[-24:], separator="")[1:-1]
+    reminder = bin2int(msgbin)
+
     return reminder
 
 
-def floor(x):
+def floor(x: float) -> int:
     """Mode-S floor function.
 
     Defined as the greatest integer value k, such that k <= x
@@ -128,7 +115,7 @@ def floor(x):
     return int(np.floor(x))
 
 
-def icao(msg):
+def icao(msg: str) -> Optional[str]:
     """Calculate the ICAO address from an Mode-S message.
 
     Applicable only with DF4, DF5, DF20, DF21 messages.
@@ -140,13 +127,14 @@ def icao(msg):
         String: ICAO address in 6 bytes hexadecimal string
 
     """
+    addr: Optional[str]
     DF = df(msg)
 
     if DF in (11, 17, 18):
         addr = msg[2:8]
     elif DF in (0, 4, 5, 16, 20, 21):
         c0 = crc(msg, encode=True)
-        c1 = hex2int(msg[-6:])
+        c1 = int(msg[-6:], 16)
         addr = "%06X" % (c0 ^ c1)
     else:
         addr = None
@@ -154,12 +142,12 @@ def icao(msg):
     return addr
 
 
-def is_icao_assigned(icao):
+def is_icao_assigned(icao: str) -> bool:
     """Check whether the ICAO address is assigned (Annex 10, Vol 3)."""
     if (icao is None) or (not isinstance(icao, str)) or (len(icao) != 6):
         return False
 
-    icaoint = hex2int(icao)
+    icaoint = int(icao, 16)
 
     if 0x200000 < icaoint < 0x27FFFF:
         return False  # AFI
@@ -183,7 +171,7 @@ def is_icao_assigned(icao):
     return True
 
 
-def typecode(msg):
+def typecode(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
     """Type code of ADS-B message
 
     Args:
@@ -195,35 +183,30 @@ def typecode(msg):
     if df(msg) not in (17, 18):
         return None
 
-    msgbin = hex2bin(msg)
+    tcbin = hex2bin(msg[8:10])
-    return bin2int(msgbin[32:37])
+    return bin2int(tcbin[0:5])
 
 
-def cprNL(lat):
+def cprNL(lat: float) -> int:
     """NL() function in CPR decoding."""
 
-    if lat == 0:
+    if np.isclose(lat, 0):
         return 59
-
+    elif np.isclose(abs(lat), 87):
-    if lat == 87 or lat == -87:
         return 2
-
+    elif lat > 87 or lat < -87:
-    if lat > 87 or lat < -87:
         return 1
 
     nz = 15
     a = 1 - np.cos(np.pi / (2 * nz))
-    b = np.cos(np.pi / 180.0 * abs(lat)) ** 2
+    b = np.cos(np.pi / 180 * abs(lat)) ** 2
     nl = 2 * np.pi / (np.arccos(1 - a / b))
     NL = floor(nl)
     return NL
 
 
-def idcode(msg):
+def idcode(msg: str) -> str:
-    """Compute identity (squawk code).
+    """Compute identity code (squawk) encoded in DF5 or DF21 message.
-
-    Applicable only for DF5 or DF21 messages, bit 20-32.
-    credit: @fbyrkjeland
 
     Args:
         msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
@@ -236,20 +219,37 @@ def idcode(msg):
         raise RuntimeError("Message must be Downlink Format 5 or 21.")
 
     mbin = hex2bin(msg)
+    idcodebin = mbin[19:32]
 
-    C1 = mbin[19]
+    return squawk(idcodebin)
-    A1 = mbin[20]
+
-    C2 = mbin[21]
+
-    A2 = mbin[22]
+def squawk(binstr: str) -> str:
-    C4 = mbin[23]
+    """Decode 13 bits identity (squawk) code.
-    A4 = mbin[24]
+
-    # _ = mbin[25]
+    Args:
-    B1 = mbin[26]
+        binstr (String): 13 bits binary string
-    D1 = mbin[27]
+
-    B2 = mbin[28]
+    Returns:
-    D2 = mbin[29]
+        int: altitude in ft
-    B4 = mbin[30]
+
-    D4 = mbin[31]
+    """
+    if len(binstr) != 13 or not set(binstr).issubset(set("01")):
+        raise RuntimeError("Input must be 13 bits binary string")
+
+    C1 = binstr[0]
+    A1 = binstr[1]
+    C2 = binstr[2]
+    A2 = binstr[3]
+    C4 = binstr[4]
+    A4 = binstr[5]
+    # X = binstr[6]
+    B1 = binstr[7]
+    D1 = binstr[8]
+    B2 = binstr[9]
+    D2 = binstr[10]
+    B4 = binstr[11]
+    D4 = binstr[12]
 
     byte1 = int(A4 + A2 + A1, 2)
     byte2 = int(B4 + B2 + B1, 2)
@@ -259,11 +259,8 @@ def idcode(msg):
     return str(byte1) + str(byte2) + str(byte3) + str(byte4)
 
 
-def altcode(msg):
+def altcode(msg: str) -> Optional[int]:
-    """Compute the altitude.
+    """Compute altitude encoded in DF4 or DF20 message.
-
-    Applicable only for DF4 or DF20 message, bit 20-32.
-    credit: @fbyrkjeland
 
     Args:
         msg (String): 28 bytes hexadecimal message string
@@ -272,50 +269,78 @@ def altcode(msg):
         int: altitude in ft
 
     """
+    alt: Optional[int]
+
     if df(msg) not in [0, 4, 16, 20]:
         raise RuntimeError("Message must be Downlink Format 0, 4, 16, or 20.")
 
     # Altitude code, bit 20-32
     mbin = hex2bin(msg)
 
-    mbit = mbin[25]  # M bit: 26
+    altitude_code = mbin[19:32]
-    qbit = mbin[27]  # Q bit: 28
 
-    if mbit == "0":  # unit in ft
+    alt = altitude(altitude_code)
-        if qbit == "1":  # 25ft interval
+
-            vbin = mbin[19:25] + mbin[26] + mbin[28:32]
+    return alt
+
+
+def altitude(binstr: str) -> Optional[int]:
+    """Decode 13 bits altitude code.
+
+    Args:
+        binstr (String): 13 bits binary string
+
+    Returns:
+        int: altitude in ft
+
+    """
+    alt: Optional[int]
+
+    if len(binstr) != 13 or not set(binstr).issubset(set("01")):
+        raise RuntimeError("Input must be 13 bits binary string")
+
+    Mbit = binstr[6]
+    Qbit = binstr[8]
+
+    if bin2int(binstr) == 0:
+        # altitude unknown or invalid
+        alt = None
+
+    elif Mbit == "0":  # unit in ft
+        if Qbit == "1":  # 25ft interval
+            vbin = binstr[:6] + binstr[7] + binstr[9:]
             alt = bin2int(vbin) * 25 - 1000
-        if qbit == "0":  # 100ft interval, above 50175ft
+        if Qbit == "0":  # 100ft interval, above 50187.5ft
-            C1 = mbin[19]
+            C1 = binstr[0]
-            A1 = mbin[20]
+            A1 = binstr[1]
-            C2 = mbin[21]
+            C2 = binstr[2]
-            A2 = mbin[22]
+            A2 = binstr[3]
-            C4 = mbin[23]
+            C4 = binstr[4]
-            A4 = mbin[24]
+            A4 = binstr[5]
-            # _ = mbin[25]
+            # M = binstr[6]
-            B1 = mbin[26]
+            B1 = binstr[7]
-            # D1 = mbin[27]     # always zero
+            # Q = binstr[8]
-            B2 = mbin[28]
+            B2 = binstr[9]
-            D2 = mbin[29]
+            D2 = binstr[10]
-            B4 = mbin[30]
+            B4 = binstr[11]
-            D4 = mbin[31]
+            D4 = binstr[12]
 
             graystr = D2 + D4 + A1 + A2 + A4 + B1 + B2 + B4 + C1 + C2 + C4
             alt = gray2alt(graystr)
 
-    if mbit == "1":  # unit in meter
+    if Mbit == "1":  # unit in meter
-        vbin = mbin[19:25] + mbin[26:31]
+        vbin = binstr[:6] + binstr[7:]
         alt = int(bin2int(vbin) * 3.28084)  # convert to ft
 
     return alt
 
 
-def gray2alt(codestr):
+def gray2alt(binstr: str) -> Optional[int]:
-    gc500 = codestr[:8]
+    gc500 = binstr[:8]
     n500 = gray2int(gc500)
 
     # in 100-ft step must be converted first
-    gc100 = codestr[8:]
+    gc100 = binstr[8:]
     n100 = gray2int(gc100)
 
     if n100 in [0, 5, 6]:
@@ -331,9 +356,9 @@ def gray2alt(codestr):
     return alt
 
 
-def gray2int(graystr):
+def gray2int(binstr: str) -> int:
     """Convert greycode to binary."""
-    num = bin2int(graystr)
+    num = bin2int(binstr)
     num ^= num >> 8
     num ^= num >> 4
     num ^= num >> 2
@@ -341,12 +366,12 @@ def gray2int(graystr):
     return num
 
 
-def data(msg):
+def data(msg: str) -> str:
     """Return the data frame in the message, bytes 9 to 22."""
     return msg[8:-6]
 
 
-def allzeros(msg):
+def allzeros(msg: str) -> bool:
     """Check if the data bits are all zeros.
 
     Args:
@@ -364,7 +389,7 @@ def allzeros(msg):
         return True
 
 
-def wrongstatus(data, sb, msb, lsb):
+def wrongstatus(data: str, sb: int, msb: int, lsb: int) -> bool:
     """Check if the status bit and field bits are consistency.
 
     This Function is used for checking BDS code versions.
@@ -379,3 +404,85 @@ def wrongstatus(data, sb, msb, lsb):
             return True
 
     return False
+
+
+def fs(msg):
+    """Decode flight status for DF 4, 5, 20, and 21.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: flight status, description
+
+    """
+    msgbin = hex2bin(msg)
+    fs = bin2int(msgbin[5:8])
+    text = None
+
+    if fs == 0:
+        text = "no alert, no SPI, aircraft is airborne"
+    elif fs == 1:
+        text = "no alert, no SPI, aircraft is on-ground"
+    elif fs == 2:
+        text = "alert, no SPI, aircraft is airborne"
+    elif fs == 3:
+        text = "alert, no SPI, aircraft is on-ground"
+    elif fs == 4:
+        text = "alert, SPI, aircraft is airborne or on-ground"
+    elif fs == 5:
+        text = "no alert, SPI, aircraft is airborne or on-ground"
+
+    return fs, text
+
+
+def dr(msg):
+    """Decode downlink request for DF 4, 5, 20, and 21.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: downlink request, description
+
+    """
+    msgbin = hex2bin(msg)
+    dr = bin2int(msgbin[8:13])
+
+    text = None
+
+    if dr == 0:
+        text = "no downlink request"
+    elif dr == 1:
+        text = "request to send Comm-B message"
+    elif dr == 4:
+        text = "Comm-B broadcast 1 available"
+    elif dr == 5:
+        text = "Comm-B broadcast 2 available"
+    elif dr >= 16:
+        text = "ELM downlink segments available: {}".format(dr - 15)
+
+    return dr, text
+
+
+def um(msg):
+    """Decode utility message for DF 4, 5, 20, and 21.
+
+    Utility message contains interrogator identifier and reservation type.
+
+    Args:
+        msg (str): 14 hexdigits string
+    Returns:
+        int, str: interrogator identifier code that triggered the reply, and
+        reservation type made by the interrogator
+    """
+    msgbin = hex2bin(msg)
+    iis = bin2int(msgbin[13:17])
+    ids = bin2int(msgbin[17:19])
+    if ids == 0:
+        ids_text = None
+    if ids == 1:
+        ids_text = "Comm-B interrogator identifier code"
+    if ids == 2:
+        ids_text = "Comm-C interrogator identifier code"
+    if ids == 3:
+        ids_text = "Comm-D interrogator identifier code"
+    return iis, ids, ids_text