diff --git a/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.test.tsx b/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.test.tsx
index 8d750e4f..18bcf080 100644
--- a/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.test.tsx
+++ b/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.test.tsx
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ test("Can can lower hand", () => {
   const { getByRole, getByText, container } = render(
     <TestComponent rtcSession={rtcSession} room={room} />,
   );
-  const reactionEvent = room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, membership);
+  const reactionEvent = room.testSendHandRaise(memberEventAlice, membership);
   act(() => {
     getByRole("button").click();
   });
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ test("Can search for and send emoji with the keyboard", async () => {
   const user = userEvent.setup();
   const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice);
   const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
-  const { getByText, getByRole, getByPlaceholderText, container } = render(
+  const { getByRole, getByPlaceholderText, container } = render(
     <TestComponent rtcSession={rtcSession} room={room} />,
   );
   act(() => {
diff --git a/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.tsx b/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.tsx
index fbfe1d36..f61b7289 100644
--- a/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.tsx
+++ b/src/button/ReactionToggleButton.tsx
@@ -21,12 +21,9 @@ import {
   ChangeEventHandler,
   ComponentPropsWithoutRef,
   FC,
-  FormEventHandler,
-  KeyboardEvent,
   KeyboardEventHandler,
   ReactNode,
   useCallback,
-  useEffect,
   useMemo,
   useState,
 } from "react";
diff --git a/src/room/InCallView.tsx b/src/room/InCallView.tsx
index fb64cb88..9c9c8383 100644
--- a/src/room/InCallView.tsx
+++ b/src/room/InCallView.tsx
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ export const InCallView: FC<InCallViewProps> = ({
     containerRef1,
     toggleMicrophone,
     toggleCamera,
-    (muted) => muteStates.audio.setEnabled?.(!muteprefered),
+    (muted) => muteStates.audio.setEnabled?.(!muted),
   );
 
   const mobile = boundsValid && bounds.width <= 660;
diff --git a/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.test.tsx b/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6be08a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 New Vector Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { act, render } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { TooltipProvider } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
+
+import {
+  MockRoom,
+  MockRTCSession,
+  TestReactionsWrapper,
+} from "../utils/testReactions";
+import { ReactionsAudioRenderer } from "./ReactionAudioRenderer";
+import { ReactionSet } from "../reactions";
+
+const memberUserIdAlice = "@alice:example.org";
+const memberUserIdBob = "@bob:example.org";
+const memberUserIdCharlie = "@charlie:example.org";
+const memberEventAlice = "$membership-alice:example.org";
+const memberEventBob = "$membership-bob:example.org";
+const memberEventCharlie = "$membership-charlie:example.org";
+
+const membership: Record<string, string> = {
+  [memberEventAlice]: memberUserIdAlice,
+  [memberEventBob]: memberUserIdBob,
+  [memberEventCharlie]: memberUserIdCharlie,
+};
+
+function TestComponent({ rtcSession }: { rtcSession: MockRTCSession }) {
+  return (
+    <TooltipProvider>
+      <TestReactionsWrapper rtcSession={rtcSession}>
+        <ReactionsAudioRenderer />
+      </TestReactionsWrapper>
+    </TooltipProvider>
+  );
+}
+
+test("defaults to no audio elements", async () => {
+  const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(
+    new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice),
+    membership,
+  );
+  const { container } = render(<TestComponent rtcSession={rtcSession} />);
+  expect(container.getElementsByTagName("audio")).toHaveLength(0);
+});
+
+test("will play an audio sound when there is a reaction", async () => {
+  const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice);
+  const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
+  const { container } = render(<TestComponent rtcSession={rtcSession} />);
+
+  // Find the first reaction with a sound effect
+  const chosenReaction = ReactionSet.find((r) => !!r.sound);
+  if (!chosenReaction) {
+    throw Error(
+      "No reactions have sounds configured, this test cannot succeed",
+    );
+  }
+  act(() =>
+    room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, chosenReaction, membership),
+  );
+  const elements = container.getElementsByTagName("audio");
+  expect(elements).toHaveLength(1);
+  const audioElement = elements[0];
+
+  expect(audioElement.autoplay).toBe(true);
+
+  const sources = audioElement.getElementsByTagName("source");
+  expect(sources).toHaveLength(2);
+
+  // The element will be the full URL, whereas the chosenReaction will have the path.
+  expect(sources[0].src).toContain(chosenReaction.sound?.ogg);
+  expect(sources[1].src).toContain(chosenReaction.sound?.mp3);
+});
+
+test("will play multiple audio sounds when there are multiple different reactions", async () => {
+  const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice);
+  const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
+  const { container } = render(<TestComponent rtcSession={rtcSession} />);
+
+  // Find the first reaction with a sound effect
+  const [reaction1, reaction2] = ReactionSet.filter((r) => !!r.sound);
+  if (!reaction1 || !reaction2) {
+    throw Error(
+      "No reactions have sounds configured, this test cannot succeed",
+    );
+  }
+  act(() => {
+    room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, reaction1, membership);
+    room.testSendReaction(memberEventBob, reaction2, membership);
+    room.testSendReaction(memberEventCharlie, reaction1, membership);
+  });
+  const elements = container.getElementsByTagName("audio");
+  // Do not play the same reaction twice.
+  expect(elements).toHaveLength(2);
+});
diff --git a/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.tsx b/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.tsx
index 04f4bf8b..e362b606 100644
--- a/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.tsx
+++ b/src/room/ReactionAudioRenderer.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { ReactNode } from "react";
+import { ReactNode, useMemo } from "react";
 
 import { useReactions } from "../useReactions";
 import { playReactionsSound, useSetting } from "../settings/settings";
@@ -14,9 +14,20 @@ export function ReactionsAudioRenderer(): ReactNode {
   const { reactions } = useReactions();
   const [shouldPlay] = useSetting(playReactionsSound);
 
-  const expectedReactions = shouldPlay
-    ? [...new Set([...Object.values(reactions)])]
-    : [];
+  const expectedReactions = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!shouldPlay) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    const reactionsToPlayNames = new Set();
+    return Object.values(reactions).filter((r) => {
+      if (reactionsToPlayNames.has(r.name)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      reactionsToPlayNames.add(r.name);
+      return true;
+    });
+  }, [shouldPlay, reactions]);
+
   return (
     <>
       {expectedReactions.map(
diff --git a/src/useReactions.test.tsx b/src/useReactions.test.tsx
index f9b323fd..6e5d06de 100644
--- a/src/useReactions.test.tsx
+++ b/src/useReactions.test.tsx
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { RoomEvent } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
 
 import { useReactions } from "./useReactions";
 import {
-  createReaction,
+  createHandRaisedReaction,
   createRedaction,
   MockRoom,
   MockRTCSession,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
         <TestComponent />
       </TestReactionsWrapper>,
     );
-    await act(() => room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, membership));
+    await act(() => room.testSendHandRaise(memberEventAlice, membership));
     expect(queryByText("Local reaction")).toBeTruthy();
   });
   test("handles incoming raised hand", async () => {
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
         <TestComponent />
       </TestReactionsWrapper>,
     );
-    await act(() => room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, membership));
+    await act(() => room.testSendHandRaise(memberEventAlice, membership));
     expect(queryByRole("list")?.children).to.have.lengthOf(1);
-    await act(() => room.testSendReaction(memberEventBob, membership));
+    await act(() => room.testSendHandRaise(memberEventBob, membership));
     expect(queryByRole("list")?.children).to.have.lengthOf(2);
   });
   test("handles incoming unraised hand", async () => {
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
       </TestReactionsWrapper>,
     );
     const reactionEventId = await act(() =>
-      room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
+      room.testSendHandRaise(memberEventAlice, membership),
     );
     expect(queryByRole("list")?.children).to.have.lengthOf(1);
     await act(() =>
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
   });
   test("handles loading prior raised hand events", () => {
     const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice, [
-      createReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
+      createHandRaisedReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
     ]);
     const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
     const { queryByRole } = render(
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
   // the raised hand event.
   test("will remove reaction when a member leaves the call", () => {
     const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice, [
-      createReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
+      createHandRaisedReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
     ]);
     const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
     const { queryByRole } = render(
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
   });
   test("will remove reaction when a member joins via a new event", () => {
     const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice, [
-      createReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
+      createHandRaisedReaction(memberEventAlice, membership),
     ]);
     const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
     const { queryByRole } = render(
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
   });
   test("ignores invalid sender for historic event", () => {
     const room = new MockRoom(memberUserIdAlice, [
-      createReaction(memberEventAlice, memberUserIdBob),
+      createHandRaisedReaction(memberEventAlice, memberUserIdBob),
     ]);
     const rtcSession = new MockRTCSession(room, membership);
     const { queryByRole } = render(
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe("useReactions", () => {
         <TestComponent />
       </TestReactionsWrapper>,
     );
-    await act(() => room.testSendReaction(memberEventAlice, memberUserIdBob));
+    await act(() => room.testSendHandRaise(memberEventAlice, memberUserIdBob));
     expect(queryByRole("list")?.children).to.have.lengthOf(0);
   });
 });
diff --git a/src/utils/testReactions.tsx b/src/utils/testReactions.tsx
index 8efbce41..99557e8a 100644
--- a/src/utils/testReactions.tsx
+++ b/src/utils/testReactions.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { PropsWithChildren, ReactNode } from "react";
 import { randomUUID } from "crypto";
 import EventEmitter from "events";
 import { MatrixClient } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/client";
-import { EventType, RoomEvent } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
+import { EventType, RoomEvent, RelationType } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
 import {
   MatrixEvent,
   EventTimeline,
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ import {
 } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrixrtc";
 
 import { ReactionsProvider } from "../useReactions";
+import {
+  ECallReactionEventContent,
+  ElementCallReactionEventType,
+  ReactionOption,
+} from "../reactions";
 
 export const TestReactionsWrapper = ({
   rtcSession,
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ export class MockRTCSession extends EventEmitter {
   }
 }
 
-export function createReaction(
+export function createHandRaisedReaction(
   parentMemberEvent: string,
   membershipOrOverridenSender: Record<string, string> | string,
 ): MatrixEvent {
@@ -149,19 +154,43 @@ export class MockRoom extends EventEmitter {
     } as unknown as Room["relations"];
   }
 
-  public testSendReaction(
-    parentMemberEvent: string,
-    overridenSender: string,
-  ): string;
-  public testSendReaction(
-    parentMemberEvent: string,
-    membershipOrOverridenSender: Record<string, string>,
-  ): string;
-  public testSendReaction(
+  public testSendHandRaise(
     parentMemberEvent: string,
     membershipOrOverridenSender: Record<string, string> | string,
   ): string {
-    const evt = createReaction(parentMemberEvent, membershipOrOverridenSender);
+    const evt = createHandRaisedReaction(
+      parentMemberEvent,
+      membershipOrOverridenSender,
+    );
+    this.emit(RoomEvent.Timeline, evt, this, undefined, false, {
+      timeline: new EventTimeline(new EventTimelineSet(undefined)),
+    });
+    return evt.getId()!;
+  }
+
+  public testSendReaction(
+    parentMemberEvent: string,
+    reaction: ReactionOption,
+    membershipOrOverridenSender: Record<string, string> | string,
+  ): string {
+    const evt = new MatrixEvent({
+      sender:
+        typeof membershipOrOverridenSender === "string"
+          ? membershipOrOverridenSender
+          : membershipOrOverridenSender[parentMemberEvent],
+      type: ElementCallReactionEventType,
+      origin_server_ts: new Date().getTime(),
+      content: {
+        "m.relates_to": {
+          rel_type: RelationType.Reference,
+          event_id: parentMemberEvent,
+        },
+        emoji: reaction.emoji,
+        name: reaction.name,
+      } satisfies ECallReactionEventContent,
+      event_id: randomUUID(),
+    });
+
     this.emit(RoomEvent.Timeline, evt, this, undefined, false, {
       timeline: new EventTimeline(new EventTimelineSet(undefined)),
     });