Offer background effects as a grid in the camera menu

- The camera menu's blur toggle becomes a Background effects section
  under the cameras: no effect, blur and the two shipped backgrounds as
  one radio choice of tiles, three across. It scrolls with the device
  list, so it stays reachable in a short call, and choosing keeps the
  menu open. The lobby gets it too, as both render the same footer.
- The footer's view model gives the options, the notice and the actions;
  the footer only names them.
- Each tile is Compound's MenuItem as a menuitemradio, styled as a tile.
  Compound makes it an item of the dropdown, so the arrow keys walk the
  tiles with the device rows, and takes its tap in the phone drawer. A
  tile that can't be chosen has no select handler, so the keyboard passes
  over it.
- Where the browser can't run effects the tiles are shown, disabled and
  explained by a notice the group is described by. No effect stays
  choosable and shows as in force. The notice is in the scrolling list,
  so a short call doesn't push the menu out of it.
- Section headings are raised, or the positioned tiles scroll over the
  one they sit under; raised within the list only, so the menu's frame
  stays over them. Tiles clip with overflow: clip; with hidden they are
  scroll containers, which focus scrolls into view without their border.
- End to end on Chromium and Firefox: a shipped background chosen in the
  lobby shows in the preview, and None after Blur draws nothing, counted
  in WebGL draws (Blur: about 1400 a second on Chromium, 2300 on
  Firefox).
- The Quick Audio Menu's test of the camera menu keeps its name and now
  finds blur among the effects rather than as a toggle.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/components/BackgroundEffectGrid.module.css

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+.grid {
+  display: grid;
+  /* A zero floor, so a long label wraps inside its tile rather than widening
+     the grid past the menu. */
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
+  grid-auto-rows: 1fr;
+  gap: var(--cpd-space-3x);
+  padding: var(--cpd-space-2x) var(--cpd-space-4x) 0;
+}
+
+/* Within the grid, to outweigh the menu item styles the tiles are built on. */
+.grid .tile {
+  position: relative;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: var(--cpd-space-1x);
+  min-inline-size: 0;
+  padding: var(--cpd-space-3x) var(--cpd-space-2x);
+  /* Not hidden: that makes the tile a scroll container, which focus scrolls
+     into view without its border, and so without the focus ring. */
+  overflow: clip;
+  border: var(--cpd-border-width-2) solid
+    var(--cpd-color-border-interactive-secondary);
+  border-radius: var(--cpd-space-2x);
+  background: none;
+  color: var(--cpd-color-icon-secondary);
+  font: inherit;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+/* As the menu items highlight on hover. */
+.grid .tile[data-highlighted] {
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-action-secondary-hovered);
+}
+
+.grid .tile[aria-checked="true"] {
+  border-color: var(--cpd-color-border-accent);
+}
+
+.grid .tile[data-disabled] {
+  cursor: default;
+  opacity: 0.55;
+}
+
+.tile[data-disabled] .picture {
+  filter: grayscale(1);
+}
+
+.swatch {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+}
+
+.picture {
+  position: absolute;
+  inset: 0;
+  inline-size: 100%;
+  block-size: 100%;
+  object-fit: cover;
+}
+
+/* Positioned, or the picture, positioned itself, would cover it. */
+.mark {
+  position: relative;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  color: var(--cpd-color-icon-accent-primary);
+}
+
+/* On a picture the mark needs a ground of its own to be seen. */
+.picture ~ .mark {
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-canvas-default);
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 var(--cpd-border-width-2) var(--cpd-color-bg-canvas-default);
+}
+
+.label {
+  max-inline-size: 100%;
+  font: var(--cpd-font-body-sm-medium);
+  color: var(--cpd-color-text-primary);
+  text-align: center;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}

src/components/BackgroundEffectGrid.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { type FC, type ReactNode, type ReactElement } from "react";
+import { VisuallyHidden } from "@radix-ui/react-visually-hidden";
+import { InlineSpinner, MenuItem } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
+import {
+  BlockIcon,
+  BlurIcon,
+  CheckCircleSolidIcon,
+} from "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens/assets/web/icons";
+
+import styles from "./BackgroundEffectGrid.module.css";
+
+/** One choice in the camera menu's Background effects section. */
+export interface BackgroundEffectOption {
+  id: string;
+  /** The tile's accessible name; drawn only where the tile has no picture. */
+  label: string;
+  kind: "none" | "blur" | "image";
+  /** For kind "image". */
+  imageUrl?: string;
+}
+
+interface Props {
+  /** Names the group, whose heading is hidden from assistive technology. */
+  label: string;
+  heading: ReactNode;
+  effects: BackgroundEffectOption[];
+  selected: string | undefined;
+  /** Undefined where effects can't run: all but no effect are disabled. */
+  onSelect: ((id: string) => void) | undefined;
+  /** Shown on the selected tile until its effect is on screen. */
+  settling?: boolean;
+  /** Id of the text saying what the user should know before choosing. */
+  describedBy?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The background effects as a grid of tiles: one radio choice, walked by the
+ * menu's arrow keys like the device rows.
+ */
+export const BackgroundEffectGrid: FC<Props> = ({
+  label,
+  heading,
+  effects,
+  selected,
+  onSelect,
+  settling = false,
+  describedBy,
+}) => {
+  const choose = (id: string): void => {
+    if (id !== selected) onSelect?.(id);
+  };
+  const tiles = effects.map((effect) => {
+    const checked = effect.id === selected;
+    const disabled = onSelect === undefined && effect.kind !== "none";
+    return (
+      <MenuItem
+        key={effect.id}
+        role="menuitemradio"
+        aria-checked={checked}
+        aria-busy={checked && settling}
+        disabled={disabled}
+        data-disabled={disabled ? "" : undefined}
+        label={null}
+        hideChevron
+        className={styles.tile}
+        // Without a handler it isn't one of the menu's items, so the keyboard
+        // passes over it.
+        onSelect={
+          disabled
+            ? null
+            : (e): void => {
+                // Kept open, so the user sees what they chose take effect.
+                e.preventDefault();
+                choose(effect.id);
+              }
+        }
+      >
+        <TileContent
+          effect={effect}
+          checked={checked}
+          settling={checked && settling}
+        />
+      </MenuItem>
+    );
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <div role="group" aria-label={label} aria-describedby={describedBy}>
+      {heading}
+      <div role="none" className={styles.grid}>
+        {tiles}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+function TileContent({
+  effect,
+  checked,
+  settling,
+}: {
+  effect: BackgroundEffectOption;
+  checked: boolean;
+  settling: boolean;
+}): ReactElement {
+  return (
+    <>
+      <span aria-hidden className={styles.swatch}>
+        {effect.kind === "image" && (
+          <img className={styles.picture} src={effect.imageUrl} alt="" />
+        )}
+        {settling ? (
+          <span className={styles.mark}>
+            <InlineSpinner size={20} />
+          </span>
+        ) : checked ? (
+          <CheckCircleSolidIcon
+            className={styles.mark}
+            width={20}
+            height={20}
+          />
+        ) : effect.kind === "none" ? (
+          <BlockIcon width={20} height={20} />
+        ) : effect.kind === "blur" ? (
+          <BlurIcon width={20} height={20} />
+        ) : null}
+      </span>
+      {effect.kind === "image" ? (
+        <VisuallyHidden>{effect.label}</VisuallyHidden>
+      ) : (
+        <span className={styles.label}>{effect.label}</span>
+      )}
+    </>
+  );
+}

src/components/CallFooter.stories.tsx

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { MediaDevices } from "../state/MediaDevices";
 import { globalScope } from "../state/ObservableScope";
 import { constant } from "../state/Behavior";
 import { type LayoutMode } from "../state/LayoutSwitchViewModel";
+import { shippedBackgrounds } from "../livekit/backgroundEffects";
 
 // consts for tests
 const reactionIdentifier = "@user:example.com:DEVICE";
@@ -123,8 +124,18 @@ export const Default: Story = {
     toggleAudio: fn(),
     toggleVideo: fn(),
     toggleScreenSharing: fn(),
-    toggleBlur: fn(),
-    videoBlurEnabled: true,
+    selectBackgroundEffect: fn(),
+    backgroundEffect: "blur",
+    backgroundEffects: [
+      { id: "none", kind: "none" },
+      { id: "blur", kind: "blur" },
+      ...shippedBackgrounds.map((background) => ({
+        id: `image:${background.id}`,
+        kind: "image" as const,
+        imageUrl: background.imagePath,
+      })),
+    ],
+    backgroundEffectNotice: undefined,
     hangup: fn(),
     buttonSize: "lg",
     showFooter: true,

src/components/CallFooter.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 
 import { type FC, type JSX, type Ref, useMemo } from "react";
 import classNames from "classnames";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 import LogoMark from "../icons/LogoMark.svg?react";
 import LogoType from "../icons/LogoType.svg?react";
@@ -31,6 +32,15 @@ import { type ViewModel } from "../state/ViewModel";
 import { useBehavior } from "../useBehavior";
 import { type LayoutSwitchViewModel } from "../state/LayoutSwitchViewModel";
 import { LayoutSwitch } from "../room/LayoutSwitch";
+import { type BackgroundEffectOption } from "./BackgroundEffectGrid";
+
+/** A background effect on offer, which the view names. */
+export interface BackgroundEffectChoice {
+  /** Its option id, as `backgroundEffect` gives the one in force. */
+  id: string;
+  kind: "none" | "blur" | "image";
+  imageUrl?: string;
+}
 
 export interface AudioOutputSwitcher {
   targetOutput: string;
@@ -56,20 +66,27 @@ export interface FooterActions {
   toggleAudio: (() => void) | undefined;
   /** Also controls if the videoMute button is disabled */
   toggleVideo: (() => void) | undefined;
-  toggleBlur: (() => void) | undefined;
+  /** Undefined where background effects can't be chosen. */
+  selectBackgroundEffect: ((id: string) => void) | undefined;
   toggleScreenSharing: (() => void) | undefined;
   /** Also controls if the settings button is visible */
   openSettings: (() => void) | undefined;
   /** Also controls if the hangup button is visible */
   hangup: (() => void) | undefined;
 }
+
 // we do not use any ? optional properties so that the vm type is including all fields.
 export interface FooterState {
   audioEnabled: boolean;
   audioBusy: boolean;
   videoEnabled: boolean;
   videoBusy: boolean;
-  videoBlurEnabled: boolean;
+  /** The background effect in force, as its option id. */
+  backgroundEffect: string;
+  /** Every effect on offer, in the order they are shown. */
+  backgroundEffects: BackgroundEffectChoice[];
+  /** What the user is told about effects here, if anything. */
+  backgroundEffectNotice: "unavailable" | undefined;
   showFooter: boolean;
 
   /* This is needed for WindowMode = "flat" */
@@ -117,12 +134,14 @@ export interface FooterProps {
   children?: JSX.Element | JSX.Element[] | false;
   vm: ViewModel<FooterSnapshot>;
 }
+
 export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
   className,
   ref,
   children,
   vm,
 }) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const asOverlay = useBehavior(vm.asOverlay$);
   const showFooter = useBehavior(vm.showFooter$);
   const hideControls = useBehavior(vm.hideControls$);
@@ -151,8 +170,12 @@ export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
   const selectedAudioOutput = useBehavior(vm.selectedAudioOutput$);
   const selectAudioOutputOption = useBehavior(vm.selectAudioOutputOption$);
   const selectVideoButtonOption = useBehavior(vm.selectVideoButtonOption$);
-  const toggleBlur = useBehavior(vm.toggleBlur$);
-  const videoBlurEnabled = useBehavior(vm.videoBlurEnabled$);
+  const backgroundEffect = useBehavior(vm.backgroundEffect$);
+  const selectBackgroundEffect = useBehavior(vm.selectBackgroundEffect$);
+  const backgroundEffectNotice = useBehavior(vm.backgroundEffectNotice$);
+  const backgroundEffects = useBackgroundEffectLabels(
+    useBehavior(vm.backgroundEffects$),
+  );
   const buttonSize = useBehavior(vm.buttonSize$);
   const showLogo = useBehavior(vm.showLogo$);
 
@@ -214,8 +237,14 @@ export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
         options={videoOptions}
         selectedOption={selectedVideo}
         onSelect={selectVideoButtonOption}
-        videoBlurToggleClick={toggleBlur}
-        videoBlurEnabled={videoBlurEnabled}
+        backgroundEffects={backgroundEffects}
+        selectedBackgroundEffect={backgroundEffect}
+        onSelectBackgroundEffect={selectBackgroundEffect}
+        backgroundEffectNotice={
+          backgroundEffectNotice === "unavailable"
+            ? t("background_effects.unavailable")
+            : undefined
+        }
       />,
     );
   } else {
@@ -340,3 +369,21 @@ const TilesDebugInfo: FC<TilesDebugInfoProps> = ({ generation$ }) => {
   const generation = useBehavior(generation$);
   return `Tiles generation: ${generation}`;
 };
+
+function useBackgroundEffectLabels(
+  choices: BackgroundEffectChoice[],
+): BackgroundEffectOption[] {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  return useMemo(() => {
+    let pictures = 0;
+    return choices.map((choice) => ({
+      ...choice,
+      label:
+        choice.kind === "none"
+          ? t("background_effects.none")
+          : choice.kind === "blur"
+            ? t("background_effects.blur")
+            : t("background_effects.numbered", { n: ++pictures }),
+    }));
+  }, [choices, t]);
+}

src/components/CallFooterViewModel.test.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
 
 import { testScope, mockMuteStates, mockMediaDevices } from "../utils/test";
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import {
   createLobbyFooterViewModel,
 } from "./CallFooterViewModel";
 import { HeaderStyle } from "../UrlParams";
+import { backgroundEffect as backgroundEffectSetting } from "../settings/settings";
+import { shippedBackgrounds } from "../livekit/backgroundEffects";
 
 const platformMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(() => "desktop"));
 vi.mock("../Platform", () => ({
@@ -227,6 +229,8 @@ describe("createCallFooterViewModel", () => {
   });
 
   describe("background effects", () => {
+    afterEach(() => backgroundEffectSetting.setValue("none"));
+
     // The lobby, because in a call the whole device switcher is already
     // withheld on a phone, whatever the verdict says.
     function lobbyOn(
@@ -245,17 +249,55 @@ describe("createCallFooterViewModel", () => {
 
     it("offers nothing on a phone, where the pipeline would refuse them", () => {
       sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(true);
-      expect(lobbyOn("ios").toggleBlur$.value).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(lobbyOn("ios").selectBackgroundEffect$.value).toBeUndefined();
     });
 
     it("offers them where the pipeline will honour them", () => {
       sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(true);
-      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").toggleBlur$.value).toBeDefined();
+      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").selectBackgroundEffect$.value).toBeDefined();
     });
 
     it("offers nothing where the browser itself cannot run them", () => {
       sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(false);
-      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").toggleBlur$.value).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").selectBackgroundEffect$.value).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it("puts no effect in force where the browser cannot run them", () => {
+      backgroundEffectSetting.setValue("blur");
+      sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(false);
+      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").backgroundEffect$.value).toBe("none");
+      sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(true);
+      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").backgroundEffect$.value).toBe("blur");
+    });
+
+    it("stores the effect chosen", () => {
+      sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(true);
+      const vm = lobbyOn("desktop");
+      vm.selectBackgroundEffect$.value?.("image:arc");
+      expect(vm.backgroundEffect$.value).toBe("image:arc");
+      // What isn't an effect on offer is stored as none.
+      vm.selectBackgroundEffect$.value?.("image:gone");
+      expect(backgroundEffectSetting.getValue()).toBe("none");
+    });
+
+    it("offers every effect in order", () => {
+      sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(true);
+      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").backgroundEffects$.value).toEqual([
+        { id: "none", kind: "none" },
+        { id: "blur", kind: "blur" },
+        ...shippedBackgrounds.map((background) => ({
+          id: `image:${background.id}`,
+          kind: "image",
+          imageUrl: background.imagePath,
+        })),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("says they are unavailable where they cannot be chosen", () => {
+      sdkSupportMock.mockReturnValue(false);
+      expect(lobbyOn("desktop").backgroundEffectNotice$.value).toBe(
+        "unavailable",
+      );
     });
 
     it("availability is the same before and during a call", () => {
@@ -270,8 +312,11 @@ describe("createCallFooterViewModel", () => {
           /* reactionIdentifier */ undefined,
           { showControls: true, header: HeaderStyle.Standard },
         );
-        const offeredInLobby = lobby.toggleBlur$.value !== undefined;
-        expect(inCall.toggleBlur$.value !== undefined).toBe(offeredInLobby);
+        const offeredInLobby =
+          lobby.selectBackgroundEffect$.value !== undefined;
+        expect(inCall.selectBackgroundEffect$.value !== undefined).toBe(
+          offeredInLobby,
+        );
         expect(offeredInLobby).toBe(supported);
       }
     });

src/components/CallFooterViewModel.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,11 @@ import { combineLatest, map, type Observable, switchMap } from "rxjs";
 import { supportsAudioOutputSelection } from "livekit-client";
 
 import { supportsBackgroundProcessors } from "../livekit/backgroundProcessing";
-import { parseEffect } from "../livekit/backgroundEffects";
+import {
+  parseEffect,
+  serializeEffect,
+  shippedBackgrounds,
+} from "../livekit/backgroundEffects";
 
 import { type CallViewModel } from "../state/CallViewModel/CallViewModel";
 import { type MenuOptions } from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ import { type MuteStates } from "../state/MuteStates";
 import { createStaticViewModel, type ViewModel } from "../state/ViewModel";
 import { HeaderStyle } from "../UrlParams";
 import { platform } from "../Platform";
-import { type FooterSnapshot } from "./CallFooter";
+import { type BackgroundEffectChoice, type FooterSnapshot } from "./CallFooter";
 
 /**
  * Shared helper: maps MuteStates into the audio/video enabled + toggle behaviors
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ function buildMuteBehaviors(
 
 /**
  * Shared helper: maps MediaDevices into the audio/video device-list behaviors
- * needed by FooterSnapshot (options, selection, callbacks, blur toggle).
+ * needed by FooterSnapshot (options, selection, callbacks, background effect).
  */
 function buildDeviceBehaviors(
   scope: ObservableScope,
@@ -76,8 +80,10 @@ function buildDeviceBehaviors(
   | "videoOptions$"
   | "selectedVideo$"
   | "selectVideoButtonOption$"
-  | "toggleBlur$"
-  | "videoBlurEnabled$"
+  | "backgroundEffect$"
+  | "selectBackgroundEffect$"
+  | "backgroundEffects$"
+  | "backgroundEffectNotice$"
 > {
   const options$ = (
     available$: Behavior<Map<string, MenuOptions["label"]>>,
@@ -94,10 +100,9 @@ function buildDeviceBehaviors(
       ),
     );
 
-  const blurOn$ = scope.behavior(
-    backgroundEffectSetting.value$.pipe(
-      map((raw) => parseEffect(raw).kind === "blur"),
-    ),
+  const supported = supportsBackgroundProcessors();
+  const offered$ = disableSwitcher$.pipe(
+    map((switcherDisabled) => !switcherDisabled && supported),
   );
   return {
     audioOptions$: scope.behavior(options$(mediaDevices.audioInput.available$)),
@@ -123,18 +128,27 @@ function buildDeviceBehaviors(
       mediaDevices.videoInput.selected$.pipe(map((s) => s?.id)),
     ),
     selectVideoButtonOption$: constant(mediaDevices.videoInput.select),
-    toggleBlur$: scope.behavior(
-      combineLatest([blurOn$, disableSwitcher$]).pipe(
-        map(([current, switcherDisabled]) => {
-          return !switcherDisabled && supportsBackgroundProcessors()
-            ? (): void => {
-                backgroundEffectSetting.setValue(current ? "none" : "blur");
-              }
-            : undefined;
-        }),
+    backgroundEffect$: scope.behavior(
+      backgroundEffectSetting.value$.pipe(
+        map((raw) => (supported ? serializeEffect(parseEffect(raw)) : "none")),
       ),
     ),
-    videoBlurEnabled$: blurOn$,
+    selectBackgroundEffect$: scope.behavior(
+      offered$.pipe(
+        map((offered) =>
+          offered
+            ? (id: string): void =>
+                backgroundEffectSetting.setValue(
+                  serializeEffect(parseEffect(id)),
+                )
+            : undefined,
+        ),
+      ),
+    ),
+    backgroundEffects$: constant(backgroundEffectChoices()),
+    backgroundEffectNotice$: scope.behavior(
+      offered$.pipe(map((offered) => (offered ? undefined : "unavailable"))),
+    ),
   };
 }
 
@@ -285,3 +299,15 @@ export function createLobbyFooterViewModel(
     ...buildDeviceBehaviors(scope, mediaDevices, constant(false)),
   };
 }
+
+function backgroundEffectChoices(): BackgroundEffectChoice[] {
+  return [
+    { id: serializeEffect({ kind: "none" }), kind: "none" },
+    { id: serializeEffect({ kind: "blur" }), kind: "blur" },
+    ...shippedBackgrounds.map((background) => ({
+      id: serializeEffect({ kind: "shipped", id: background.id }),
+      kind: "image" as const,
+      imageUrl: background.imagePath,
+    })),
+  ];
+}

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.module.css

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
    so CSS can't size it against the call. */
 .deviceList {
   max-block-size: var(--device-list-max-height);
+  /* The raised headings stay raised within the list, under the menu's frame. */
+  isolation: isolate;
   /* Keeps a row reached by keyboard clear of the sticky heading. */
   scroll-padding-block-start: var(--device-list-scroll-padding-start, 0);
 }
@@ -59,9 +61,11 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
   margin-block-start: var(--cpd-space-7x);
 }
 
-/* Sticky within its own section, and opaque so rows scroll under it. */
+/* Sticky within its own section: opaque, so rows scroll under it, and raised,
+   or the positioned tiles scroll over it. */
 .sectionHeading {
   position: sticky;
+  z-index: 1;
   inset-block-start: 0;
   background: var(--cpd-color-bg-canvas-default);
 }
@@ -104,3 +108,20 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
   outline: var(--cpd-border-width-2) solid var(--cpd-color-border-focused);
   outline-offset: calc(-1 * var(--cpd-border-width-2));
 }
+
+.notice {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: var(--cpd-space-3x);
+  margin: var(--cpd-space-2x) var(--cpd-space-4x) 0;
+  padding: var(--cpd-space-3x);
+  border-radius: var(--cpd-space-2x);
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-subtle-secondary);
+  color: var(--cpd-color-text-primary);
+  font: var(--cpd-font-body-md-regular);
+}
+
+.notice > svg {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  color: var(--cpd-color-icon-secondary);
+}

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.stories.tsx

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import { useEffect, useState, type FC, type JSX, type ReactNode } from "react";
 import type { Meta, StoryObj } from "@storybook/react-vite";
 import { MediaMuteAndSwitchButton } from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
 import styles from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.module.css";
+import { type BackgroundEffectOption } from "./BackgroundEffectGrid";
+import { shippedBackgrounds } from "../livekit/backgroundEffects";
 import meterStyles from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter.module.css";
 import { MediaDevicesContext } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
 import { RootElementProvider } from "../RootElementContext";
@@ -59,15 +61,18 @@ const WithAMicrophone: FC<{ children: ReactNode }> = ({ children }) => {
 };
 
 /** Supplies a call-sized root. Without one the list is bounded by the whole Storybook frame. */
-const WithACallArea: FC<{ children: ReactNode }> = ({ children }) => {
+const WithACallArea: FC<{ children: ReactNode; blockSize?: number }> = ({
+  children,
+  // A call's size: anything smaller makes a short device list scroll, and a
+  // narrower one narrows the menu.
+  blockSize = 720,
+}) => {
   const [callArea, setCallArea] = useState<HTMLElement | null>(null);
   return (
     <div
       ref={setCallArea}
       style={{
-        // A call's size: anything smaller makes a short device list scroll, and
-        // a narrower one narrows the menu.
-        blockSize: 720,
+        blockSize,
         inlineSize: 1024,
         display: "flex",
         alignItems: "flex-end",
@@ -129,8 +134,6 @@ export const AudioMute: Story = {
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "1" },
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "2" },
     ],
-    videoBlurEnabled: true,
-    videoBlurToggleClick: fn(),
     selectedOption: "2",
   },
   play: async ({ args, canvasElement }) => {
@@ -169,6 +172,17 @@ export const VideoMute: Story = {
   },
 };
 
+const effects: BackgroundEffectOption[] = [
+  { id: "none", kind: "none", label: "None" },
+  { id: "blur", kind: "blur", label: "Blur" },
+  ...shippedBackgrounds.map((background, i) => ({
+    id: `image:${background.id}`,
+    kind: "image" as const,
+    label: `Background ${i + 1}`,
+    imageUrl: background.imagePath,
+  })),
+];
+
 export const VideoUnmute: Story = {
   args: {
     iconsAndLabels: "video",
@@ -177,9 +191,146 @@ export const VideoUnmute: Story = {
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 1" }, id: "1" },
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 2" }, id: "2" },
     ],
-    videoBlurEnabled: true,
-    videoBlurToggleClick: fn(),
     selectedOption: "2",
+    backgroundEffects: effects,
+    selectedBackgroundEffect: "none",
+    onSelectBackgroundEffect: fn(),
+  },
+};
+
+/** One choice among no effect, blur and the shipped images, under the cameras. */
+export const BackgroundEffects: Story = {
+  args: VideoUnmute.args,
+  play: async ({ args, canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+    const section = await menu.findByRole("group", {
+      name: "Background effects",
+    });
+    const tiles = within(section).getAllByRole("menuitemradio");
+    await expect(tiles.map((tile) => tile.textContent)).toEqual([
+      "None",
+      "Blur",
+      "Background 1",
+      "Background 2",
+    ]);
+    await expect(
+      within(section).getByRole("menuitemradio", { checked: true }),
+    ).toHaveTextContent("None");
+
+    const cameras = menu.getByRole("group", { name: "Camera" });
+    await expect(
+      cameras.compareDocumentPosition(section) &
+        Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING,
+    ).toBeTruthy();
+    const [first, second, third, fourth] = tiles.map((tile) =>
+      tile.getBoundingClientRect(),
+    );
+    await expect(second.top).toBe(first.top);
+    await expect(third.top).toBe(first.top);
+    await expect(fourth.top).toBeGreaterThan(first.bottom);
+    const frame = document.body
+      .querySelector("[role='menu']")!
+      .getBoundingClientRect();
+    for (const tile of [first, second, third])
+      await expect(tile.left >= frame.left && tile.right <= frame.right).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+
+    await userEvent.click(menu.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Blur" }));
+    await expect(args.onSelectBackgroundEffect).toHaveBeenCalledWith("blur");
+    await expect(menu.getByRole("menu")).toBeVisible();
+  },
+};
+
+/** Where effects can't run: shown, disabled and explained, except no effect. */
+export const BackgroundEffectsUnavailable: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...VideoUnmute.args,
+    onSelectBackgroundEffect: undefined,
+    backgroundEffectNotice:
+      "Background effects are not supported on this platform.",
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+    const section = await menu.findByRole("group", {
+      name: "Background effects",
+    });
+    await expect(section).toHaveAccessibleDescription(
+      "Background effects are not supported on this platform.",
+    );
+    for (const tile of within(section).getAllByRole("menuitemradio"))
+      if (tile.textContent === "None") await expect(tile).toBeEnabled();
+      else await expect(tile).toBeDisabled();
+  },
+};
+
+/** In a short call the effects scroll into view with the list. */
+export const BackgroundEffectsScrollWhenTheyDoNotFit: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...VideoUnmute.args,
+    // It sits with the effects, so it must fit the same share of the call.
+    backgroundEffectNotice:
+      "Background effects run slowly on this platform, which may cause your video to stutter.",
+  },
+  decorators: [
+    (Story): JSX.Element => (
+      <WithACallArea blockSize={300}>
+        <Story />
+      </WithACallArea>
+    ),
+  ],
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+    const last = await menu.findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Background 2",
+    });
+    const list = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+      `.${styles.deviceList}`,
+    )!;
+    await expect(list.scrollHeight).toBeGreaterThan(list.clientHeight);
+    await expect(last.getBoundingClientRect().top).toBeGreaterThan(
+      list.getBoundingClientRect().bottom,
+    );
+
+    // Scrolled under the section's heading, the tiles pass beneath it.
+    const heading = [
+      ...document.body.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(
+        `.${styles.sectionHeading}`,
+      ),
+    ].find((h) => h.textContent === "Background effects")!;
+    list.scrollTop = heading.offsetTop + 30;
+    await waitFor(async () => {
+      const box = heading.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const drawn = document.elementFromPoint(
+        box.left + box.width / 2,
+        box.bottom - 2,
+      );
+      await expect(heading.contains(drawn)).toBe(true);
+    });
+    list.scrollTop = 0;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10 && document.activeElement !== last; i++)
+      await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
+    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(last);
+    const scrollport = list.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const reached = last.getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(reached.bottom).toBeLessThanOrEqual(scrollport.bottom + 1);
+    await expect(reached.top).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(scrollport.top - 1);
+
+    const callArea = canvasElement
+      .querySelector<HTMLElement>("[style*='block-size: 300px']")!
+      .getBoundingClientRect();
+    const frame = document.body
+      .querySelector("[role='menu']")!
+      .getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(frame.top).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(callArea.top);
+    await expect(frame.bottom).toBeLessThanOrEqual(callArea.bottom);
   },
 };
 
@@ -650,31 +801,23 @@ function overlapping(element: Element, overlays: Element[]): number {
   }, 0);
 }
 
-/** The blur toggle gets the keyboard ring too: it is the menu's child, not the list's. */
-export const FocusRingCoversTheBlurToggle: Story = {
-  args: {
-    ...VideoUnmute.args,
-    iconsAndLabels: "video",
-    videoBlurEnabled: false,
-    videoBlurToggleClick: fn(),
-  },
+/** The effect tiles get the keyboard ring the device rows get. */
+export const FocusRingCoversTheEffectTiles: Story = {
+  args: VideoUnmute.args,
   play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
     const canvas = within(canvasElement);
     await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
-    const toggle = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemcheckbox", {
-      name: /Blur background/,
+    const tile = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Blur",
     });
 
-    // Arrow down past the cameras to the toggle.
-    for (let i = 0; i < 6 && document.activeElement !== toggle; i++)
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6 && document.activeElement !== tile; i++)
       await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
-    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(toggle);
-    // The same ring the device rows get.
-    await expect(outlineWidth(toggle)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(tile);
+    await expect(outlineWidth(tile)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
 
-    // And the pointer takes it away, with the toggle still focused.
-    await userEvent.hover(toggle);
-    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(toggle);
-    await expect(outlineWidth(toggle)).toBe(0);
+    await userEvent.hover(tile);
+    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(tile);
+    await expect(outlineWidth(tile)).toBe(0);
   },
 };

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.test.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { afterEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
 import { axe } from "vitest-axe";
 import {
   act,
+  fireEvent,
   render,
   screen,
   within,
@@ -22,10 +23,18 @@ import {
   MediaMuteAndSwitchButton,
   type MenuOptions,
 } from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
+import { type BackgroundEffectOption } from "./BackgroundEffectGrid";
 import { MediaDevicesContext } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
 import { type MediaDevices } from "../state/MediaDevices";
 import { restoreAudioCapture, stubAudioCapture } from "../utils/test";
 
+const effects: BackgroundEffectOption[] = [
+  { id: "none", kind: "none", label: "None" },
+  { id: "blur", kind: "blur", label: "Blur" },
+  { id: "image:arc", kind: "image", label: "Background 1", imageUrl: "" },
+  { id: "image:glow", kind: "image", label: "Background 2", imageUrl: "" },
+];
+
 interface RenderOptions {
   requestDeviceNames: () => void;
 }
@@ -305,30 +314,88 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     expect(mic2ItemAfter.querySelector(".rotate")).toBeNull();
   });
 
-  test("renders menu with toggle control and calls toggle callback", async () => {
+  test("background effects are one keyboard-operable labelled choice", async () => {
     const user = userEvent.setup();
-    const onSelect = vi.fn();
-    const onVideoBlurToggle = vi.fn();
+    const onSelectBackgroundEffect = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
         iconsAndLabels="video"
         enabled={true}
-        videoBlurToggleClick={onVideoBlurToggle}
-        onSelect={onSelect}
+        options={[{ label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 1" }, id: "cam1" }]}
+        selectedOption="cam1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        backgroundEffects={effects}
+        selectedBackgroundEffect="none"
+        onSelectBackgroundEffect={onSelectBackgroundEffect}
       />,
     );
 
     await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
-
-    const toggle = screen.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", {
-      name: "Blur background",
+    const section = screen.getByRole("group", { name: "Background effects" });
+    within(section).getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "None", checked: true });
+    within(section).getByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Background 1",
+      checked: false,
     });
-    expect(toggle).toBeInTheDocument();
-    expect(toggle).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "false");
 
-    await user.click(toggle);
+    const blur = within(section).getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Blur" });
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6 && document.activeElement !== blur; i++)
+      await user.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
+    expect(document.activeElement).toBe(blur);
+    await user.keyboard("{Enter}");
+    expect(onSelectBackgroundEffect).toHaveBeenCalledWith("blur");
+    expect(screen.getByRole("menu")).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
 
-    expect(onVideoBlurToggle).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  test("does not choose the effect already in force again", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const onSelectBackgroundEffect = vi.fn();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="video"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[{ label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 1" }, id: "cam1" }]}
+        selectedOption="cam1"
+        backgroundEffects={effects}
+        selectedBackgroundEffect="blur"
+        onSelectBackgroundEffect={onSelectBackgroundEffect}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Blur" }));
+    expect(onSelectBackgroundEffect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test("offers the background effects in a phone's drawer", async () => {
+    const userAgent = vi
+      .spyOn(navigator, "userAgent", "get")
+      .mockReturnValue("Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 14)");
+    try {
+      const user = userEvent.setup();
+      const onSelectBackgroundEffect = vi.fn();
+      const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+          iconsAndLabels="video"
+          enabled={true}
+          options={[{ label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 1" }, id: "cam1" }]}
+          selectedOption="cam1"
+          backgroundEffects={effects}
+          selectedBackgroundEffect="none"
+          onSelectBackgroundEffect={onSelectBackgroundEffect}
+        />,
+      );
+
+      await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+      const section = screen.getByRole("group", { name: "Background effects" });
+      // A click alone: the drawer's drag handling reads layout jsdom lacks.
+      fireEvent.click(
+        within(section).getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Background 2" }),
+      );
+      expect(onSelectBackgroundEffect).toHaveBeenCalledWith("image:glow");
+    } finally {
+      userAgent.mockRestore();
+    }
   });
 
   test("marks the selected menu item as checked", async () => {
@@ -552,7 +619,9 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
         ]}
         selectedOption="cam1"
         onSelect={vi.fn()}
-        videoBlurToggleClick={vi.fn()}
+        backgroundEffects={effects}
+        selectedBackgroundEffect="none"
+        onSelectBackgroundEffect={vi.fn()}
       />,
     );
 
@@ -560,9 +629,10 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
 
     screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Camera 1", checked: true });
     screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Camera 2", checked: false });
-    expect(
-      screen.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { name: "Blur background" }),
-    ).toBeInTheDocument();
+    within(screen.getByRole("group", { name: "Background effects" })).getByRole(
+      "menuitemradio",
+      { name: "Blur" },
+    );
   });
 
   test("marks focus as keyboard-driven only when the keyboard moved it", async () => {

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 
 import {
   useCallback,
+  useId,
   useState,
   type CSSProperties,
   type FC,
@@ -20,11 +21,11 @@ import {
   MenuScrollArea,
   MenuTitle,
   RadioInput,
-  ToggleMenuItem,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
 import {
   ChevronUpIcon,
   ChevronDownIcon,
+  InfoIcon,
   SpinnerIcon,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens/assets/web/icons";
 import classNames from "classnames";
@@ -41,6 +42,10 @@ import { useMediaDevices } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
 import { useRootElement } from "../RootElementContext";
 import { observeElementSize$ } from "../utils/elementSize";
 import { LiveMicrophoneLevelMeter } from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter";
+import {
+  BackgroundEffectGrid,
+  type BackgroundEffectOption,
+} from "./BackgroundEffectGrid";
 
 export interface MenuOptions {
   label: DeviceLabel | AudioOutputDeviceLabel;
@@ -65,8 +70,13 @@ export interface MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps {
   selectedOutputOption?: string;
   /** Picks an output device. Undefined disables the speaker section. */
   onSelectOutput?: (id: string) => void;
-  videoBlurToggleClick?: () => void;
-  videoBlurEnabled?: boolean;
+  /** Camera menu only. None or an empty list leaves the section out. */
+  backgroundEffects?: BackgroundEffectOption[];
+  selectedBackgroundEffect?: string;
+  /** Undefined where effects can't run: all but no effect are disabled. */
+  onSelectBackgroundEffect?: (id: string) => void;
+  /** What the user should know before choosing an effect, if anything. */
+  backgroundEffectNotice?: string;
   /**
    * For any toggle and option this method will be called.
    * So toggles need to be implemented by listening here and setting the right toggle item to `enabled`
@@ -74,8 +84,6 @@ export interface MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps {
   onSelect?: (id: string) => void;
 }
 
-const BLUR_ID = "blur";
-
 /** Id of the placeholder "Default" row, shown when the platform lists no outputs. */
 const DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ID = "default";
 
@@ -98,8 +106,10 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
   outputOptions,
   selectedOutputOption,
   onSelectOutput,
-  videoBlurEnabled,
-  videoBlurToggleClick,
+  backgroundEffects,
+  selectedBackgroundEffect,
+  onSelectBackgroundEffect,
+  backgroundEffectNotice,
   onSelect,
 }) => {
   // Requested but not yet selected. Keyed by kind too, since Chrome uses
@@ -117,6 +127,7 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
   const isBusy = busy ?? false;
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const devices = useMediaDevices();
+  const noticeId = useId();
 
   /**
    * Records on the menu whether the keyboard or the pointer moved focus, for
@@ -189,16 +200,8 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
     />
   );
 
-  const toggles =
-    iconsAndLabels === "video" && videoBlurToggleClick !== undefined
-      ? [
-          {
-            label: t("action.blur_background"),
-            enabled: videoBlurEnabled ?? false,
-            id: BLUR_ID,
-          },
-        ]
-      : [];
+  const showEffects =
+    iconsAndLabels === "video" && (backgroundEffects?.length ?? 0) > 0;
 
   let optionsButtonLabel: string;
   let menuTitle: string;
@@ -408,19 +411,30 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
               )}
             </div>
           </div>
+          {showEffects && (
+            <BackgroundEffectGrid
+              label={t("settings.background_effects_header")}
+              heading={
+                <div aria-hidden className={styles.sectionHeading}>
+                  <MenuTitle title={t("settings.background_effects_header")} />
+                </div>
+              }
+              effects={backgroundEffects ?? []}
+              selected={selectedBackgroundEffect}
+              onSelect={onSelectBackgroundEffect}
+              describedBy={
+                backgroundEffectNotice === undefined ? undefined : noticeId
+              }
+            />
+          )}
+          {/* In the list, so the menu grows no taller for it. */}
+          {showEffects && backgroundEffectNotice !== undefined && (
+            <div id={noticeId} role="none" className={styles.notice}>
+              <InfoIcon width={20} height={20} />
+              <span>{backgroundEffectNotice}</span>
+            </div>
+          )}
         </MenuScrollArea>
-        {toggles.length > 0 && <hr />}
-        {toggles.map((toggle) => (
-          <ToggleMenuItem
-            label={toggle.label}
-            onSelect={(e) => {
-              videoBlurToggleClick?.();
-              e.preventDefault();
-            }}
-            checked={toggle.enabled}
-            key={toggle.id}
-          />
-        ))}
       </Menu>
     </div>
   );

src/components/__snapshots__/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.test.tsx.snap

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ exports[`MediaMuteAndSwitchButton > renders 1`] = `
       aria-busy="false"
       aria-checked="false"
       aria-disabled="true"
-      aria-labelledby="_r_0_"
+      aria-labelledby="_r_1_"
       class="_button_1nw83_8 _has-icon_1nw83_60 _icon-only_1nw83_53"
       data-kind="primary"
       data-size="lg"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ exports[`MediaMuteAndSwitchButton > renders 1`] = `
       data-kind="tertiary"
       data-size="lg"
       data-state="closed"
-      id="radix-_r_5_"
+      id="radix-_r_6_"
       role="button"
       tabindex="0"
       type="button"