new version: 2020.3.5

- scoped locks using lock_guard are better
- because of this the exception handler can also be removed;
  although this was originally intended to manage the locks
  it never did work properly with C++ exceptions.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -278,7 +278,14 @@ else()
     endif()
 endif(SIMGEAR_HEADLESS)
 
-find_package(ZLIB 1.2.4 REQUIRED)
+if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "OpenBSD")
+    # As of 2020-08-01, OpenBSD's system zlib is slightly old, but it's usable
+    # with a workaround in simgear/io/iostreams/gzfstream.cxx.
+    find_package(ZLIB 1.2.3 REQUIRED)
+else()
+    find_package(ZLIB 1.2.4 REQUIRED)
+endif()
+
 find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
 
 if (SYSTEM_EXPAT)

simgear-version

@@ -1 +1 @@
-2020.3.1
+2020.3.5

simgear/canvas/Canvas.cxx

@@ -691,6 +691,10 @@ namespace canvas
       {
         _sampling_dirty = true;
       }
+      else if( name == "anisotropy" )
+      {
+        _texture.setMaxAnisotropy( node->getFloatValue() );
+      }
       else if( name == "additive-blend" )
       {
         _texture.useAdditiveBlend( node->getBoolValue() );

simgear/canvas/ODGauge.cxx

@@ -202,6 +202,12 @@ namespace canvas
     updateSampling();
   }
 
+  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  void ODGauge::setMaxAnisotropy(float anis)
+  {
+    texture->setMaxAnisotropy(anis);
+  }
+
   //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void ODGauge::setRender(bool render)
   {

simgear/canvas/ODGauge.hxx

@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ namespace canvas
                         int coverage_samples = 0,
                         int color_samples = 0 );
 
+      void setMaxAnisotropy(float anis);
+
       /**
        * Enable/Disable updating the texture (If disabled the contents of the
        * texture remains with the outcome of the last rendering pass)

simgear/constants.h

@@ -218,6 +218,9 @@ const float SG_RADIANS_TO_DEGREES = 180.0f / SG_PI;
 #define SG_OBJECT_RANGE_ROUGH     9000.0
 #define SG_OBJECT_RANGE_DETAILED  1500.0
 
+/** Minimum expiry time of PagedLOD within the Tile.  Overridden by /sim/rendering/plod-minimum-expiry-time-secs **/
+#define SG_TILE_MIN_EXPIRY 180.0
+
 /** Radius of scenery tiles in m **/
 #define SG_TILE_RADIUS      14000.0
 

simgear/debug/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@ include (SimGearComponent)
 
 set(HEADERS debug_types.h 
     logstream.hxx BufferedLogCallback.hxx OsgIoCapture.hxx
-    LogCallback.hxx LogEntry.hxx)
+    LogCallback.hxx LogEntry.hxx
+    ErrorReportingCallback.hxx)
+
 set(SOURCES logstream.cxx BufferedLogCallback.cxx
-    LogCallback.cxx LogEntry.cxx)
+    LogCallback.cxx LogEntry.cxx
+    ErrorReportingCallback.cxx
+    )
 
 simgear_component(debug debug "${SOURCES}" "${HEADERS}")

simgear/debug/ErrorReportingCallback.cxx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+// version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+// Library General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+//
+
+#include <simgear_config.h>
+
+#include "ErrorReportingCallback.hxx"
+
+using std::string;
+
+namespace simgear {
+
+static ErrorReportCallback static_callback;
+
+void setErrorReportCallback(ErrorReportCallback cb)
+{
+    static_callback = cb;
+}
+
+
+void reportError(const std::string& msg, const std::string& more)
+{
+    if (!static_callback)
+        return;
+
+    static_callback(msg, more, false);
+}
+
+void reportFatalError(const std::string& msg, const std::string& more)
+{
+    if (!static_callback)
+        return;
+    static_callback(msg, more, true);
+}
+
+} // namespace simgear

simgear/debug/ErrorReportingCallback.hxx

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+// modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+// version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+// Library General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace simgear {
+
+void reportError(const std::string& msg, const std::string& more = {});
+
+void reportFatalError(const std::string& msg, const std::string& more = {});
+
+using ErrorReportCallback = std::function<void(const std::string& msg, const std::string& more, bool isFatal)>;
+
+void setErrorReportCallback(ErrorReportCallback cb);
+
+} // namespace simgear

simgear/emesary/Transmitter.hxx

@@ -45,14 +45,6 @@ namespace simgear
             std::atomic<int> receiveDepth;
             std::atomic<int> sentMessageCount;
 
-            void UnlockList()
-            {
-                _lock.unlock();
-            }
-            void LockList()
-            {
-                _lock.lock();
-            }
         public:
             Transmitter() : receiveDepth(0), sentMessageCount(0)
             {
@@ -69,20 +61,17 @@ namespace simgear
             // most recently registered recipients should process the messages/events first.
             virtual void Register(IReceiver& r)
             {
-                LockList();
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scopeLock(_lock);
                 recipient_list.push_back(&r);
                 r.OnRegisteredAtTransmitter(this);
                 if (std::find(deleted_recipients.begin(), deleted_recipients.end(), &r) != deleted_recipients.end())
                     deleted_recipients.remove(&r);
-
-                UnlockList();
             }
 
             //  Removes an object from receving message from this transmitter
             virtual void DeRegister(IReceiver& R)
             {
-                LockList();
-                //printf("Remove %x\n", &R);
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scopeLock(_lock);
                 if (recipient_list.size())
                 {
                     if (std::find(recipient_list.begin(), recipient_list.end(), &R) != recipient_list.end())
@@ -93,7 +82,6 @@ namespace simgear
                             deleted_recipients.push_back(&R);
                     }
                 }
-                UnlockList();
             }
 
             // Notify all registered recipients. Stop when receipt status of abort or finished are received.
@@ -107,69 +95,68 @@ namespace simgear
                 ReceiptStatus return_status = ReceiptStatusNotProcessed;
 
                 sentMessageCount++;
-                try
+
+                std::vector<IReceiver*> temp;
                 {
-                    LockList();
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scopeLock(_lock);
                     if (receiveDepth == 0)
                         deleted_recipients.clear();
                     receiveDepth++;
-                    std::vector<IReceiver*> temp(recipient_list.size());
+
                     int idx = 0;
                     for (RecipientList::iterator i = recipient_list.begin(); i != recipient_list.end(); i++)
                     {
-                        temp[idx++] = *i;
+                        temp.push_back(*i);
                     }
-                    UnlockList();
-                    int tempSize = temp.size();
-                    for (int index = 0; index < tempSize; index++)
+                }
+                int tempSize = temp.size();
+                for (int index = 0; index < tempSize; index++)
+                {
+                    IReceiver* R = temp[index];
                     {
-                        IReceiver* R = temp[index];
-                        LockList();
+                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scopeLock(_lock);
                         if (deleted_recipients.size())
                         {
                             if (std::find(deleted_recipients.begin(), deleted_recipients.end(), R) != deleted_recipients.end())
                             {
-                                UnlockList();
                                 continue;
                             }
                         }
-                        UnlockList();
-                        if (R)
-                        {
-                            ReceiptStatus rstat = R->Receive(M);
-                            switch (rstat)
-                            {
-                            case ReceiptStatusFail:
-                                return_status = ReceiptStatusFail;
-                                break;
-                            case ReceiptStatusPending:
-                                return_status = ReceiptStatusPending;
-                                break;
-                            case ReceiptStatusPendingFinished:
-                                return rstat;
-
-                            case ReceiptStatusNotProcessed:
-                                break;
-                            case ReceiptStatusOK:
-                                if (return_status == ReceiptStatusNotProcessed)
-                                    return_status = rstat;
-                                break;
-
-                            case ReceiptStatusAbort:
-                                return ReceiptStatusAbort;
-
-                            case ReceiptStatusFinished:
-                                return ReceiptStatusOK;
-                            }
-                        }
-
                     }
+                    if (R)
+                    {
+                        ReceiptStatus rstat = R->Receive(M);
+                        switch (rstat)
+                        {
+                        case ReceiptStatusFail:
+                            return_status = ReceiptStatusFail;
+                            break;
+
+                        case ReceiptStatusPending:
+                            return_status = ReceiptStatusPending;
+                            break;
+
+                        case ReceiptStatusPendingFinished:
+                            return rstat;
+
+                        case ReceiptStatusNotProcessed:
+                            break;
+
+                        case ReceiptStatusOK:
+                            if (return_status == ReceiptStatusNotProcessed)
+                                return_status = rstat;
+                            break;
+
+                        case ReceiptStatusAbort:
+                            return ReceiptStatusAbort;
+
+                        case ReceiptStatusFinished:
+                            return ReceiptStatusOK;
+                        }
+                    }
+
                 }
-                catch (...)
-                {
-                    throw;
-                    // return_status = ReceiptStatusAbort;
-                }
+
                 receiveDepth--;
                 return return_status;
             }
@@ -177,9 +164,8 @@ namespace simgear
             // number of currently registered recipients
             virtual int Count()
             {
-                LockList();
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scopeLock(_lock);
                 return recipient_list.size();
-                UnlockList();
             }
 
             // number of sent messages.

simgear/environment/metar.cxx

@@ -646,16 +646,21 @@ bool SGMetar::scanWind()
 	double gust = NaN;
 	if (*m == 'G') {
 		m++;
-		if (!scanNumber(&m, &i, 2, 3))
+		if (!strncmp(m, "//", 2))	// speed not measurable
+			m += 2, i = -1;
+		else if (!scanNumber(&m, &i, 2, 3))
 			return false;
-		gust = i;
+
+		if (i != -1)
+			gust = i;
 	}
+
 	double factor;
 	if (!strncmp(m, "KT", 2))
 		m += 2, factor = SG_KT_TO_MPS;
-	else if (!strncmp(m, "KMH", 3))
+	else if (!strncmp(m, "KMH", 3))		// invalid Km/h
 		m += 3, factor = SG_KMH_TO_MPS;
-	else if (!strncmp(m, "KPH", 3))		// ??
+	else if (!strncmp(m, "KPH", 3))		// invalid Km/h
 		m += 3, factor = SG_KMH_TO_MPS;
 	else if (!strncmp(m, "MPS", 3))
 		m += 3, factor = 1.0;
@@ -680,18 +685,28 @@ bool SGMetar::scanVariability()
 {
 	char *m = _m;
 	int from, to;
-	if (!scanNumber(&m, &from, 3))
+
+	if (!strncmp(m, "///", 3))	// direction not measurable
+		m += 3, from = -1;
+	else if (!scanNumber(&m, &from, 3))
 		return false;
+
 	if (*m++ != 'V')
 		return false;
-	if (!scanNumber(&m, &to, 3))
+
+	if (!strncmp(m, "///", 3))	// direction not measurable
+		m += 3, to = -1;
+	else if (!scanNumber(&m, &to, 3))
 		return false;
+
 	if (!scanBoundary(&m))
 		return false;
+
 	_m = m;
 	_wind_range_from = from;
 	_wind_range_to = to;
 	_grpcount++;
+
 	return true;
 }
 

simgear/environment/test_metar.cxx

@@ -81,6 +81,15 @@ void test_sensor_failure_wind()
     SGMetar m1("2020/10/23 16:55 LIVD 231655Z /////KT 9999 OVC025 10/08 Q1020 RMK OVC VIS MIN 9999 BLU");
     SG_CHECK_EQUAL(m1.getWindDir(), -1);
     SG_CHECK_EQUAL_EP2(m1.getWindSpeed_kt(), -1, TEST_EPSILON);
+
+    SGMetar m2("2020/10/21 16:55 LIVD 211655Z /////KT CAVOK 07/03 Q1023 RMK SKC VIS MIN 9999 BLU");
+    SG_CHECK_EQUAL(m2.getWindDir(), -1);
+    SG_CHECK_EQUAL_EP2(m2.getWindSpeed_kt(), -1, TEST_EPSILON);
+
+    SGMetar m3("2020/11/17 16:00 CYAZ 171600Z 14040G//KT 10SM -RA OVC012 12/11 A2895 RMK NS8 VIA CYXY SLP806 DENSITY ALT 900FT");
+    SG_CHECK_EQUAL(m3.getWindDir(), 140);
+    SG_CHECK_EQUAL_EP2(m3.getWindSpeed_kt(), 40, TEST_EPSILON);
+    SG_CHECK_EQUAL_EP2(m3.getGustSpeed_kt(), SGMetarNaN, TEST_EPSILON);
 }
 
 void test_wind_unit_not_specified()

simgear/io/DNSClient.cxx

@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ public:
 
     struct dns_ctx * ctx;
     static size_t instanceCounter;
+
+    using RequestVec = std::vector<Request_ptr>;
+
+    RequestVec _activeRequests;
 };
 
 size_t Client::ClientPrivate::instanceCounter = 0;
@@ -78,6 +82,11 @@ Request::~Request()
 {
 }
 
+void Request::cancel()
+{
+    _cancelled = true;
+}
+
 bool Request::isTimeout() const
 {
     return (time(NULL) - _start) > _timeout_secs;
@@ -114,18 +123,20 @@ static void dnscbSRV(struct dns_ctx *ctx, struct dns_rr_srv *result, void *data)
 {
     SRVRequest * r = static_cast<SRVRequest*>(data);
     if (result) {
-        r->cname = result->dnssrv_cname;
-        r->qname = result->dnssrv_qname;
-        r->ttl = result->dnssrv_ttl;
-        for (int i = 0; i < result->dnssrv_nrr; i++) {
-            SRVRequest::SRV_ptr srv(new SRVRequest::SRV);
-            r->entries.push_back(srv);
-            srv->priority = result->dnssrv_srv[i].priority;
-            srv->weight = result->dnssrv_srv[i].weight;
-            srv->port = result->dnssrv_srv[i].port;
-            srv->target = result->dnssrv_srv[i].name;
+        if (!r->isCancelled()) {
+            r->cname = result->dnssrv_cname;
+            r->qname = result->dnssrv_qname;
+            r->ttl = result->dnssrv_ttl;
+            for (int i = 0; i < result->dnssrv_nrr; i++) {
+                SRVRequest::SRV_ptr srv(new SRVRequest::SRV);
+                r->entries.push_back(srv);
+                srv->priority = result->dnssrv_srv[i].priority;
+                srv->weight = result->dnssrv_srv[i].weight;
+                srv->port = result->dnssrv_srv[i].port;
+                srv->target = result->dnssrv_srv[i].name;
+            }
+            std::sort(r->entries.begin(), r->entries.end(), sortSRV);
         }
-        std::sort( r->entries.begin(), r->entries.end(), sortSRV );
         free(result);
     }
     r->setComplete();
@@ -134,11 +145,16 @@ static void dnscbSRV(struct dns_ctx *ctx, struct dns_rr_srv *result, void *data)
 void SRVRequest::submit( Client * client )
 {
     // if service is defined, pass service and protocol
-    if (!dns_submit_srv(client->d->ctx, getDn().c_str(), _service.empty() ? NULL : _service.c_str(), _service.empty() ? NULL : _protocol.c_str(), 0, dnscbSRV, this )) {
+    auto q = dns_submit_srv(client->d->ctx, getDn().c_str(), _service.empty() ? NULL : _service.c_str(),
+                            _service.empty() ? NULL : _protocol.c_str(),
+                            0, dnscbSRV, this);
+
+    if (!q) {
         SG_LOG(SG_IO, SG_ALERT, "Can't submit dns request for " << getDn());
         return;
     }
     _start = time(NULL);
+    _query = q;
 }
 
 TXTRequest::TXTRequest( const std::string & dn ) :
@@ -151,22 +167,24 @@ static void dnscbTXT(struct dns_ctx *ctx, struct dns_rr_txt *result, void *data)
 {
     TXTRequest * r = static_cast<TXTRequest*>(data);
     if (result) {
-        r->cname = result->dnstxt_cname;
-        r->qname = result->dnstxt_qname;
-        r->ttl = result->dnstxt_ttl;
-        for (int i = 0; i < result->dnstxt_nrr; i++) {
-          //TODO: interprete the .len field of dnstxt_txt?
-          auto rawTxt = reinterpret_cast<char*>(result->dnstxt_txt[i].txt);
-          if (!rawTxt) {
-              continue;
-          }
+        if (!r->isCancelled()) {
+            r->cname = result->dnstxt_cname;
+            r->qname = result->dnstxt_qname;
+            r->ttl = result->dnstxt_ttl;
+            for (int i = 0; i < result->dnstxt_nrr; i++) {
+                //TODO: interprete the .len field of dnstxt_txt?
+                auto rawTxt = reinterpret_cast<char*>(result->dnstxt_txt[i].txt);
+                if (!rawTxt) {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-          const string txt{rawTxt};
-          r->entries.push_back(txt);
-          string_list tokens = simgear::strutils::split( txt, "=", 1 );
-          if( tokens.size() == 2 ) {
-            r->attributes[tokens[0]] = tokens[1];
-          }
+                const string txt{rawTxt};
+                r->entries.push_back(txt);
+                string_list tokens = simgear::strutils::split(txt, "=", 1);
+                if (tokens.size() == 2) {
+                    r->attributes[tokens[0]] = tokens[1];
+                }
+            }
         }
         free(result);
     }
@@ -176,11 +194,13 @@ static void dnscbTXT(struct dns_ctx *ctx, struct dns_rr_txt *result, void *data)
 void TXTRequest::submit( Client * client )
 {
     // protocol and service an already encoded in DN so pass in NULL for both
-    if (!dns_submit_txt(client->d->ctx, getDn().c_str(), DNS_C_IN, 0, dnscbTXT, this )) {
+    auto q = dns_submit_txt(client->d->ctx, getDn().c_str(), DNS_C_IN, 0, dnscbTXT, this);
+    if (!q) {
         SG_LOG(SG_IO, SG_ALERT, "Can't submit dns request for " << getDn());
         return;
     }
     _start = time(NULL);
+    _query = q;
 }
 
 
@@ -195,27 +215,29 @@ static void dnscbNAPTR(struct dns_ctx *ctx, struct dns_rr_naptr *result, void *d
 {
     NAPTRRequest * r = static_cast<NAPTRRequest*>(data);
     if (result) {
-        r->cname = result->dnsnaptr_cname;
-        r->qname = result->dnsnaptr_qname;
-        r->ttl = result->dnsnaptr_ttl;
-        for (int i = 0; i < result->dnsnaptr_nrr; i++) {
-            if( !r->qservice.empty() && r->qservice != result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].service )
-                continue;
+        if (!r->isCancelled()) {
+            r->cname = result->dnsnaptr_cname;
+            r->qname = result->dnsnaptr_qname;
+            r->ttl = result->dnsnaptr_ttl;
+            for (int i = 0; i < result->dnsnaptr_nrr; i++) {
+                if (!r->qservice.empty() && r->qservice != result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].service)
+                    continue;
 
-            //TODO: case ignore and result flags may have more than one flag
-            if( !r->qflags.empty() && r->qflags != result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].flags )
-                continue;
+                //TODO: case ignore and result flags may have more than one flag
+                if (!r->qflags.empty() && r->qflags != result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].flags)
+                    continue;
 
-            NAPTRRequest::NAPTR_ptr naptr(new NAPTRRequest::NAPTR);
-            r->entries.push_back(naptr);
-            naptr->order = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].order;
-            naptr->preference = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].preference;
-            naptr->flags = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].flags;
-            naptr->service = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].service;
-            naptr->regexp = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].regexp;
-            naptr->replacement = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].replacement;
+                NAPTRRequest::NAPTR_ptr naptr(new NAPTRRequest::NAPTR);
+                r->entries.push_back(naptr);
+                naptr->order = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].order;
+                naptr->preference = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].preference;
+                naptr->flags = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].flags;
+                naptr->service = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].service;
+                naptr->regexp = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].regexp;
+                naptr->replacement = result->dnsnaptr_naptr[i].replacement;
+            }
+            std::sort(r->entries.begin(), r->entries.end(), sortNAPTR);
         }
-        std::sort( r->entries.begin(), r->entries.end(), sortNAPTR );
         free(result);
     }
     r->setComplete();
@@ -223,11 +245,13 @@ static void dnscbNAPTR(struct dns_ctx *ctx, struct dns_rr_naptr *result, void *d
 
 void NAPTRRequest::submit( Client * client )
 {
-    if (!dns_submit_naptr(client->d->ctx, getDn().c_str(), 0, dnscbNAPTR, this )) {
+    auto q = dns_submit_naptr(client->d->ctx, getDn().c_str(), 0, dnscbNAPTR, this);
+    if (!q) {
         SG_LOG(SG_IO, SG_ALERT, "Can't submit dns request for " << getDn());
         return;
     }
     _start = time(NULL);
+    _query = q;
 }
 
 
@@ -242,6 +266,7 @@ Client::Client() :
 
 void Client::makeRequest(const Request_ptr& r)
 {
+    d->_activeRequests.push_back(r);
     r->submit(this);
 }
 
@@ -252,6 +277,19 @@ void Client::update(int waitTimeout)
         return;
 
     dns_ioevent(d->ctx, now);
+
+    // drop our owning ref to completed requests,
+    // and cancel any which timed out
+    auto it = std::remove_if(d->_activeRequests.begin(), d->_activeRequests.end(),
+                             [this](const Request_ptr& r) {
+                                 if (r->isTimeout()) {
+                                     dns_cancel(d->ctx, reinterpret_cast<struct dns_query*>(r->_query));
+                                     return true;
+                                 }
+
+                                 return r->isComplete();
+                             });
+    d->_activeRequests.erase(it, d->_activeRequests.end());
 }
 
 } // of namespace DNS

simgear/io/DNSClient.hxx

@@ -40,28 +40,38 @@ namespace DNS
 {
 
 class Client;
+
+using UDNSQueryPtr = void*;
+
 class Request : public SGReferenced
 {
 public:
     Request( const std::string & dn );
     virtual ~Request();
-    std::string getDn() const { return _dn; }
+    const std::string& getDn() const { return _dn; }
     int getType() const { return _type; }
     bool isComplete() const { return _complete; }
     bool isTimeout() const;
     void setComplete( bool b = true ) { _complete = b; }
+    bool isCancelled() const { return _cancelled; }
 
     virtual void submit( Client * client) = 0;
 
+    void cancel();
+
     std::string cname;
     std::string qname;
     unsigned ttl;
 protected:
+    friend class Client;
+
+    UDNSQueryPtr _query = nullptr;
     std::string _dn;
     int _type;
     bool _complete;
     time_t _timeout_secs;
     time_t _start;
+    bool _cancelled = false;
 };
 typedef SGSharedPtr<Request> Request_ptr;
 
@@ -69,7 +79,7 @@ class NAPTRRequest : public Request
 {
 public:
     NAPTRRequest( const std::string & dn );
-    virtual void submit( Client * client );
+    void submit(Client* client) override;
 
     struct NAPTR : SGReferenced {
         int order;
@@ -92,7 +102,7 @@ class SRVRequest : public Request
 public:
     SRVRequest( const std::string & dn );
     SRVRequest( const std::string & dn, const string & service, const string & protocol );
-    virtual void submit( Client * client );
+    void submit(Client* client) override;
 
     struct SRV : SGReferenced {
       int priority;
@@ -112,7 +122,7 @@ class TXTRequest : public Request
 {
 public:
     TXTRequest( const std::string & dn );
-    virtual void submit( Client * client );
+    void submit(Client* client) override;
 
     typedef std::vector<string> TXT_list;
     typedef std::map<std::string,std::string> TXT_Attribute_map;

simgear/io/HTTPRepository.cxx

@@ -81,6 +81,45 @@ std::string innerResultCodeAsString(HTTPRepository::ResultCode code) {
   return "Unknown response code";
 }
 
+struct HashCacheEntry {
+    std::string filePath;
+    time_t modTime;
+    size_t lengthBytes;
+    std::string hashHex;
+};
+
+using HashCache = std::unordered_map<std::string, HashCacheEntry>;
+
+std::string computeHashForPath(const SGPath& p)
+{
+    if (!p.exists())
+        return {};
+
+    sha1nfo info;
+    sha1_init(&info);
+
+    const int bufSize = 1024 * 1024;
+    char* buf = static_cast<char*>(malloc(bufSize));
+    if (!buf) {
+        sg_io_exception("Couldn't allocate SHA1 computation buffer");
+    }
+
+    size_t readLen;
+    SGBinaryFile f(p);
+    if (!f.open(SG_IO_IN)) {
+        free(buf);
+        throw sg_io_exception("Couldn't open file for compute hash", p);
+    }
+    while ((readLen = f.read(buf, bufSize)) > 0) {
+        sha1_write(&info, buf, readLen);
+    }
+
+    f.close();
+    free(buf);
+    std::string hashBytes((char*)sha1_result(&info), HASH_LENGTH);
+    return strutils::encodeHex(hashBytes);
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 class HTTPDirectory
@@ -111,6 +150,9 @@ class HTTPDirectory
     typedef std::vector<ChildInfo> ChildInfoList;
     ChildInfoList children;
 
+    mutable HashCache hashes;
+    mutable bool hashCacheDirty = false;
+
 public:
     HTTPDirectory(HTTPRepoPrivate* repo, const std::string& path) :
         _repository(repo),
@@ -124,6 +166,8 @@ public:
               // already exists on disk
               parseDirIndex(children);
               std::sort(children.begin(), children.end());
+
+              parseHashCache();
           } catch (sg_exception& ) {
               // parsing cache failed
               children.clear();
@@ -149,7 +193,7 @@ public:
     {
         SGPath fpath(absolutePath());
         fpath.append(".dirindex");
-        _repository->updatedFileContents(fpath, hash);
+        updatedFileContents(fpath, hash);
 
         children.clear();
         parseDirIndex(children);
@@ -177,7 +221,7 @@ public:
 		char* buf = nullptr;
 		size_t bufSize = 0;
 
-		for (const auto& child : children) {
+                for (auto &child : children) {
                   if (child.type != HTTPRepository::FileType)
                     continue;
 
@@ -189,30 +233,36 @@ public:
                   cp.append(child.name);
                   if (!cp.exists()) {
                     continue;
-			}
+                  }
 
-			SGBinaryFile src(cp);
-			SGBinaryFile dst(child.path);
-			src.open(SG_IO_IN);
-			dst.open(SG_IO_OUT);
+                  SGBinaryFile src(cp);
+                  SGBinaryFile dst(child.path);
+                  src.open(SG_IO_IN);
+                  dst.open(SG_IO_OUT);
 
-			if (bufSize < cp.sizeInBytes()) {
-				bufSize = cp.sizeInBytes();
-				free(buf);
-				buf = (char*) malloc(bufSize);
-				if (!buf) {
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
+                  if (bufSize < cp.sizeInBytes()) {
+                    bufSize = cp.sizeInBytes();
+                    free(buf);
+                    buf = (char *)malloc(bufSize);
+                    if (!buf) {
+                      continue;
+                    }
+                  }
 
-			src.read(buf, cp.sizeInBytes());
-			dst.write(buf, cp.sizeInBytes());
-			src.close();
-			dst.close();
+                  src.read(buf, cp.sizeInBytes());
+                  dst.write(buf, cp.sizeInBytes());
+                  src.close();
+                  dst.close();
 
-		}
+                  // reset caching
+                  child.path.set_cached(false);
+                  child.path.set_cached(true);
 
-		free(buf);
+                  std::string hash = computeHashForPath(child.path);
+                  updatedFileContents(child.path, hash);
+                }
+
+                free(buf);
     }
 
     void updateChildrenBasedOnHash()
@@ -274,7 +324,7 @@ public:
           if (c.type == HTTPRepository::DirectoryType) {
             // If it's a directory,perform a recursive check.
             HTTPDirectory *childDir = childDirectory(c.name);
-            childDir->updateChildrenBasedOnHash();
+            _repository->scheduleUpdateOfChildren(childDir);
           }
         }
       } // of repository-defined (well, .dirIndex) children iteration
@@ -372,6 +422,71 @@ public:
         return _relativePath;
     }
 
+    class ArchiveExtractTask {
+    public:
+      ArchiveExtractTask(SGPath p, const std::string &relPath)
+          : relativePath(relPath), file(p), extractor(p.dir()) {
+        if (!file.open(SG_IO_IN)) {
+          SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT,
+                 "Unable to open " << p << " to extract");
+          return;
+        }
+
+        buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(bufferSize);
+      }
+
+      ArchiveExtractTask(const ArchiveExtractTask &) = delete;
+
+      HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessResult run(HTTPRepoPrivate* repo)
+      {
+          if (!buffer) {
+              return HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessFailed;
+          }
+
+          size_t rd = file.read((char*)buffer, bufferSize);
+          extractor.extractBytes(buffer, rd);
+
+          if (file.eof()) {
+              extractor.flush();
+              file.close();
+
+              if (!extractor.isAtEndOfArchive()) {
+                  SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Corrupt tarball " << relativePath);
+                  repo->failedToUpdateChild(relativePath,
+                                            HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_IO);
+                  return HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessFailed;
+              }
+
+              if (extractor.hasError()) {
+                  SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Error extracting " << relativePath);
+                  repo->failedToUpdateChild(relativePath,
+                                            HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_IO);
+                  return HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessFailed;
+              }
+
+              return HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessDone;
+          }
+
+          return HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessContinue;
+      }
+
+      ~ArchiveExtractTask() { free(buffer); }
+
+    private:
+      // intentionally small so we extract incrementally on Windows
+      // where Defender throttles many small files, sorry
+      // if you make this bigger we will be more efficient but stall for
+      // longer when extracting the Airports_archive
+      const int bufferSize = 1024 * 64;
+
+      std::string relativePath;
+      uint8_t *buffer = nullptr;
+      SGBinaryFile file;
+      ArchiveExtractor extractor;
+    };
+
+    using ArchiveExtractTaskPtr = std::shared_ptr<ArchiveExtractTask>;
+
     void didUpdateFile(const std::string& file, const std::string& hash, size_t sz)
     {
         // check hash matches what we expected
@@ -387,7 +502,7 @@ public:
                     _relativePath + "/" + file,
                     HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_CHECKSUM);
             } else {
-                _repository->updatedFileContents(it->path, hash);
+                updatedFileContents(it->path, hash);
                 _repository->updatedChildSuccessfully(_relativePath + "/" +
                                                       file);
 
@@ -410,33 +525,22 @@ public:
                   }
 
                   if (pathAvailable) {
-                    // If this is a tarball, then extract it.
-                    SGBinaryFile f(p);
-                    if (! f.open(SG_IO_IN)) SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Unable to open " << p << " to extract");
+                    // we use a Task helper to extract tarballs incrementally.
+                    // without this, archive extraction blocks here, which
+                    // prevents other repositories downloading / updating.
+                    // Unfortunately due Windows AV (Defender, etc) we cna block
+                    // here for many minutes.
 
-                    SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_INFO, "Extracting " << absolutePath() << "/" << file << " to " << p.dir());
-                    SGPath extractDir = p.dir();
-                    ArchiveExtractor ex(extractDir);
-
-                    uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)alloca(2048);
-                    while (!f.eof()) {
-                      size_t bufSize = f.read((char *)buf, 2048);
-                      ex.extractBytes(buf, bufSize);
-                    }
-
-                    ex.flush();
-                    if (! ex.isAtEndOfArchive()) {
-                      SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Corrupt tarball " << p);
-                      _repository->failedToUpdateChild(
-                          _relativePath, HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_IO);
-                    }
-
-                    if (ex.hasError()) {
-                      SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Error extracting " << p);
-                      _repository->failedToUpdateChild(
-                          _relativePath, HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_IO);
-                    }
+                    // use a lambda to own this shared_ptr; this means when the
+                    // lambda is destroyed, the ArchiveExtraTask will get
+                    // cleaned up.
+                    ArchiveExtractTaskPtr t =
+                        std::make_shared<ArchiveExtractTask>(p, _relativePath);
+                    auto cb = [t](HTTPRepoPrivate *repo) {
+                      return t->run(repo);
+                    };
 
+                    _repository->addTask(cb);
                   } else {
                     SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Unable to remove old file/directory " << removePath);
                   } // of pathAvailable
@@ -452,6 +556,50 @@ public:
         fpath.append(file);
         _repository->failedToUpdateChild(fpath, status);
     }
+
+    std::string hashForPath(const SGPath& p) const
+    {
+        const auto ps = p.utf8Str();
+        auto it = hashes.find(ps);
+        if (it != hashes.end()) {
+            const auto& entry = it->second;
+            // ensure data on disk hasn't changed.
+            // we could also use the file type here if we were paranoid
+            if ((p.sizeInBytes() == entry.lengthBytes) && (p.modTime() == entry.modTime)) {
+                return entry.hashHex;
+            }
+
+            // entry in the cache, but it's stale so remove and fall through
+            hashes.erase(it);
+        }
+
+        std::string hash = computeHashForPath(p);
+        updatedFileContents(p, hash);
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    bool isHashCacheDirty() const
+    {
+        return hashCacheDirty;
+    }
+
+    void writeHashCache() const
+    {
+        if (!hashCacheDirty)
+            return;
+
+        hashCacheDirty = false;
+
+        SGPath cachePath = absolutePath() / ".dirhash";
+        sg_ofstream stream(cachePath, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc | std::ios::binary);
+        for (const auto& e : hashes) {
+            const auto& entry = e.second;
+            stream << entry.filePath << "*" << entry.modTime << "*"
+                   << entry.lengthBytes << "*" << entry.hashHex << "\n";
+        }
+        stream.close();
+    }
+
 private:
 
     struct ChildWithName
@@ -575,7 +723,7 @@ private:
             ok = _repository->deleteDirectory(fpath, path);
         } else {
             // remove the hash cache entry
-            _repository->updatedFileContents(path, std::string());
+            updatedFileContents(path, std::string());
             ok = path.remove();
         }
 
@@ -593,9 +741,80 @@ private:
       if (child.type == HTTPRepository::TarballType)
         p.concat(
             ".tgz"); // For tarballs the hash is against the tarball file itself
-      return _repository->hashForPath(p);
+      return hashForPath(p);
     }
 
+    void parseHashCache()
+    {
+        hashes.clear();
+        SGPath cachePath = absolutePath() / ".dirhash";
+        if (!cachePath.exists()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        sg_ifstream stream(cachePath, std::ios::in);
+
+        while (!stream.eof()) {
+            std::string line;
+            std::getline(stream, line);
+            line = simgear::strutils::strip(line);
+            if (line.empty() || line[0] == '#')
+                continue;
+
+            string_list tokens = simgear::strutils::split(line, "*");
+            if (tokens.size() < 4) {
+                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN, "invalid entry in '" << cachePath << "': '" << line << "' (ignoring line)");
+                continue;
+            }
+            const std::string nameData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[0]);
+            const std::string timeData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[1]);
+            const std::string sizeData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[2]);
+            const std::string hashData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[3]);
+
+            if (nameData.empty() || timeData.empty() || sizeData.empty() || hashData.empty()) {
+                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN, "invalid entry in '" << cachePath << "': '" << line << "' (ignoring line)");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            HashCacheEntry entry;
+            entry.filePath = nameData;
+            entry.hashHex = hashData;
+            entry.modTime = strtol(timeData.c_str(), NULL, 10);
+            entry.lengthBytes = strtol(sizeData.c_str(), NULL, 10);
+            hashes.insert(std::make_pair(entry.filePath, entry));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void updatedFileContents(const SGPath& p, const std::string& newHash) const
+    {
+        // remove the existing entry
+        const auto ps = p.utf8Str();
+        auto it = hashes.find(ps);
+        if (it != hashes.end()) {
+            hashes.erase(it);
+            hashCacheDirty = true;
+        }
+
+        if (newHash.empty()) {
+            return; // we're done
+        }
+
+        // use a cloned SGPath and reset its caching to force one stat() call
+        SGPath p2(p);
+        p2.set_cached(false);
+        p2.set_cached(true);
+
+        HashCacheEntry entry;
+        entry.filePath = ps;
+        entry.hashHex = newHash;
+        entry.modTime = p2.modTime();
+        entry.lengthBytes = p2.sizeInBytes();
+        hashes.insert(std::make_pair(ps, entry));
+
+        hashCacheDirty = true;
+    }
+
+
     HTTPRepoPrivate* _repository;
     std::string _relativePath; // in URL and file-system space
 };
@@ -606,7 +825,6 @@ HTTPRepository::HTTPRepository(const SGPath& base, HTTP::Client *cl) :
     _d->http = cl;
     _d->basePath = base;
     _d->rootDir.reset(new HTTPDirectory(_d.get(), ""));
-    _d->parseHashCache();
 }
 
 HTTPRepository::~HTTPRepository()
@@ -654,6 +872,38 @@ bool HTTPRepository::isDoingSync() const
     return _d->isUpdating;
 }
 
+void HTTPRepository::process()
+{
+    int processedCount = 0;
+    const int maxToProcess = 16;
+
+    while (processedCount < maxToProcess) {
+      if (_d->pendingTasks.empty()) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      auto task = _d->pendingTasks.front();
+      auto result = task(_d.get());
+      if (result == HTTPRepoPrivate::ProcessContinue) {
+        // assume we're not complete
+        return;
+      }
+
+      _d->pendingTasks.pop_front();
+      ++processedCount;
+    }
+
+    _d->checkForComplete();
+}
+
+void HTTPRepoPrivate::checkForComplete()
+{
+  if (pendingTasks.empty() && activeRequests.empty() &&
+      queuedRequests.empty()) {
+    isUpdating = false;
+  }
+}
+
 size_t HTTPRepository::bytesToDownload() const
 {
     size_t result = 0;
@@ -731,49 +981,71 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
         }
 
     protected:
-      void gotBodyData(const char *s, int n) override {
-        if (!file.get()) {
-          file.reset(new SGBinaryFile(pathInRepo));
-          if (!file->open(SG_IO_OUT)) {
-            SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN,
-                   "unable to create file " << pathInRepo);
-            _directory->repository()->http->cancelRequest(
-                this, "Unable to create output file:" + pathInRepo.utf8Str());
-          }
+        void gotBodyData(const char* s, int n) override
+        {
+            if (!file.get()) {
+                const bool ok = createOutputFile();
+                if (!ok) {
+                    _directory->repository()->http->cancelRequest(
+                        this, "Unable to create output file:" + pathInRepo.utf8Str());
+                }
+            }
 
-          sha1_init(&hashContext);
+            sha1_write(&hashContext, s, n);
+            file->write(s, n);
         }
 
-        sha1_write(&hashContext, s, n);
-        file->write(s, n);
-      }
+        bool createOutputFile()
+        {
+            file.reset(new SGBinaryFile(pathInRepo));
+            if (!file->open(SG_IO_OUT)) {
+                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN,
+                       "unable to create file " << pathInRepo);
+                return false;
+            }
 
-      void onDone() override {
-        file->close();
-        if (responseCode() == 200) {
-          std::string hash =
-              strutils::encodeHex(sha1_result(&hashContext), HASH_LENGTH);
-          _directory->didUpdateFile(fileName, hash, contentSize());
-        } else if (responseCode() == 404) {
-          SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN,
-                 "terrasync file not found on server: "
-                     << fileName << " for " << _directory->absolutePath());
-          _directory->didFailToUpdateFile(
-              fileName, HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND);
-        } else {
-          SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN,
-                 "terrasync file download error on server: "
-                     << fileName << " for " << _directory->absolutePath()
-                     << "\n\tserver responded: " << responseCode() << "/"
-                     << responseReason());
-          _directory->didFailToUpdateFile(fileName,
-                                          HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_HTTP);
-          // should we every retry here?
+            sha1_init(&hashContext);
+            return true;
         }
 
-        _directory->repository()->finishedRequest(
-            this, HTTPRepoPrivate::RequestFinish::Done);
-      }
+        void onDone() override
+        {
+            const bool is200Response = (responseCode() == 200);
+            if (!file && is200Response) {
+                // if the server defines a zero-byte file, we will never call
+                // gotBodyData, so create the file here
+                // this ensures all the logic below works as expected
+                createOutputFile();
+            }
+
+            if (file) {
+                file->close();
+            }
+
+            if (is200Response) {
+                std::string hash =
+                    strutils::encodeHex(sha1_result(&hashContext), HASH_LENGTH);
+                _directory->didUpdateFile(fileName, hash, contentSize());
+            } else if (responseCode() == 404) {
+                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN,
+                       "terrasync file not found on server: "
+                           << fileName << " for " << _directory->absolutePath());
+                _directory->didFailToUpdateFile(
+                    fileName, HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND);
+            } else {
+                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN,
+                       "terrasync file download error on server: "
+                           << fileName << " for " << _directory->absolutePath()
+                           << "\n\tserver responded: " << responseCode() << "/"
+                           << responseReason());
+                _directory->didFailToUpdateFile(fileName,
+                                                HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_HTTP);
+                // should we every retry here?
+            }
+
+            _directory->repository()->finishedRequest(
+                this, HTTPRepoPrivate::RequestFinish::Done);
+        }
 
       void onFail() override {
         HTTPRepository::ResultCode code = HTTPRepository::REPO_ERROR_SOCKET;
@@ -868,7 +1140,7 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
               return;
             }
 
-            std::string curHash = _directory->repository()->hashForPath(path());
+            std::string curHash = _directory->hashForPath(path());
             if (hash != curHash) {
               simgear::Dir d(_directory->absolutePath());
               if (!d.exists()) {
@@ -967,6 +1239,7 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
             http->cancelRequest(*rq, "Repository object deleted");
         }
 
+        flushHashCaches();
         directories.clear(); // wil delete them all
     }
 
@@ -986,154 +1259,6 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
         return r;
     }
 
-
-    class HashEntryWithPath
-    {
-    public:
-        HashEntryWithPath(const SGPath& p) : path(p.utf8Str()) {}
-        bool operator()(const HTTPRepoPrivate::HashCacheEntry& entry) const
-        { return entry.filePath == path; }
-    private:
-        std::string path;
-    };
-
-    std::string HTTPRepoPrivate::hashForPath(const SGPath& p)
-    {
-        HashCache::iterator it = std::find_if(hashes.begin(), hashes.end(), HashEntryWithPath(p));
-        if (it != hashes.end()) {
-            // ensure data on disk hasn't changed.
-            // we could also use the file type here if we were paranoid
-            if ((p.sizeInBytes() == it->lengthBytes) && (p.modTime() == it->modTime)) {
-                return it->hashHex;
-            }
-
-            // entry in the cache, but it's stale so remove and fall through
-            hashes.erase(it);
-        }
-
-        std::string hash = computeHashForPath(p);
-        updatedFileContents(p, hash);
-        return hash;
-    }
-
-    std::string HTTPRepoPrivate::computeHashForPath(const SGPath& p)
-    {
-        if (!p.exists())
-            return {};
-
-        sha1nfo info;
-        sha1_init(&info);
-
-        const int bufSize = 1024 * 1024;
-        char* buf = static_cast<char*>(malloc(bufSize));
-        if (!buf) {
-            sg_io_exception("Couldn't allocate SHA1 computation buffer");
-        }
-
-        size_t readLen;
-        SGBinaryFile f(p);
-        if (!f.open(SG_IO_IN)) {
-            free(buf);
-            throw sg_io_exception("Couldn't open file for compute hash", p);
-        }
-        while ((readLen = f.read(buf, bufSize)) > 0) {
-            sha1_write(&info, buf, readLen);
-        }
-
-        f.close();
-        free(buf);
-        std::string hashBytes((char*) sha1_result(&info), HASH_LENGTH);
-        return strutils::encodeHex(hashBytes);
-    }
-
-    void HTTPRepoPrivate::updatedFileContents(const SGPath& p, const std::string& newHash)
-    {
-        // remove the existing entry
-        auto it = std::find_if(hashes.begin(), hashes.end(), HashEntryWithPath(p));
-        if (it != hashes.end()) {
-            hashes.erase(it);
-            ++hashCacheDirty;
-        }
-
-        if (newHash.empty()) {
-            return; // we're done
-        }
-
-        // use a cloned SGPath and reset its caching to force one stat() call
-        SGPath p2(p);
-        p2.set_cached(false);
-        p2.set_cached(true);
-
-        HashCacheEntry entry;
-        entry.filePath = p.utf8Str();
-        entry.hashHex = newHash;
-        entry.modTime = p2.modTime();
-        entry.lengthBytes = p2.sizeInBytes();
-        hashes.push_back(entry);
-
-        ++hashCacheDirty ;
-    }
-
-    void HTTPRepoPrivate::writeHashCache()
-    {
-        if (hashCacheDirty == 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        SGPath cachePath = basePath;
-        cachePath.append(".hashes");
-        sg_ofstream stream(cachePath, std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc | std::ios::binary);
-        HashCache::const_iterator it;
-        for (it = hashes.begin(); it != hashes.end(); ++it) {
-            stream << it->filePath << "*" << it->modTime << "*"
-            << it->lengthBytes << "*" << it->hashHex << "\n";
-        }
-        stream.close();
-        hashCacheDirty = 0;
-    }
-
-    void HTTPRepoPrivate::parseHashCache()
-    {
-        hashes.clear();
-        SGPath cachePath = basePath;
-        cachePath.append(".hashes");
-        if (!cachePath.exists()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        sg_ifstream stream(cachePath, std::ios::in);
-
-        while (!stream.eof()) {
-            std::string line;
-            std::getline(stream,line);
-            line = simgear::strutils::strip(line);
-            if( line.empty() || line[0] == '#' )
-                continue;
-
-			string_list tokens = simgear::strutils::split(line, "*");
-            if( tokens.size() < 4 ) {
-                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN, "invalid entry in '" << cachePath << "': '" << line << "' (ignoring line)");
-                continue;
-            }
-            const std::string nameData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[0]);
-            const std::string timeData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[1]);
-            const std::string sizeData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[2]);
-            const std::string hashData = simgear::strutils::strip(tokens[3]);
-
-            if (nameData.empty() || timeData.empty() || sizeData.empty() || hashData.empty() ) {
-                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_WARN, "invalid entry in '" << cachePath << "': '" << line << "' (ignoring line)");
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            HashCacheEntry entry;
-            entry.filePath = nameData;
-            entry.hashHex = hashData;
-            entry.modTime = strtol(timeData.c_str(), NULL, 10);
-            entry.lengthBytes = strtol(sizeData.c_str(), NULL, 10);
-            hashes.push_back(entry);
-        }
-    }
-
     class DirectoryWithPath
     {
     public:
@@ -1163,16 +1288,12 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
         if (it != directories.end()) {
           assert((*it)->absolutePath() == absPath);
           directories.erase(it);
-                } else {
-			// we encounter this code path when deleting an orphaned directory
-		}
+        } else {
+            // we encounter this code path when deleting an orphaned directory
+        }
 
-		Dir dir(absPath);
+        Dir dir(absPath);
 		bool result = dir.remove(true);
-
-		// update the hash cache too
-		updatedFileContents(absPath, std::string());
-
         return result;
     }
 
@@ -1208,17 +1329,10 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
         http->makeRequest(rr);
       }
 
-      // rate limit how often we write this, since otherwise
-      // it dominates the time on Windows. 256 seems about right,
-      // causes a write a few times a minute.
-      if (hashCacheDirty > 256) {
-        writeHashCache();
-      }
-
-      if (activeRequests.empty() && queuedRequests.empty()) {
-        isUpdating = false;
-        writeHashCache();
+      if (countDirtyHashCaches() > 32) {
+          flushHashCaches();
       }
+      checkForComplete();
     }
 
     void HTTPRepoPrivate::failedToGetRootIndex(HTTPRepository::ResultCode st)
@@ -1279,4 +1393,38 @@ HTTPRepository::failure() const
           failures.end());
     }
 
+    void HTTPRepoPrivate::scheduleUpdateOfChildren(HTTPDirectory* dir)
+    {
+      auto updateChildTask = [dir](const HTTPRepoPrivate *) {
+        dir->updateChildrenBasedOnHash();
+        return ProcessDone;
+      };
+
+      addTask(updateChildTask);
+    }
+
+    void HTTPRepoPrivate::addTask(RepoProcessTask task) {
+      pendingTasks.push_back(task);
+    }
+
+    int HTTPRepoPrivate::countDirtyHashCaches() const
+    {
+        int result = rootDir->isHashCacheDirty() ? 1 : 0;
+        for (const auto& dir : directories) {
+            if (dir->isHashCacheDirty()) {
+                ++result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void HTTPRepoPrivate::flushHashCaches()
+    {
+        rootDir->writeHashCache();
+        for (const auto& dir : directories) {
+            dir->writeHashCache();
+        }
+    }
+
 } // of namespace simgear

simgear/io/HTTPRepository.hxx

@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@ public:
 
   virtual bool isDoingSync() const;
 
+  /**
+        @brief call this periodically to progress non-network tasks
+     */
+  void process();
+
   virtual ResultCode failure() const;
 
   virtual size_t bytesToDownload() const;

simgear/io/HTTPRepository_private.hxx

@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <deque>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <simgear/io/HTTPClient.hxx>
 #include <simgear/misc/sg_path.hxx>
@@ -48,20 +51,11 @@ protected:
   size_t _contentSize = 0;
 };
 
-typedef SGSharedPtr<HTTPRepoGetRequest> RepoRequestPtr;
+using RepoRequestPtr = SGSharedPtr<HTTPRepoGetRequest>;
 
 class HTTPRepoPrivate {
 public:
-  struct HashCacheEntry {
-    std::string filePath;
-    time_t modTime;
-    size_t lengthBytes;
-    std::string hashHex;
-  };
 
-  typedef std::vector<HashCacheEntry> HashCache;
-  HashCache hashes;
-  int hashCacheDirty = 0;
 
   HTTPRepository::FailureVec failures;
   int maxPermittedFailures = 16;
@@ -89,18 +83,14 @@ public:
   HTTP::Request_ptr updateDir(HTTPDirectory *dir, const std::string &hash,
                               size_t sz);
 
-  std::string hashForPath(const SGPath &p);
-  void updatedFileContents(const SGPath &p, const std::string &newHash);
-  void parseHashCache();
-  std::string computeHashForPath(const SGPath &p);
-  void writeHashCache();
-
   void failedToGetRootIndex(HTTPRepository::ResultCode st);
   void failedToUpdateChild(const SGPath &relativePath,
                            HTTPRepository::ResultCode fileStatus);
 
   void updatedChildSuccessfully(const SGPath &relativePath);
 
+  void checkForComplete();
+
   typedef std::vector<RepoRequestPtr> RequestVector;
   RequestVector queuedRequests, activeRequests;
 
@@ -113,10 +103,24 @@ public:
   HTTPDirectory *getOrCreateDirectory(const std::string &path);
   bool deleteDirectory(const std::string &relPath, const SGPath &absPath);
 
+
   typedef std::vector<HTTPDirectory_ptr> DirectoryVector;
   DirectoryVector directories;
 
+  void scheduleUpdateOfChildren(HTTPDirectory *dir);
+
   SGPath installedCopyPath;
+
+  int countDirtyHashCaches() const;
+  void flushHashCaches();
+
+  enum ProcessResult { ProcessContinue, ProcessDone, ProcessFailed };
+
+  using RepoProcessTask = std::function<ProcessResult(HTTPRepoPrivate *repo)>;
+
+  void addTask(RepoProcessTask task);
+
+  std::deque<RepoProcessTask> pendingTasks;
 };
 
 } // namespace simgear

simgear/io/iostreams/gzfstream.cxx

@@ -185,6 +185,9 @@ gzfilebuf::setcompressionstrategy( int comp_strategy )
 
 z_off_t
 gzfilebuf::approxOffset() {
+    #ifdef __OpenBSD__
+    z_off_t res = 0;
+    #else
     z_off_t res = gzoffset(file);
 
     if (res == -1) {
@@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ gzfilebuf::approxOffset() {
         SG_LOG( SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, errMsg );
         throw sg_io_exception(errMsg);
     }
-
+    #endif
     return res;
 }
 

simgear/io/sg_binobj.cxx

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 
 #include <simgear/bucket/newbucket.hxx>
 #include <simgear/misc/sg_path.hxx>
+#include <simgear/misc/strutils.hxx>
 #include <simgear/math/SGGeometry.hxx>
 #include <simgear/structure/exception.hxx>
 
@@ -563,6 +564,12 @@ bool SGBinObject::read_bin( const SGPath& file ) {
     // read headers
     unsigned int header;
     sgReadUInt( fp, &header );
+
+    if (sgReadError()) {
+        gzclose(fp);
+        throw sg_io_exception("Unable to read BTG header: " + simgear::strutils::error_string(errno), sg_location(file));
+    }
+
     if ( ((header & 0xFF000000) >> 24) == 'S' &&
          ((header & 0x00FF0000) >> 16) == 'G' ) {
 

simgear/io/test_repository.cxx

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ using TestApi = simgear::HTTP::TestApi;
 
 std::string dataForFile(const std::string& parentName, const std::string& name, int revision)
 {
+    if (name == "zeroByteFile") {
+        return {};
+    }
+
     std::ostringstream os;
     // random content but which definitely depends on our tree location
     // and revision.
@@ -409,6 +413,7 @@ void waitForUpdateComplete(HTTP::Client* cl, HTTPRepository* repo)
         cl->update();
         testServer.poll();
 
+        repo->process();
         if (!repo->isDoingSync()) {
             return;
         }
@@ -423,6 +428,7 @@ void runForTime(HTTP::Client *cl, HTTPRepository *repo, int msec = 15) {
   while (start.elapsedMSec() < msec) {
     cl->update();
     testServer.poll();
+    repo->process();
     SGTimeStamp::sleepForMSec(1);
   }
 }
@@ -444,6 +450,7 @@ void testBasicClone(HTTP::Client* cl)
     verifyFileState(p, "fileA");
     verifyFileState(p, "dirA/subdirA/fileAAA");
     verifyFileState(p, "dirC/subdirA/subsubA/fileCAAA");
+    verifyFileState(p, "dirA/subdirA/zeroByteFile");
 
     global_repo->findEntry("fileA")->revision++;
     global_repo->findEntry("dirB/subdirA/fileBAA")->revision++;
@@ -909,6 +916,8 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[])
     global_repo->defineFile("dirA/fileAC");
     global_repo->defineFile("dirA/subdirA/fileAAA");
     global_repo->defineFile("dirA/subdirA/fileAAB");
+    global_repo->defineFile("dirA/subdirA/zeroByteFile");
+
     global_repo->defineFile("dirB/subdirA/fileBAA");
     global_repo->defineFile("dirB/subdirA/fileBAB");
     global_repo->defineFile("dirB/subdirA/fileBAC");

simgear/io/untar.cxx

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 #include <simgear/sg_inlines.h>
 #include <simgear/io/sg_file.hxx>
 #include <simgear/misc/sg_dir.hxx>
+#include <simgear/misc/strutils.hxx>
+
 #include <simgear/io/iostreams/sgstream.hxx>
 #include <simgear/debug/logstream.hxx>
 #include <simgear/package/unzip.h>
@@ -509,32 +511,34 @@ public:
 		const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 1024;
 		void* buf = malloc(BUFFER_SIZE);
 
-		try {
-			int result = unzGoToFirstFile(zip);
-			if (result != UNZ_OK) {
-				throw sg_exception("failed to go to first file in archive");
-			}
-
-			while (true) {
-				extractCurrentFile(zip, (char*)buf, BUFFER_SIZE);
-				if (state == FILTER_STOPPED) {
-					break;
-				}
-
-				result = unzGoToNextFile(zip);
-				if (result == UNZ_END_OF_LIST_OF_FILE) {
-					break;
-				}
-				else if (result != UNZ_OK) {
-					throw sg_io_exception("failed to go to next file in the archive");
-				}
-			}
-			state = END_OF_ARCHIVE;
-		}
-		catch (sg_exception&) {
+        int result = unzGoToFirstFile(zip);
+        if (result != UNZ_OK) {
+            SG_LOG(SG_IO, SG_ALERT, outer->rootPath() << "failed to go to first file in archive:" << result);
             state = BAD_ARCHIVE;
+            free(buf);
+            unzClose(zip);
+            return;
         }
-        
+
+        while (true) {
+            extractCurrentFile(zip, (char*)buf, BUFFER_SIZE);
+            if (state == FILTER_STOPPED) {
+                state = END_OF_ARCHIVE;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            result = unzGoToNextFile(zip);
+            if (result == UNZ_END_OF_LIST_OF_FILE) {
+                state = END_OF_ARCHIVE;
+                break;
+            } else if (result != UNZ_OK) {
+                SG_LOG(SG_IO, SG_ALERT, outer->rootPath() << "failed to go to next file in archive:" << result);
+                state = BAD_ARCHIVE;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+
         free(buf);
         unzClose(zip);
     }
@@ -592,7 +596,7 @@ public:
 
 		outFile.open(path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc | std::ios::out);
 		if (outFile.fail()) {
-			throw sg_io_exception("failed to open output file for writing", path);
+			throw sg_io_exception("failed to open output file for writing:" + strutils::error_string(errno), path);
 		}
 
 		while (!eof) {

simgear/io/untar.hxx

@@ -70,6 +70,11 @@ public:
 		Stop
 	};
 
+    SGPath rootPath() const
+    {
+        return _rootPath;
+    }
+
 protected:
 
 

simgear/math/SGGeod.hxx

@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ public:
   /// Default constructor, initializes the instance to lat = lon = elev = 0
   SGGeod(void);
 
+  /**
+    return an SGGeod for which isValid() returns false.
+    This is necessaerby becuase for historical reasons, ther defaulrt constructor above initialsies to zero,zero,zero
+    which *is*
+   */
+  static SGGeod invalid();
+
   /// Factory from angular values in radians and elevation is 0
   static SGGeod fromRad(double lon, double lat);
   /// Factory from angular values in degrees and elevation is 0

simgear/math/SGGeodesy.cxx

@@ -663,3 +663,8 @@ SGGeodesy::radialIntersection(const SGGeod& a, double aRadial,
   result = SGGeod::fromGeoc(r);
   return true;
 }
+
+SGGeod SGGeod::invalid()
+{
+    return SGGeod::fromDeg(-999.9, -999.0);
+}

simgear/nasal/code.c

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ void naFreeContext(naContext c)
     // than I have right now. So instead I'm clearing the stack tops here, so
     // a freed context looks the same as a new one returned by initContext.
 
-    c->fTop = c->opTop = c->markTop = 0;
+    c->fTop = c->opTop = c->markTop = c->ntemps = 0;
 
     c->nextFree = globals->freeContexts;
     globals->freeContexts = c;

simgear/nasal/cppbind/NasalEmesaryInterface.hxx

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace nasal
 
     class NasalMainLoopRecipient : public simgear::Emesary::IReceiver {
     public:
-        NasalMainLoopRecipient() : receiveCount(0) {
+        NasalMainLoopRecipient() : receiveCount(0), Active(false), CanWait(false) {
             simgear::Emesary::GlobalTransmitter::instance()->Register(*this);
         }
         virtual ~NasalMainLoopRecipient() {

simgear/nasal/misc.c

@@ -100,7 +100,14 @@ naRef naNewHash(struct Context* c)
 
 naRef naNewCode(struct Context* c)
 {
-    return naNew(c, T_CODE);
+    naRef r = naNew(c, T_CODE);
+    // naNew can return a previously used naCode. naCodeGen will init
+    // all these members but a GC can occur inside naCodeGen, so we see
+    // partially initalized state here. To avoid this, clear out the values
+    // which mark() cares about.
+    PTR(r).code->srcFile = naNil();
+    PTR(r).code->nConstants = 0;
+    return r;
 }
 
 naRef naNewCCode(struct Context* c, naCFunction fptr)

simgear/package/Root.cxx

@@ -722,12 +722,6 @@ void Root::catalogRefreshStatus(CatalogRef aCat, Delegate::StatusCode aReason)
     auto catIt = d->catalogs.find(aCat->id());
     d->fireRefreshStatus(aCat, aReason);
 
-    if (aReason == Delegate::STATUS_IN_PROGRESS) {
-        d->refreshing.insert(aCat);
-    } else {
-        d->refreshing.erase(aCat);
-    }
-
     if (aCat->isUserEnabled() &&
         (aReason == Delegate::STATUS_REFRESHED) && 
         (catIt == d->catalogs.end())) 
@@ -761,6 +755,17 @@ void Root::catalogRefreshStatus(CatalogRef aCat, Delegate::StatusCode aReason)
         }
     } // of catalog is disabled
 
+    // remove from refreshing /after/ checking for enable / disabled, since for
+    // new catalogs, the reference in d->refreshing might be our /only/
+    // reference to the catalog. Once the refresh is done (either failed or
+    // succeeded) the Catalog will be in either d->catalogs or
+    // d->disabledCatalogs
+    if (aReason == Delegate::STATUS_IN_PROGRESS) {
+      d->refreshing.insert(aCat);
+    } else {
+      d->refreshing.erase(aCat);
+    }
+
     if (d->refreshing.empty()) {
         d->fireRefreshStatus(CatalogRef(), Delegate::STATUS_REFRESHED);
         d->firePackagesChanged();

simgear/props/AtomicChangeListener.cxx

@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ void AtomicChangeListener::fireChangeListeners()
     listeners.clear();
 }
 
+void AtomicChangeListener::clearPendingChanges()
+{
+    auto& listeners = ListenerListSingleton::instance()->listeners;
+    listeners.clear();
+}
+
 void AtomicChangeListener::valueChangedImplementation()
 {
     if (!_dirty) {

simgear/props/AtomicChangeListener.hxx

@@ -52,7 +52,17 @@ public:
     bool isDirty() { return _dirty; }
     bool isValid() { return _valid; }
     virtual void unregister_property(SGPropertyNode* node) override;
+
     static void fireChangeListeners();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Ensure we've deleted any pending changes. 
+     * 
+     * This is important in shutdown and reset, to avoid holding
+     * property listeners around after the property tree is destroyed
+     */
+    static void clearPendingChanges();
+
 private:
     virtual void valueChangedImplementation() override;
     virtual void valuesChanged();

simgear/props/props.cxx

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iterator>
+#include <exception> // can't use sg_exception becuase of PROPS_STANDALONE
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -51,11 +55,15 @@ using namespace simgear;
 
 struct SGPropertyNodeListeners
 {
+  /* Protect _num_iterators and _items. We use a recursive mutex to allow
+  nested access to work as normal. */
+  std::recursive_mutex  _rmutex;
+
   /* This keeps a count of the current number of nested invocations of
   forEachListener(). If non-zero, other code higher up the stack is iterating
   _items[] so for example code must not erase items in the vector. */
   int _num_iterators = 0;
-  
+
   std::vector<SGPropertyChangeListener *> _items;
 };
 
@@ -2406,6 +2414,7 @@ SGPropertyNode::addChangeListener (SGPropertyChangeListener * listener,
   if (_listeners == 0)
     _listeners = new SGPropertyNodeListeners;
 
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_listeners->_rmutex);
   /* If there's a nullptr entry (a listener that was unregistered), we
   overwrite it. This ensures that listeners that routinely unregister+register
   themselves don't make _listeners->_items grow unnecessarily. Otherwise simply
@@ -2429,9 +2438,13 @@ SGPropertyNode::removeChangeListener (SGPropertyChangeListener * listener)
 {
   if (_listeners == 0)
     return;
+  /* We use a std::unique_lock rather than a std::lock_guard because we may
+  need to unlock early. */
+  std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_listeners->_rmutex);
   vector<SGPropertyChangeListener*>::iterator it =
     find(_listeners->_items.begin(), _listeners->_items.end(), listener);
   if (it != _listeners->_items.end()) {
+    assert(_listeners->_num_iterators >= 0);
     if (_listeners->_num_iterators) {
       /* _listeners._items is currently being iterated further up the stack in
       this thread by one or more nested invocations of forEachListener(), so
@@ -2450,6 +2463,7 @@ SGPropertyNode::removeChangeListener (SGPropertyChangeListener * listener)
       _listeners->_items.erase(it);
       listener->unregister_property(this);
       if (_listeners->_items.empty()) {
+        lock.unlock();
         delete _listeners;
         _listeners = 0;
       }
@@ -2511,9 +2525,11 @@ static void forEachListener(
     )
 {
   if (!_listeners) return;
-  
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_listeners->_rmutex);
+  assert(_listeners->_num_iterators >= 0);
   _listeners->_num_iterators += 1;
-  
+
   /* We need to use an index here when iterating _listeners->_items, not an
   iterator. This is because a listener may add new listeners, causing the
   vector to be reallocated, which would invalidate any iterator. */
@@ -2528,10 +2544,12 @@ static void forEachListener(
       }
     }
   }
-  
+
   _listeners->_num_iterators -= 1;
-  
+  assert(_listeners->_num_iterators >= 0);
+
   if (_listeners->_num_iterators == 0) {
+
     /* Remove any items that have been set to nullptr. */
     _listeners->_items.erase(
         std::remove(_listeners->_items.begin(), _listeners->_items.end(), (SGPropertyChangeListener*) nullptr),
@@ -2547,6 +2565,7 @@ static void forEachListener(
 int SGPropertyNode::nListeners() const
 {
   if (!_listeners) return 0;
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_listeners->_rmutex);
   int   n = 0;
   for (auto listener: _listeners->_items) {
     if (listener)   n += 1;

simgear/scene/material/Effect.cxx

@@ -1481,10 +1481,8 @@ void mergeSchemesFallbacks(Effect *effect, const SGReaderWriterOptions *options)
 
 // Walk the techniques property tree, building techniques and
 // passes.
-static std::mutex  realizeTechniques_lock;
 bool Effect::realizeTechniques(const SGReaderWriterOptions* options)
 {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(realizeTechniques_lock);
     if (getPropertyRoot()->getBoolValue("/sim/version/compositor-support", false))
         mergeSchemesFallbacks(this, options);
 

simgear/scene/model/ModelRegistry.cxx

@@ -393,6 +393,10 @@ ModelRegistry::readImage(const string& fileName,
                         isEffect = true;
 //                        can_compress = false;
                     }
+                    else if (sgoptC && !transparent && sgoptC->getLoadOriginHint() == SGReaderWriterOptions::LoadOriginHint::ORIGIN_CANVAS) {
+                        SG_LOG(SG_IO, SG_INFO, "From Canvas " + absFileName + " will generate mipmap only");
+                        can_compress = false;
+                    }
                     if (can_compress)
                     {
                         std::string pot_message;

simgear/scene/tgdb/ReaderWriterSPT.cxx

@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ ReaderWriterSPT::createTree(const BucketBox& bucketBox, const LocalOptions& opti
 osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node>
 ReaderWriterSPT::createPagedLOD(const BucketBox& bucketBox, const LocalOptions& options) const
 {
-    osg::PagedLOD* pagedLOD = new osg::PagedLOD;
+    osg::ref_ptr<osg::PagedLOD> pagedLOD = new osg::PagedLOD;
 
     pagedLOD->setCenterMode(osg::PagedLOD::USER_DEFINED_CENTER);
     SGSpheref sphere = bucketBox.getBoundingSphere();

simgear/scene/tgdb/ReaderWriterSTG.cxx

@@ -212,7 +212,8 @@ struct ReaderWriterSTG::_ModelBin {
             STGObjectsQuadtree quadtree((GetModelLODCoord()), (AddModelLOD()));
             quadtree.buildQuadTree(_objectStaticList.begin(), _objectStaticList.end());
             osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> group = quadtree.getRoot();
-            group->setName("STG-group-A");
+            string group_name = string("STG-group-A ").append(_bucket.gen_index_str());
+            group->setName(group_name);
             group->setDataVariance(osg::Object::STATIC);
 
             simgear::AirportSignBuilder signBuilder(_options->getMaterialLib(), _bucket.get_center());
@@ -586,10 +587,12 @@ struct ReaderWriterSTG::_ModelBin {
     {
         osg::ref_ptr<SGReaderWriterOptions> options;
         options = SGReaderWriterOptions::copyOrCreate(opt);
+        float pagedLODExpiry = atoi(options->getPluginStringData("SimGear::PAGED_LOD_EXPIRY").c_str());
 
         osg::ref_ptr<osg::Group> terrainGroup = new osg::Group;
         terrainGroup->setDataVariance(osg::Object::STATIC);
-        terrainGroup->setName("terrain");
+        std::string terrain_name = string("terrain ").append(bucket.gen_index_str());
+        terrainGroup->setName(terrain_name);
 
         if (_foundBase) {
             for (auto stgObject : _objectList) {
@@ -637,11 +640,13 @@ struct ReaderWriterSTG::_ModelBin {
         } else {
             osg::PagedLOD* pagedLOD = new osg::PagedLOD;
             pagedLOD->setCenterMode(osg::PagedLOD::USE_BOUNDING_SPHERE_CENTER);
-            pagedLOD->setName("pagedObjectLOD");
+            std::string name = string("pagedObjectLOD ").append(bucket.gen_index_str());
+            pagedLOD->setName(name);
 
             // This should be visible in any case.
             // If this is replaced by some lower level of detail, the parent LOD node handles this.
             pagedLOD->addChild(terrainGroup, 0, std::numeric_limits<float>::max());
+            pagedLOD->setMinimumExpiryTime(0, pagedLODExpiry);
 
             // we just need to know about the read file callback that itself holds the data
             osg::ref_ptr<DelayLoadReadFileCallback> readFileCallback = new DelayLoadReadFileCallback;
@@ -658,10 +663,11 @@ struct ReaderWriterSTG::_ModelBin {
 
             // Objects may end up displayed up to 2x the object range.
             pagedLOD->setRange(pagedLOD->getNumChildren(), 0, 2.0 * _object_range_rough);
+            pagedLOD->setMinimumExpiryTime(pagedLOD->getNumChildren(), pagedLODExpiry);
             pagedLOD->setRadius(SG_TILE_RADIUS);
-            SG_LOG( SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Tile PagedLOD Center: " << pagedLOD->getCenter().x() << "," << pagedLOD->getCenter().y() << "," << pagedLOD->getCenter().z() );
-            SG_LOG( SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Tile PagedLOD Range: " << (2.0 * _object_range_rough));
-            SG_LOG( SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Tile PagedLOD Radius: " << SG_TILE_RADIUS);
+            SG_LOG( SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Tile " << bucket.gen_index_str() << " PagedLOD Center: " << pagedLOD->getCenter().x() << "," << pagedLOD->getCenter().y() << "," << pagedLOD->getCenter().z() );
+            SG_LOG( SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Tile " << bucket.gen_index_str() << " PagedLOD Range: " << (2.0 * _object_range_rough));
+            SG_LOG( SG_TERRAIN, SG_DEBUG, "Tile " << bucket.gen_index_str() << " PagedLOD Radius: " << SG_TILE_RADIUS);
             return pagedLOD;
         }
     }

simgear/scene/tsync/terrasync.cxx

@@ -334,6 +334,10 @@ public:
     void runInternal();
     void updateSyncSlot(SyncSlot& slot);
 
+    void beginSyncAirports(SyncSlot& slot);
+    void beginSyncTile(SyncSlot& slot);
+    void beginNormalSync(SyncSlot& slot);
+
     void drainWaitingTiles();
 
     // commond helpers between both internal and external models
@@ -547,6 +551,7 @@ void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::run()
 void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::updateSyncSlot(SyncSlot &slot)
 {
     if (slot.repository.get()) {
+        slot.repository->process();
         if (slot.repository->isDoingSync()) {
 #if 1
             if (slot.stamp.elapsedMSec() > (int)slot.nextWarnTimeout) {
@@ -567,6 +572,15 @@ void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::updateSyncSlot(SyncSlot &slot)
             notFound(slot.currentItem);
         } else if (res != HTTPRepository::REPO_NO_ERROR) {
             fail(slot.currentItem);
+
+            // in case the Airports_archive download fails, create the
+            // directory, so that next sync, we do a manual sync
+            if ((slot.currentItem._type == SyncItem::AirportData) && slot.isNewDirectory) {
+                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Failed to download Airports_archive, will download discrete files next time");
+                simgear::Dir d(_local_dir + "/Airports");
+                d.create(0755);
+                _completedTiles.erase(slot.currentItem._dir);
+            }
         } else {
             updated(slot.currentItem, slot.isNewDirectory);
             SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_DEBUG, "sync of " << slot.repository->baseUrl() << " finished ("
@@ -588,47 +602,14 @@ void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::updateSyncSlot(SyncSlot &slot)
         SGPath path(_local_dir);
         path.append(slot.currentItem._dir);
         slot.isNewDirectory = !path.exists();
-        if (slot.isNewDirectory) {
-            int rc = path.create_dir( 0755 );
-            if (rc) {
-                SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC,SG_ALERT,
-                       "Cannot create directory '" << path << "', return code = " << rc );
-                fail(slot.currentItem);
-                return;
-            }
-        } // of creating directory step
-
-        // optimise initial Airport download
-        if (slot.isNewDirectory &&
-            (slot.currentItem._type == SyncItem::AirportData)) {
-          SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_INFO, "doing Airports download via tarball");
-
-          // we want to sync the 'root' TerraSync dir, but not all of it, just
-          // the Airports_archive.tar.gz file so we use our TerraSync local root
-          // as the path (since the archive will add Airports/)
-          slot.repository.reset(new HTTPRepository(_local_dir, &_http));
-          slot.repository->setBaseUrl(_httpServer + "/");
-
-          // filter callback to *only* sync the Airport_archive tarball,
-          // and ensure no other contents are touched
-          auto f = [](const HTTPRepository::SyncItem &item) {
-            if (!item.directory.empty())
-              return false;
-            return (item.filename.find("Airports_archive.") == 0);
-          };
-
-          slot.repository->setFilter(f);
+        const auto type = slot.currentItem._type;
 
+        if (type == SyncItem::AirportData) {
+            beginSyncAirports(slot);
+        } else if (type == SyncItem::Tile) {
+            beginSyncTile(slot);
         } else {
-          slot.repository.reset(new HTTPRepository(path, &_http));
-          slot.repository->setBaseUrl(_httpServer + "/" +
-                                      slot.currentItem._dir);
-        }
-
-        if (_installRoot.exists()) {
-            SGPath p = _installRoot;
-            p.append(slot.currentItem._dir);
-            slot.repository->setInstalledCopyPath(p);
+            beginNormalSync(slot);
         }
 
         try {
@@ -651,6 +632,96 @@ void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::updateSyncSlot(SyncSlot &slot)
     }
 }
 
+void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::beginSyncAirports(SyncSlot& slot)
+{
+    if (!slot.isNewDirectory) {
+        beginNormalSync(slot);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_INFO, "doing Airports download via tarball");
+
+    // we want to sync the 'root' TerraSync dir, but not all of it, just
+    // the Airports_archive.tar.gz file so we use our TerraSync local root
+    // as the path (since the archive will add Airports/)
+    slot.repository.reset(new HTTPRepository(_local_dir, &_http));
+    slot.repository->setBaseUrl(_httpServer);
+
+    // filter callback to *only* sync the Airport_archive tarball,
+    // and ensure no other contents are touched
+    auto f = [](const HTTPRepository::SyncItem& item) {
+        if (!item.directory.empty())
+            return false;
+        return (item.filename.find("Airports_archive.") == 0);
+    };
+
+    slot.repository->setFilter(f);
+}
+
+void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::beginSyncTile(SyncSlot& slot)
+{
+    // avoid 404 requests by doing a sync which excludes all paths
+    // except our tile path. In the case of a missing 1x1 tile, we will
+    // stop becuase all directories are filtered out, which is what we want
+
+    auto comps = strutils::split(slot.currentItem._dir, "/");
+    if (comps.size() != 3) {
+        SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Bad tile path:" << slot.currentItem._dir);
+        beginNormalSync(slot);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto tileCategory = comps.front();
+    const auto tenByTenDir = comps.at(1);
+    const auto oneByOneDir = comps.at(2);
+
+    const auto path = SGPath::fromUtf8(_local_dir) / tileCategory;
+    slot.repository.reset(new HTTPRepository(path, &_http));
+    slot.repository->setBaseUrl(_httpServer + "/" + tileCategory);
+
+    if (_installRoot.exists()) {
+      SGPath p = _installRoot / tileCategory;
+      slot.repository->setInstalledCopyPath(p);
+    }
+
+    const auto dirPrefix = tenByTenDir + "/" + oneByOneDir;
+
+    // filter callback to *only* sync the 1x1 dir we want, if it exists
+    // if doesn't, we'll simply stop, which is what we want
+    auto f = [tenByTenDir, oneByOneDir, dirPrefix](const HTTPRepository::SyncItem& item) {
+        // only allow the specific 10x10 and 1x1 dirs we want
+        if (item.directory.empty()) {
+            return item.filename == tenByTenDir;
+        } else if (item.directory == tenByTenDir) {
+            return item.filename == oneByOneDir;
+        }
+
+        // allow arbitrary children below dirPrefix, including sub-dirs
+        if (item.directory.find(dirPrefix) == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        SG_LOG(SG_TERRASYNC, SG_ALERT, "Tile sync: saw weird path:" << item.directory << " file " << item.filename);
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    slot.repository->setFilter(f);
+}
+
+void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::beginNormalSync(SyncSlot& slot)
+{
+    SGPath path(_local_dir);
+    path.append(slot.currentItem._dir);
+    slot.repository.reset(new HTTPRepository(path, &_http));
+    slot.repository->setBaseUrl(_httpServer + "/" + slot.currentItem._dir);
+
+    if (_installRoot.exists()) {
+      SGPath p = _installRoot;
+      p.append(slot.currentItem._dir);
+      slot.repository->setInstalledCopyPath(p);
+    }
+}
+
 void SGTerraSync::WorkerThread::runInternal()
 {
     while (!_stop) {

simgear/scene/util/SGReaderWriterOptions.hxx

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public:
         ORIGIN_EFFECTS,
         ORIGIN_EFFECTS_NORMALIZED,
         ORIGIN_SPLASH_SCREEN,
+        ORIGIN_CANVAS,
     };
 
     //SGReaderWriterOptions* cloneOptions(const osg::CopyOp& copyop = osg::CopyOp::SHALLOW_COPY) const { return static_cast<SGReaderWriterOptions*>(clone(copyop)); }

simgear/structure/SGAction.cxx

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+
+
+#if 0
+
+set bindings for action seperate from defintion ?
+    - in XML, especially aircraft XML
+
+define actions from command / Nasal
+add behaviours from Nasal 
+
+define keymapping
+    - manager of keybindings defined against actions?
+    - for a toggle or enum, define behaviour
+        - each key repeat cycles
+        - alternate key to go the other way (G/shift-G)
+
+release bindings for momentary actions:
+    button up / key-up
+
+send activate, release
+
+    send deactivate, release for 'alternate' action
+
+#endif
+
+
+void SGAction::setValueExpression()
+{
+    // watch all the properties
+}
+
+void SGAction::setValueCondition()
+{
+    // 
+}
+
+void SGAction::updateProperties()
+{
+    //
+    _node->setBoolValue("enabled", isEnabled());
+    switch (_type) {
+    case Momentary:
+    case Toggle:
+        _node->setBoolValue("value", getValue());
+        break;
+
+    case Enumerated: 
+        if (!_valueEnumeration.empty()) {
+            // map to the string value
+            _node->setStringValue("value", _valueEnumeration.at(getValue()));
+        } else {
+            // set as an integer
+            _node->setIntValue("value", getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // set description
+}
+
+bool SGAction::isEnabled()
+{
+    if (_enableCondition) {
+
+    } else {
+        return _enabled;
+    }
+
+    updateProperties();
+}
+
+int SGAction::getValue()
+{
+    if (type == Enumerated) {
+        if (_valueExpression) {
+            // invoke it
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (_valueCondition) {
+            return _valueCondition.test();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return _value;
+}
+
+// commands enable-action, disable-action

simgear/structure/StateMachine.cxx

@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ void StateMachine::initFromPlist(SGPropertyNode* desc, SGPropertyNode* root)
         std::string nm = stateDesc->getStringValue("name");
 
         if (nm.empty()) {
-          SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, "No name found for state in branch " << path);
+          SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEV_ALERT, "No name found for state in branch " << path);
           throw sg_exception("No name element in state");
         }
 
@@ -464,8 +464,8 @@ void StateMachine::initFromPlist(SGPropertyNode* desc, SGPropertyNode* root)
         std::string target_id = tDesc->getStringValue("target");
 
         if (nm.empty()) {
-          SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, "No name found for transition in branch " << path);
-          throw sg_exception("No name element in transition");
+          SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_DEV_WARN, "No name found for transition in branch " << path);
+          nm = "transition-to-" + target_id;
         }
 
         if (target_id.empty()) {

simgear/structure/subsystem_mgr.cxx

@@ -30,9 +30,10 @@
 #include "subsystem_mgr.hxx"
 #include "commands.hxx"
 
-#include <simgear/props/props.hxx>
-#include <simgear/math/SGMath.hxx>
 #include "SGSmplstat.hxx"
+#include <simgear/debug/ErrorReportingCallback.hxx>
+#include <simgear/math/SGMath.hxx>
+#include <simgear/props/props.hxx>
 
 const int SG_MAX_SUBSYSTEM_EXCEPTIONS = 4;
 const char SUBSYSTEM_NAME_SEPARATOR = '.';
@@ -828,8 +829,18 @@ SGSubsystemGroup::Member::update (double delta_time_sec)
       if (++exceptionCount > SG_MAX_SUBSYSTEM_EXCEPTIONS) {
         SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, "(exceptionCount=" << exceptionCount <<
           ", suspending)");
+        simgear::reportError("suspending subsystem after too many errors:" + name);
         subsystem->suspend();
       }
+    } catch (std::bad_alloc& ba) {
+        // attempting to track down source of these on Sentry.io
+        SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, "caught bad_alloc processing subsystem:" << name);
+        simgear::reportError("caught bad_alloc processing subsystem:" + name);
+
+        if (++exceptionCount > SG_MAX_SUBSYSTEM_EXCEPTIONS) {
+            SG_LOG(SG_GENERAL, SG_ALERT, "(exceptionCount=" << exceptionCount << ", suspending)");
+            subsystem->suspend();
+        }
     }
 }