Florent Rougon e59f8eda74 Embedded resources system: SimGear part
Add the EmbeddedResourceManager class as well as
AbstractEmbeddedResource and two derived concrete classes:
RawEmbeddedResource and ZlibEmbeddedResource.

The purpose of this is to provide a way for FlightGear to use data from
files without relying on FG_ROOT to be set. The whole system (SimGear
and FlightGear parts) was described in detail at [1]. I'll probably
include a copy in $FG_ROOT/Docs too for fear of the link becoming dead
one day.

Basically, classes derived from AbstractEmbeddedResource provide access
to some data---the source of which is a priori of static storage
class---and handle the conversion from whatever format it is stored in
to allow convenient use of said data. At the very least, they allow
obtaining ready-to-use data as an std::string, as well as reading it
incrementally via an std::streambuf or an std::istream interface.
ZlibEmbeddedResource instances also provide access to the compressed
size of the data (i.e., as stored in static memory) as well as its
uncompressed size, without requiring any prior decompression.

EmbeddedResourceManager is a class which FlightGear will normally
instantiate exactly once---it has createInstance() and instance() static
methods for this. It maintains a map between resource paths and
instances of concrete classes derived from AbstractEmbeddedResource. It
also provides convenience methods allowing to access a resource data in
one step (not requiring to manually fetch the
AbstractEmbeddedResource-derived object corresponding to the given
resource path before calling the appropriate method of this object).

From the EmbeddedResourceManager's point of view, resource paths (keys
of the map) are just plain std::string instances in the current
implementation. However, unless there is a good reason not to, I think
it's a good idea to only use values obtained with SGPath::utf8Str()[2].
This is precisely what fgrcc, the resource compiler in the FlightGear
repository, does; so, unless you register resources manually, your
resource paths will automatically comply with this suggestion.

[1] https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/message/35870025/
[2] This allows later addition of methods listing all resources under a
    given virtual path, as well as optimized resource lookup using a
    tree-like data structure instead of an std::unordered_map (not
    justified now IMO).
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SimGear - Simulator Construction Tools
======================================
http://www.flightgear.org

SimGear is a set of open-source libraries designed to be used as building
blocks for quickly assembling 3d simulations, games, and visualization
applications.

SimGear is developed by the FlightGear project and also provides the base
for the FlightGear Flight Simulator.

Source code for SimGear is released under the GNU Library General Public
License (LGPL) - see COPYING for license details.

See INSTALL file for help on building SimGear.
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