Swap conditional ordering

Co-authored-by: Robin <robin@robin.town>

AGENTS.md

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ pnpm i18n:check
 - View model + marble tests, thin view, a story per state, an e2e spec.
 - Any new shared component called out explicitly, with why nothing existing fit.
 - Template filled for real: what, why, before/after screenshots, repro steps.
+- Comments only where the code can't give the reason — see
+  [code-style.md](docs/agents/code-style.md#comments).
 - Anything that redraws continuously — an animation frame, a stream — says what it
   costs, or better, counts the redraws in a test.
 - Branch `<handle>/<topic>`. Plain imperative commit subjects, no prefixes.

docker-compose-playwright.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ services:
       - ./backend/playwright_homeserver-othersite.yaml:/data/cfg/homeserver.yaml:Z
   element-web:
     # Pin to a SHA so that upstream cannot break our tests. Renovate handles regular updates.
-    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:6ed62b2963ae098a1f79521eb516834dcf29452168e281cc359d9cfb4380adf6
+    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:cfbe7ceb346918257ef07cb25f7b9b03ec0575ecb5ce51dfeeef873e67c60c95
   element-web-1:
     # Pin to a SHA so that upstream cannot break our tests. Renovate handles regular updates.
-    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:6ed62b2963ae098a1f79521eb516834dcf29452168e281cc359d9cfb4380adf6
+    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:cfbe7ceb346918257ef07cb25f7b9b03ec0575ecb5ce51dfeeef873e67c60c95

docs/agents/code-style.md

@@ -31,7 +31,28 @@ copy, the PR says so.
 - **Suites.** Test cases first, helpers below. Older suites invert this; follow the
   rule in new ones, don't reorder old ones.
 - **Names.** What a thing means, not what it is made of: `naturalLayout$`, not
-  `computedLayout$`. Comments explain why, never what.
+  `computedLayout$`.
+
+## Comments
+
+No comment is the default. One earns its place by giving a reason the code
+cannot: a platform quirk, an outside constraint, a trap that looks like a
+simplification.
+
+- Say the reason, then stop. Test each sentence: does the reason still stand
+  without it? If so, cut it. Most reasons fit on a line, so a long comment is
+  worth a second look — it is usually carrying something that isn't one.
+- Write about the line the comment sits on, in terms of what the code does
+  there — leave layout to the stylesheet and measurements to the design.
+- Name the condition ("where the platform can't route audio"), not the browser
+  or the spec entry.
+- Put history — what was tried, removed or rejected, the dev journal — in the
+  commit or the PR description.
+- In tests, comment only structure that looks wrong but isn't: batching, timers,
+  why this scroll position.
+
+Before keeping one: would it still be true after a CSS change or a refactor of
+its caller? If not, cut it.
 
 ## TypeScript, React and RxJS idiom win on a clash
 

locales/en/app.json

@@ -163,6 +163,12 @@
   "login_auth_links_prompt": "Not registered yet?",
   "login_subheading": "To continue to Element",
   "login_title": "Login",
+  "microphone_level": {
+    "label": "Microphone level",
+    "no_device": "No microphone found. Connect one, then try again.",
+    "permission_denied": "Microphone access is blocked. Allow it, then try again.",
+    "value": "{{level}} of {{max}}"
+  },
   "microphone_off": "Microphone off",
   "microphone_on": "Microphone on",
   "mute_microphone_button_label": "Mute microphone",
@@ -215,11 +221,14 @@
       "activating": "Activating…",
       "camera": "Camera",
       "camera_numbered": "Camera {{n}}",
+      "camera_source": "Camera Source",
       "change_device_button": "Change audio device",
       "default": "Default",
       "default_named": "Default <2>({{name}})</2>",
+      "default_named_plain": "Default ({{name}})",
       "handset": "Handset",
       "loudspeaker": "Loudspeaker",
+      "mic_source": "Mic Source",
       "microphone": "Microphone",
       "microphone_numbered": "Microphone {{n}}",
       "speaker": "Speaker",

package.json

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
     "@types/sdp-transform": "^2.4.5",
     "@typescript-eslint/utils": "^8.61.0",
     "@use-gesture/react": "^10.2.11",
-    "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens": "^10.0.0",
+    "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens": "^11.0.0",
     "@vector-im/compound-web": "^10.0.0",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^6.0.2",
     "@vitest/browser-playwright": "^4.1.5",
@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@
     "matrix-widget-api": "^1.18.0",
     "node-stdlib-browser": "^1.3.1",
     "normalize.css": "^8.0.1",
-    "observable-hooks": "^4.2.3",
     "oxfmt": "^0.66.0",
     "oxlint": "^1.70.0",
     "oxlint-tsgolint": "^0.25.0",

playwright/audio-menu.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { expect, test, type Locator, type Page } from "@playwright/test";
+
+import { SpaHelpers } from "./spa-helpers.ts";
+import { installFakeDevices } from "./utils/fake-devices.ts";
+
+test.describe("the quick audio menu", () => {
+  test("lists speakers and microphones with a live level meter", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await installFakeDevices(page, { microphones: 3, speakers: 3 });
+    await joinACall(page, "Menu user", "Audio menu");
+    await openAudioMenu(page);
+
+    await expect(page.getByRole("group", { name: "Speaker" })).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(page.getByRole("group", { name: "Microphone" })).toBeVisible();
+    // By name, not count: the browser adds its own fake output and a Default.
+    for (const n of [1, 2, 3])
+      await expect(
+        page
+          .getByRole("group", { name: "Speaker" })
+          .getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: `Fake Speaker ${n}` }),
+      ).toBeVisible();
+
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole("menuitemradio", { checked: true }),
+    ).toHaveCount(2);
+    const meter = page.getByRole("meter", { name: "Microphone level" });
+    await expect(meter).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(meter).toHaveAttribute("aria-valuenow", /\d+/);
+    await expect(meter).toHaveAttribute("aria-valuetext", /\d+ of \d+/);
+
+    // Both browsers here can route audio; the platform that can't is a unit check.
+    await expect(
+      page
+        .getByRole("group", { name: "Speaker" })
+        .getByRole("menuitemradio")
+        .first(),
+    ).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "false");
+  });
+
+  test("moves the microphone and the speaker without disturbing the call", async ({
+    browser,
+  }) => {
+    // Two browsers and a real call.
+    test.slow();
+    const hostContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
+    const host = await hostContext.newPage();
+    await installFakeDevices(host, { microphones: 3, speakers: 3 });
+    await joinACall(host, "Host", "Device switch");
+
+    const inviteLink = await SpaHelpers.getCallInviteLink(host);
+    const guestContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
+    const guest = await guestContext.newPage();
+    await SpaHelpers.joinCallFromInviteLink(guest, inviteLink, "Guest");
+    await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(guest, 2);
+
+    await openAudioMenu(host);
+    await selectDevice(host, "Microphone", "Fake Microphone 2");
+    await openAudioMenu(host);
+    await selectDevice(host, "Speaker", "Fake Speaker 2");
+
+    // Not a rejoin: neither side drops, and the guest still has both tiles.
+    await expect(
+      host.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Reconnecting…" }),
+    ).not.toBeVisible();
+    await expect(
+      guest.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Reconnecting…" }),
+    ).not.toBeVisible();
+    await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(guest, 2);
+    await expect(guest.getByText("Waiting for media...")).not.toBeVisible();
+
+    await hostContext.close();
+    await guestContext.close();
+  });
+
+  test("keeps the meter moving while muted, and sends nothing", async ({
+    browser,
+  }) => {
+    // Two browsers and a real call.
+    test.slow();
+    const hostContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
+    const host = await hostContext.newPage();
+    await installFakeDevices(host);
+    await joinACall(host, "Muted host", "Muted meter");
+
+    const inviteLink = await SpaHelpers.getCallInviteLink(host);
+    const guestContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
+    const guest = await guestContext.newPage();
+    await SpaHelpers.joinCallFromInviteLink(guest, inviteLink, "Listener");
+    await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(guest, 2);
+
+    const mute = host.getByTestId("incall_mute");
+    await mute.click();
+    await expect(mute).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "false");
+    await openAudioMenu(host);
+
+    const meter = host.getByRole("meter", { name: "Microphone level" });
+    await expect(meter).toBeVisible();
+    // By test id: the modal menu hides the rest of the call from the a11y tree.
+    await expect(mute).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "false");
+    await expect(mute).toBeVisible();
+    // And the guest is shown the mute.
+    await expect(
+      guest.getByTestId("videoTile").filter({ hasText: "Muted host" }),
+    ).toBeVisible();
+
+    await hostContext.close();
+    await guestContext.close();
+  });
+
+  test("keeps the meter at the foot of the list while it scrolls", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await installFakeDevices(page, { microphones: 20, speakers: 4 });
+    await joinACall(page, "Scroller", "Long device list");
+    await openAudioMenu(page);
+
+    const meter = page.getByRole("meter", { name: "Microphone level" });
+    await expect(meter).toBeVisible();
+
+    // Scrolled so the microphones start at the top: only there does a pinned
+    // meter differ from one that is simply last.
+    const list = page.locator("[role='menu'] div[role='none']").first();
+    await list.evaluate((element) => {
+      const group = element.querySelector("[role='group'][aria-label*='icro']");
+      element.scrollTop +=
+        group!.getBoundingClientRect().top -
+        element.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+    });
+
+    await expect(meter).toBeInViewport();
+    await expectPinnedInside(meter, list);
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Fake Microphone 20" }),
+    ).toBeVisible();
+  });
+
+  test("shows the focus ring only when the keyboard moved the focus", async ({
+    page,
+    browserName,
+  }) => {
+    test.skip(
+      browserName === "firefox",
+      "Headless Firefox does not deliver synthetic key presses reliably; see reconnect.spec.ts",
+    );
+    await installFakeDevices(page);
+    await joinACall(page, "Keyboard user", "Focus ring");
+    await openAudioMenu(page);
+
+    const first = page.getByRole("menuitemradio").first();
+    // Opened by pointer: no ring, though Radix has moved focus into the menu.
+    await expect.poll(async () => outlineWidth(first)).toBe(0);
+
+    await page.keyboard.press("ArrowDown");
+    const focused = page.locator("[role='menuitemradio']:focus");
+    await expect.poll(async () => outlineWidth(focused)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // And the pointer takes it away again.
+    await first.hover();
+    await expect.poll(async () => outlineWidth(focused)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+/** Creates a call and joins it, leaving the page in the call. */
+async function joinACall(
+  page: Page,
+  userName: string,
+  callName: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  await page.goto("/");
+  await SpaHelpers.createCall(page, userName, callName, true);
+  await expect(page.getByTestId("name_tag")).toContainText(userName);
+  // The media controls stay disabled until devices have enumerated.
+  await expect(page.getByTestId("incall_mute")).toBeEnabled({
+    timeout: 10_000,
+  });
+}
+
+async function openAudioMenu(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+  await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }).click();
+  await expect(page.getByRole("menu")).toBeVisible();
+}
+
+async function selectDevice(
+  page: Page,
+  section: "Speaker" | "Microphone",
+  name: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const item = page
+    .getByRole("group", { name: section })
+    .getByRole("menuitemradio", { name });
+  await item.click();
+  // Selecting doesn't close the menu, so dismiss it.
+  await page.keyboard.press("Escape");
+  await expect(page.getByRole("menu")).not.toBeVisible();
+}
+
+/** Asserts the meter sits within the scrollport and inside the menu's frame. */
+async function expectPinnedInside(
+  meter: Locator,
+  list: Locator,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const meterBox = (await meter.boundingBox())!;
+  const listBox = (await list.boundingBox())!;
+  const frame = (await meter.page().getByRole("menu").boundingBox())!;
+
+  expect(meterBox.y + meterBox.height).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+    listBox.y + listBox.height + 1,
+  );
+  expect(meterBox.y).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(listBox.y - 1);
+  expect(meterBox.x).toBeGreaterThan(frame.x);
+  expect(meterBox.x + meterBox.width).toBeLessThan(frame.x + frame.width);
+}
+
+/** Painted outline width, in px. */
+async function outlineWidth(item: Locator): Promise<number> {
+  if ((await item.count()) === 0) return 0;
+  return item.first().evaluate((element) => {
+    const { outlineStyle, outlineWidth } = getComputedStyle(element);
+    return outlineStyle === "none" ? 0 : Number.parseFloat(outlineWidth) || 0;
+  });
+}

playwright/component/audio-menu.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { expect, type Locator, type Page, test } from "@playwright/test";
+
+import { createUserAndRoom, resizeContainer, startHarness } from "./harness.ts";
+import { installFakeDevices } from "../utils/fake-devices.ts";
+
+/**
+ * The device menu with Element Call as a component in a host page, where the
+ * portalled menu must be sized against the call, not the window. Driven from
+ * the lobby: it builds the same menu, without two connections' worth of flake.
+ */
+
+// Sign-in, crypto setup and sync happen twice before anything shows.
+test.describe.configure({ timeout: 180_000 });
+
+test("sizes the device list against the call, not the window", async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installFakeDevices(page, { microphones: 20, speakers: 4 });
+  const { username, roomId } = await createUserAndRoom("menusize");
+  const panes = await startHarness(page, username, roomId);
+  const pane = panes.first();
+
+  // A short call in a much taller page.
+  const container = pane.getByTestId("call-container");
+  await resizeContainer(container, { width: 900, height: 400 });
+  await expect(pane.getByTestId("lobby_joinCall")).toBeVisible({
+    timeout: 60_000,
+  });
+
+  const list = await openDeviceList(page, pane);
+  const callHeight = (await container.boundingBox())!.height;
+  const windowHeight = page.viewportSize()!.height;
+  const listHeight = (await list.boundingBox())!.height;
+
+  expect(callHeight).toBeLessThan(windowHeight * 0.75);
+  expect(listHeight).toBeLessThanOrEqual(callHeight);
+  expect(listHeight).toBeLessThan(windowHeight * 0.6);
+});
+
+test("follows the call area when the host resizes it", async ({ page }) => {
+  await installFakeDevices(page, { microphones: 20, speakers: 4 });
+  const { username, roomId } = await createUserAndRoom("menuresize");
+  const panes = await startHarness(page, username, roomId);
+  const pane = panes.first();
+
+  const container = pane.getByTestId("call-container");
+  await resizeContainer(container, { width: 900, height: 360 });
+  await expect(pane.getByTestId("lobby_joinCall")).toBeVisible({
+    timeout: 60_000,
+  });
+
+  const list = await openDeviceList(page, pane);
+  const whenShort = (await list.boundingBox())!.height;
+
+  // The host grows the call while the menu is open.
+  await resizeContainer(container, { width: 900, height: 700 });
+  await expect
+    .poll(async () => (await list.boundingBox())!.height)
+    .toBeGreaterThan(whenShort);
+});
+
+test("keeps every device reachable in a small container", async ({ page }) => {
+  await installFakeDevices(page, { microphones: 20, speakers: 4 });
+  const { username, roomId } = await createUserAndRoom("menureach");
+  const panes = await startHarness(page, username, roomId);
+  const pane = panes.first();
+
+  const container = pane.getByTestId("call-container");
+  await resizeContainer(container, { width: 400, height: 360 });
+  await expect(pane.getByTestId("lobby_joinCall")).toBeVisible({
+    timeout: 60_000,
+  });
+
+  const list = await openDeviceList(page, pane);
+  // More devices than fit, so the list must scroll.
+  expect(await list.evaluate((el) => el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight)).toBe(
+    true,
+  );
+
+  const last = page.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Fake Microphone 20" });
+  await last.scrollIntoViewIfNeeded();
+  await expect(last).toBeInViewport();
+  // Reachable means clickable: the menu may be drawn outside the call area.
+  await last.click();
+  await expect(last).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "true");
+});
+
+test("tracks the focus source of its own call, not the page", async ({
+  page,
+}) => {
+  await installFakeDevices(page);
+  const { username, roomId } = await createUserAndRoom("menufocus");
+  const panes = await startHarness(page, username, roomId);
+  const pane = panes.first();
+  const other = panes.nth(1);
+
+  await expect(pane.getByTestId("lobby_joinCall")).toBeVisible({
+    timeout: 60_000,
+  });
+  await openDeviceList(page, pane);
+  const menu = page.getByRole("menu");
+
+  // Asserted on the attribute: the component build's scoped stylesheet doesn't
+  // reach the portalled menu, so its ring can't be read here.
+  await expect(menu).toHaveAttribute("data-focus-source", "pointer");
+
+  // A key pressed in the other call says nothing about this menu.
+  await other.evaluate((element) =>
+    element.dispatchEvent(
+      new KeyboardEvent("keydown", { key: "ArrowDown", bubbles: true }),
+    ),
+  );
+  await expect(menu).toHaveAttribute("data-focus-source", "pointer");
+
+  await page.keyboard.press("ArrowDown");
+  await expect(menu).toHaveAttribute("data-focus-source", "keyboard");
+});
+
+/** Opens a component's microphone menu and returns its device list. */
+async function openDeviceList(page: Page, pane: Locator): Promise<Locator> {
+  await pane
+    .getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" })
+    .click({ timeout: 60_000 });
+  await expect(page.getByRole("menu")).toBeVisible();
+  const list = page.locator("[role='menu'] div[role='none']").first();
+  await expect(list).toBeVisible();
+  return list;
+}

playwright/fixtures/widget-user.ts

@@ -109,10 +109,15 @@ export const widgetTest = test.extend<MyFixtures>({
       await TestHelpers.dismissInviteUnknownUserModal(ewPage1);
 
       // Accept the invite
+      await TestHelpers.closeReleaseAnnouncement(
+        ewPage2,
+        "Introducing Sections",
+      );
+      await TestHelpers.expandAllSections(ewPage2);
       await expect(
-        ewPage2.getByRole("option", { name: "Welcome Room" }),
+        TestHelpers.roomListItem(ewPage2, "Welcome Room"),
       ).toBeVisible();
-      await ewPage2.getByRole("option", { name: "Welcome Room" }).click();
+      await TestHelpers.roomListItem(ewPage2, "Welcome Room").click();
       await ewPage2.getByRole("button", { name: "Accept" }).click();
       await expect(
         ewPage2
@@ -152,8 +157,12 @@ export const widgetTest = test.extend<MyFixtures>({
       ).toBeVisible();
 
       // Accept the DM invite from brooks
-      // This how playwright record selects the DM invite in the room list
-      await ewPage2.getByRole("button", { name: "Open room" }).click();
+      await TestHelpers.closeReleaseAnnouncement(
+        ewPage2,
+        "Introducing Sections",
+      );
+      await TestHelpers.expandAllSections(ewPage2);
+      await TestHelpers.roomListItem(ewPage2, brooksDisplayName).click();
       await ewPage2.getByRole("button", { name: "Start chatting" }).click();
     }
 

playwright/utils/fake-devices.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { type Page } from "@playwright/test";
+
+/**
+ * Adds synthetic devices beside the browser's one fake microphone and speaker,
+ * so the menu has a choice to show. They share one capture and `setSinkId` is
+ * accepted but not honoured: routing still needs hardware and a manual check.
+ * Call before the page navigates.
+ */
+export async function installFakeDevices(
+  page: Page,
+  { microphones = 2, speakers = 2 } = {},
+): Promise<void> {
+  await page.addInitScript(
+    ({ microphones, speakers }) => {
+      const synthetic = (
+        kind: MediaDeviceKind,
+        count: number,
+        name: string,
+      ): MediaDeviceInfo[] =>
+        Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) => {
+          const info = {
+            deviceId: `${kind}-${i + 1}`,
+            groupId: `${kind}-group-${i + 1}`,
+            kind,
+            label: `${name} ${i + 1}`,
+          };
+          return { ...info, toJSON: () => info } as MediaDeviceInfo;
+        });
+      const ids = new Set(
+        [
+          ...synthetic("audioinput", microphones, ""),
+          ...synthetic("audiooutput", speakers, ""),
+        ].map((d) => d.deviceId),
+      );
+
+      const devices = navigator.mediaDevices;
+      const enumerate = devices.enumerateDevices.bind(devices);
+      devices.enumerateDevices = async (): Promise<MediaDeviceInfo[]> => [
+        ...(await enumerate()),
+        ...synthetic("audioinput", microphones, "Fake Microphone"),
+        ...synthetic("audiooutput", speakers, "Fake Speaker"),
+      ];
+
+      // Our ids name no hardware, so drop the exact-device constraint.
+      const getUserMedia = devices.getUserMedia.bind(devices);
+      devices.getUserMedia = async (
+        constraints?: MediaStreamConstraints,
+      ): Promise<MediaStream> => {
+        const audio = constraints?.audio;
+        if (typeof audio === "object") {
+          const requested = audio.deviceId;
+          const id =
+            typeof requested === "object" && requested !== null
+              ? ((requested as ConstrainDOMStringParameters).exact as string)
+              : (requested as string | undefined);
+          if (id !== undefined && ids.has(id))
+            return getUserMedia({ ...constraints, audio: true });
+        }
+        return getUserMedia(constraints);
+      };
+
+      // Accept routing to our ids on both media elements and the AudioContext,
+      // which the app also routes.
+      for (const proto of [
+        HTMLMediaElement.prototype,
+        AudioContext.prototype,
+      ]) {
+        const sink = proto as { setSinkId?: (id: string) => Promise<void> };
+        const setSinkId = sink.setSinkId;
+        if (setSinkId === undefined) continue;
+        sink.setSinkId = async function (id: string): Promise<void> {
+          if (!ids.has(id)) await setSinkId.call(this, id);
+        };
+      }
+    },
+    { microphones, speakers },
+  );
+}

playwright/widget/test-helpers.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   type JSHandle,
   type Page,
   type FrameLocator,
+  type Locator,
 } from "@playwright/test";
 import { type MatrixClient } from "matrix-js-sdk";
 
@@ -203,6 +204,16 @@ export class TestHelpers {
     }
   }
 
+  public static async expandAllSections(page: Page): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      await page
+        .getByRole("button", { name: "Expand all sections" })
+        .click({ timeout: 2000 });
+    } catch {
+      // Already expanded or button not present
+    }
+  }
+
   public static async createRoom(
     name: string,
     page: Page,
@@ -253,9 +264,9 @@ export class TestHelpers {
     roomName: string,
     page: Page,
   ): Promise<void> {
-    await page.getByRole("option", { name: roomName }).click({
-      timeout: 10000,
-    });
+    await TestHelpers.closeReleaseAnnouncement(page, "Introducing Sections");
+    await TestHelpers.expandAllSections(page);
+    await TestHelpers.roomListItem(page, roomName).click({ timeout: 10000 });
     await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Accept" }).click({
       timeout: 5000,
     });
@@ -350,6 +361,17 @@ export class TestHelpers {
       .click();
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Locates a room in the room list by its name.
+   *
+   * Matches on the aria-label prefix because the item's role differs between
+   * the flat room list (`option`) and the sectioned room list (`button`), and
+   * the label may carry a suffix such as " invitation.".
+   */
+  public static roomListItem(page: Page, roomName: string): Locator {
+    return page.locator(`[aria-label^="Open room ${roomName}"]`);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Switches to a room in the room list by its name.
    * @param page - The EW page
@@ -359,7 +381,8 @@ export class TestHelpers {
     page: Page,
     roomName: string,
   ): Promise<void> {
-    await page.getByRole("option", { name: `Open room ${roomName}` }).click();
+    await TestHelpers.expandAllSections(page);
+    await TestHelpers.roomListItem(page, roomName).click();
   }
 
   public static async dismissInviteUnknownUserModal(page: Page): Promise<void> {

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^10.2.11
         version: 10.3.1(react@19.2.8)
       '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens':
-        specifier: ^10.0.0
-        version: 10.2.4(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)
+        specifier: ^11.0.0
+        version: 11.0.0(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)
       '@vector-im/compound-web':
         specifier: ^10.0.0
-        version: 10.0.1(@fontsource/inconsolata@5.3.0)(@fontsource/inter@5.3.0)(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@10.2.4(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8))(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
+        version: 10.1.0(@fontsource/inconsolata@5.3.0)(@fontsource/inter@5.3.0)(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@11.0.0(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8))(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
       '@vitejs/plugin-react':
         specifier: ^6.0.2
         version: 6.1.1(@rolldown/plugin-babel@0.2.3(@babel/core@7.29.7(supports-color@7.2.0))(@babel/runtime@8.0.0)(rolldown@1.2.7)(vite@8.2.2(@types/node@24.13.3)(esbuild@0.28.2)(jiti@2.7.0)(sass@1.103.1)(terser@5.46.1)(yaml@2.9.0)))(babel-plugin-react-compiler@1.0.0)(vite@8.2.2(@types/node@24.13.3)(esbuild@0.28.2)(jiti@2.7.0)(sass@1.103.1)(terser@5.46.1)(yaml@2.9.0))
@@ -202,9 +202,6 @@ importers:
       normalize.css:
         specifier: ^8.0.1
         version: 8.0.1
-      observable-hooks:
-        specifier: ^4.2.3
-        version: 4.2.4(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)(rxjs@7.8.2)
       oxfmt:
         specifier: ^0.66.0
         version: 0.66.0
@@ -3229,8 +3226,8 @@ packages:
     peerDependencies:
       react: '>= 16.8.0'
 
-  '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@10.2.4':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-2aCjhSvJxktPWnvh5s9Xdc0Rd76AfHqbDbN4QjOxo2VIac6zYdLyQbxMUQ5ZeoR9G3vAxILd0H1UvApRfMilpQ==}
+  '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@11.0.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-pWz0Q67Xbo8gwzaTeFbTTcM6i29ju6PR7SqyuExr2nIV3j9K785cOInft8FA2CM7PEapkr6TRtJKR/4xtWh2RA==}
     peerDependencies:
       '@adobe/leonardo-contrast-colors': ^1.0.0
       '@types/react': '*'
@@ -3246,8 +3243,8 @@ packages:
       react:
         optional: true
 
-  '@vector-im/compound-web@10.0.1':
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CT3aGMalPSf53o3JUbBF7EA10Rfp+auftIuBwOUSna+hfZ/zPxGLTFcuCuOJ7L8hrzijM+V4I8L0PUkfyOczpg==}
+  '@vector-im/compound-web@10.1.0':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Lhw9Q+RZo1GtDYjF5PXWTD0zdfbrz/vnSVBYFHC8Hq+YeDule2QfGbTRo8IVHeV7jK6ZzsLc8zb6553eeIRLYg==}
     peerDependencies:
       '@fontsource/inconsolata': ^5
       '@fontsource/inter': ^5
@@ -4816,13 +4813,6 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-nK28WOo+QIjBkDduTINE4JkF/UJJKyf2EJxvJKfblDpyg0Q+pkOHNTL0Qwy6NP6FhE/EnzV73BxxqcJaXY9anw==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
 
-  observable-hooks@4.2.4:
-    resolution: {integrity: sha512-FdTQgyw1h5bG/QHCBIqctdBSnv9VARJCEilgpV6L2qlw1yeLqFIwPm4U15dMtl5kDmNN0hSt+Nl6iYbLFwEcQA==}
-    peerDependencies:
-      react: '>=16.8.0'
-      react-dom: '>=16.8.0'
-      rxjs: '>=6.0.0'
-
   obug@2.1.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-4a+OsYv9UktOJKE+l1A4OufDgdRF9PifWj+tJnHURo/P+WOxpG4GzUFL9qCalmWauao6ogiG+QvnCovwPoyAWA==}
     engines: {node: '>=12.20.0'}
@@ -8695,12 +8685,12 @@ snapshots:
       '@use-gesture/core': 10.3.1
       react: 19.2.8
 
-  '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@10.2.4(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)':
+  '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@11.0.0(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)':
     optionalDependencies:
       '@types/react': 19.2.18
       react: 19.2.8
 
-  '@vector-im/compound-web@10.0.1(@fontsource/inconsolata@5.3.0)(@fontsource/inter@5.3.0)(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@10.2.4(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8))(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)':
+  '@vector-im/compound-web@10.1.0(@fontsource/inconsolata@5.3.0)(@fontsource/inter@5.3.0)(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(@vector-im/compound-design-tokens@11.0.0(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8))(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)':
     dependencies:
       '@floating-ui/react': 0.27.20(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
       '@floating-ui/react-dom': 2.1.9(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
@@ -8712,7 +8702,7 @@ snapshots:
       '@radix-ui/react-progress': 1.1.16(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
       '@radix-ui/react-separator': 1.1.15(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
       '@radix-ui/react-slot': 1.3.3(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)
-      '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens': 10.2.4(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)
+      '@vector-im/compound-design-tokens': 11.0.0(@types/react@19.2.18)(react@19.2.8)
       classnames: 2.5.1
       react: 19.2.8
       vaul: 1.1.2(@types/react-dom@19.2.5(@types/react@19.2.18))(@types/react@19.2.18)(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)
@@ -10410,12 +10400,6 @@ snapshots:
       has-symbols: 1.1.0
       object-keys: 1.1.1
 
-  observable-hooks@4.2.4(react-dom@19.2.8(react@19.2.8))(react@19.2.8)(rxjs@7.8.2):
-    dependencies:
-      react: 19.2.8
-      react-dom: 19.2.8(react@19.2.8)
-      rxjs: 7.8.2
-
   obug@2.1.4: {}
 
   once@1.4.0:

src/MediaDevicesContext.ts

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { createContext, use, useMemo } from "react";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 
 import { type MediaDevices } from "./state/MediaDevices";
+import { useBehavior } from "./useBehavior";
 
 export const MediaDevicesContext = createContext<MediaDevices | undefined>(
   undefined,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export const useEarpieceAudioConfig = (): {
   volume: number;
 } => {
   const devices = useMediaDevices();
-  const audioOutput = useObservableEagerState(devices.audioOutput.selected$);
+  const audioOutput = useBehavior(devices.audioOutput.selected$);
   const isVirtualEarpiece = audioOutput?.virtualEarpiece ?? false;
   return {
     // We use only the right speaker (pan = 1) for the earpiece.

src/button/__snapshots__/ReactionToggleButton.test.tsx.snap

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ exports[`Can close reaction dialog 1`] = `
     aria-disabled="false"
     aria-expanded="true"
     aria-haspopup="true"
-    aria-labelledby="_r_bb_"
+    aria-labelledby="_r_bh_"
     class="_button_1nw83_8 _has-icon_1nw83_60 _icon-only_1nw83_53"
     data-kind="primary"
     data-size="lg"

src/components/CallFooter.module.css

@@ -43,7 +43,10 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
   inset-inline: 0;
 }
 
-.footer.overlay:has(:focus-visible) {
+/* Keep the footer while it is in use: focus inside it, or a menu opened from
+   it. The menu is portalled out, so the trigger's aria-expanded tracks it. */
+.footer.overlay:has(:focus-visible),
+.footer.overlay:has([aria-expanded="true"]) {
   opacity: 1;
   pointer-events: initial;
 }

src/components/CallFooter.stories.tsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { Link } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
 import type { Meta, StoryObj } from "@storybook/react-vite";
 import { CallFooter, type FooterSnapshot } from "./CallFooter";
 import inCallViewStyles from "../room/InCallView.module.css";
+import styles from "./CallFooter.module.css";
 import { useStaticViewModel } from "../state/ViewModel";
 import { ReactionsSenderContext } from "../reactions/useReactionsSender";
 import { type ReactionOption } from "../reactions";
@@ -137,10 +138,13 @@ export const Default: Story = {
     debugTileLayout: false,
     tileStoreGeneration: undefined,
     audioOptions: [],
+    audioOutputOptions: [],
     videoOptions: [],
     selectedAudio: undefined,
+    selectedAudioOutput: undefined,
     selectedVideo: undefined,
     selectAudioButtonOption: undefined,
+    selectAudioOutputOption: undefined,
     selectVideoButtonOption: undefined,
   },
   parameters: {
@@ -158,15 +162,46 @@ export const WithAudioAndVideoOptions: Story = {
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "1" },
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "2" },
     ],
+    audioOutputOptions: [
+      { label: { type: "default", name: "Built-in Output" }, id: "default" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "2" },
+    ],
     videoOptions: [
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 1" }, id: "1" },
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 2" }, id: "2" },
     ],
     selectedAudio: "2",
+    selectedAudioOutput: "default",
     selectedVideo: "1",
   },
 };
 
+export const StaysWhileAMenuIsOpen: Story = {
+  ...Default,
+  args: {
+    ...WithAudioAndVideoOptions.args,
+    // In a short window the footer overlays the call and hides itself.
+    asOverlay: true,
+    showFooter: true,
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }): Promise<void> => {
+    const footer = canvasElement.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+      '[data-testid="footer-container"]',
+    )!;
+    await userEvent.click(
+      within(canvasElement).getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }),
+    );
+    await expect(document.body.querySelector('[role="menu"]')).not.toBeNull();
+
+    // The call hides the footer with this class.
+    footer.classList.add(styles.hidden);
+
+    // Read after the 0.15s fade, not mid-transition.
+    await new Promise((settled) => setTimeout(settled, 400));
+    await expect(getComputedStyle(footer).opacity).toBe("1");
+  },
+};
+
 export const AudioBusy: Story = {
   ...Default,
   args: {

src/components/CallFooter.tsx

@@ -99,11 +99,15 @@ export interface FooterState {
 
   /** Providing no options `[]` or `undefined` will imply that we dont have a audio fast switcher */
   audioOptions: MenuOptions[];
+  /** Output (speaker) devices. */
+  audioOutputOptions: MenuOptions[];
   /** Providing no options `[]` or `undefined` will imply that we dont have a audio fast switcher */
   videoOptions: MenuOptions[];
   selectedAudio: string | undefined;
+  selectedAudioOutput: string | undefined;
   selectedVideo: string | undefined;
   selectAudioButtonOption: ((deviceId: string) => void) | undefined;
+  selectAudioOutputOption: ((deviceId: string) => void) | undefined;
   selectVideoButtonOption: ((option: string) => void) | undefined;
 }
 
@@ -143,6 +147,9 @@ export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
   const audioOptions = useBehavior(vm.audioOptions$);
   const selectedAudio = useBehavior(vm.selectedAudio$);
   const selectAudioButtonOption = useBehavior(vm.selectAudioButtonOption$);
+  const audioOutputOptions = useBehavior(vm.audioOutputOptions$);
+  const selectedAudioOutput = useBehavior(vm.selectedAudioOutput$);
+  const selectAudioOutputOption = useBehavior(vm.selectAudioOutputOption$);
   const selectVideoButtonOption = useBehavior(vm.selectVideoButtonOption$);
   const toggleBlur = useBehavior(vm.toggleBlur$);
   const videoBlurEnabled = useBehavior(vm.videoBlurEnabled$);
@@ -168,7 +175,6 @@ export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
   if ((audioOptions?.length ?? 0) > 0) {
     buttons.push(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title={"Mic Source"}
         key="audio"
         iconsAndLabels="audio"
         enabled={audioEnabled ?? false}
@@ -178,6 +184,9 @@ export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
         options={audioOptions}
         selectedOption={selectedAudio}
         onSelect={selectAudioButtonOption}
+        outputOptions={audioOutputOptions}
+        selectedOutputOption={selectedAudioOutput}
+        onSelectOutput={selectAudioOutputOption}
       />,
     );
   } else {
@@ -197,7 +206,6 @@ export const CallFooter: FC<FooterProps> = ({
   if ((videoOptions?.length ?? 0) > 0) {
     buttons.push(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title={"Camera Source"}
         key="video"
         iconsAndLabels="video"
         enabled={videoEnabled ?? false}

src/components/CallFooterViewModel.test.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ vi.mock("@livekit/track-processors", () => ({
   supportsBackgroundProcessors: (): boolean => false,
 }));
 
+const outputSelectionMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(() => true));
+vi.mock("livekit-client", () => ({
+  supportsAudioOutputSelection: (): boolean => outputSelectionMock(),
+}));
+
 /**
  * Returns the minimum set of CallViewModel fields required by
  * createCallFooterViewModel, with all other properties stubbed to
@@ -96,6 +101,65 @@ const twoMicsAndOneCamMediaDevices = mockMediaDevices({
 });
 
 describe("createCallFooterViewModel", () => {
+  describe("selectAudioOutputOption", () => {
+    function buildFooterVm(): ReturnType<typeof createCallFooterViewModel> {
+      platformMock.mockReturnValue("desktop");
+      return createCallFooterViewModel(
+        testScope(),
+        buildMinimalCallViewModel(gridLayout),
+        mockMuteStates(),
+        twoMicsAndOneCamMediaDevices,
+        /* reactionIdentifier */ undefined,
+        { showControls: true, header: HeaderStyle.Standard },
+      );
+    }
+
+    it("is withheld where the platform cannot route audio to a chosen device", () => {
+      outputSelectionMock.mockReturnValue(false);
+      expect(buildFooterVm().selectAudioOutputOption$.value).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it("is offered where the platform can route audio to a chosen device", () => {
+      outputSelectionMock.mockReturnValue(true);
+      expect(buildFooterVm().selectAudioOutputOption$.value).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("audioOutputOptions", () => {
+    it("is an empty list, not absent, where the platform enumerates no outputs", () => {
+      platformMock.mockReturnValue("desktop");
+      outputSelectionMock.mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      const vm = createCallFooterViewModel(
+        testScope(),
+        buildMinimalCallViewModel(gridLayout),
+        mockMuteStates(),
+        mockMediaDevices({
+          audioInput: {
+            available$: constant(
+              new Map<string, DeviceLabel>([
+                ["mic1", { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }],
+              ]),
+            ),
+            selected$: constant(undefined),
+            select: vi.fn(),
+          },
+          // As Safari: no outputs listed.
+          audioOutput: {
+            available$: constant(new Map<string, DeviceLabel>()),
+            selected$: constant(undefined),
+            select: vi.fn(),
+          },
+        }),
+        /* reactionIdentifier */ undefined,
+        { showControls: true, header: HeaderStyle.Standard },
+      );
+
+      // Empty, not undefined: undefined would hide the section.
+      expect(vm.audioOutputOptions$.value).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe("audioOptions and videoOptions", () => {
     function checkEmptyFor(platform: string, layout: Layout): void {
       platformMock.mockReturnValue(platform);

src/components/CallFooterViewModel.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { combineLatest, map, switchMap } from "rxjs";
+import { combineLatest, map, type Observable, switchMap } from "rxjs";
 import { supportsBackgroundProcessors } from "@livekit/track-processors";
+import { supportsAudioOutputSelection } from "livekit-client";
 
 import { type CallViewModel } from "../state/CallViewModel/CallViewModel";
 import { type MenuOptions } from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
@@ -67,49 +68,50 @@ function buildDeviceBehaviors(
   | "audioOptions$"
   | "selectedAudio$"
   | "selectAudioButtonOption$"
+  | "audioOutputOptions$"
+  | "selectedAudioOutput$"
+  | "selectAudioOutputOption$"
   | "videoOptions$"
   | "selectedVideo$"
   | "selectVideoButtonOption$"
   | "toggleBlur$"
   | "videoBlurEnabled$"
 > {
-  return {
-    audioOptions$: scope.behavior(
-      disableSwitcher$.pipe(
-        switchMap((disable) =>
-          disable
-            ? constant([] as MenuOptions[])
-            : mediaDevices.audioInput.available$.pipe(
-                map((available) =>
-                  [...available.entries()].map(([id, label]) => ({
-                    id,
-                    label,
-                  })),
-                ),
+  const options$ = (
+    available$: Behavior<Map<string, MenuOptions["label"]>>,
+  ): Observable<MenuOptions[]> =>
+    disableSwitcher$.pipe(
+      switchMap((disable) =>
+        disable
+          ? constant([] as MenuOptions[])
+          : available$.pipe(
+              map((available) =>
+                [...available.entries()].map(([id, label]) => ({ id, label })),
               ),
-        ),
+            ),
       ),
-    ),
+    );
+
+  return {
+    audioOptions$: scope.behavior(options$(mediaDevices.audioInput.available$)),
     selectedAudio$: scope.behavior(
       mediaDevices.audioInput.selected$.pipe(map((s) => s?.id)),
     ),
     selectAudioButtonOption$: constant(mediaDevices.audioInput.select),
-    videoOptions$: scope.behavior(
-      disableSwitcher$.pipe(
-        switchMap((disable) =>
-          disable
-            ? constant([] as MenuOptions[])
-            : mediaDevices.videoInput.available$.pipe(
-                map((available) =>
-                  [...available.entries()].map(([id, label]) => ({
-                    id,
-                    label,
-                  })),
-                ),
-              ),
-        ),
-      ),
+    audioOutputOptions$: scope.behavior(
+      options$(mediaDevices.audioOutput.available$),
     ),
+    selectedAudioOutput$: scope.behavior(
+      mediaDevices.audioOutput.selected$.pipe(map((s) => s?.id)),
+    ),
+    // Withheld where the platform can't route audio to a chosen device, which
+    // disables the speaker section.
+    selectAudioOutputOption$: constant(
+      supportsAudioOutputSelection()
+        ? mediaDevices.audioOutput.select
+        : undefined,
+    ),
+    videoOptions$: scope.behavior(options$(mediaDevices.videoInput.available$)),
     selectedVideo$: scope.behavior(
       mediaDevices.videoInput.selected$.pipe(map((s) => s?.id)),
     ),
@@ -263,10 +265,13 @@ export function createLobbyFooterViewModel(
       reactionData: undefined,
       tileStoreGeneration: undefined,
       audioOptions: undefined,
+      audioOutputOptions: undefined,
       videoOptions: undefined,
       selectedAudio: undefined,
+      selectedAudioOutput: undefined,
       selectedVideo: undefined,
       selectAudioButtonOption: undefined,
+      selectAudioOutputOption: undefined,
       selectVideoButtonOption: undefined,
     }),
     ...buildMuteBehaviors(scope, muteStates),

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.module.css

@@ -35,3 +35,60 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
     transform: rotate(360deg);
   }
 }
+
+.menu {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+/* Only the device lists scroll, bounded by the measured call area: the menu is
+   portalled out of the root, so CSS can't size it against the call. */
+.deviceList {
+  overflow-y: auto;
+  min-block-size: 0;
+  max-block-size: var(--device-list-max-height);
+  /* Keeps a row reached by keyboard clear of the sticky heading and meter. */
+  scroll-padding-block: var(--device-list-scroll-padding-start, 0)
+    var(--device-list-scroll-padding-end, 0);
+}
+
+/* Compound's heading rule heads each section; the design adds space below it. */
+.menu h3 {
+  margin-block-end: var(--cpd-space-5x);
+}
+
+/* And more above a heading that follows another section. */
+.deviceList [role="group"] + [role="group"] h3 {
+  margin-block-start: var(--cpd-space-7x);
+}
+
+/* Sticky within its own section. Opaque and inset a border width so it doesn't
+   paint over the menu's outline. */
+.sectionHeading {
+  position: sticky;
+  inset-block-start: 0;
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-canvas-default);
+  margin-inline: var(--cpd-border-width-1);
+  margin-block-start: var(--cpd-border-width-1);
+}
+
+/* Sticky at the foot of the microphone section; opaque and inset as above. */
+.stickyMeter {
+  position: sticky;
+  inset-block-end: 0;
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-canvas-default);
+  margin-inline: var(--cpd-border-width-1);
+  margin-block-end: var(--cpd-border-width-1);
+}
+
+/* Radix focuses whatever the pointer is over, so the browser's ring would
+   follow the mouse. Replaced by one shown only for keyboard focus. */
+.menu [role^="menuitem"]:focus,
+.menu [role^="menuitem"]:focus-visible {
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+.menu[data-focus-source="keyboard"] [role^="menuitem"]:focus {
+  outline: var(--cpd-border-width-2) solid var(--cpd-color-border-focused);
+  outline-offset: calc(-1 * var(--cpd-border-width-2));
+}

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.stories.tsx

@@ -5,12 +5,15 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { fn, userEvent, within, expect } from "storybook/test";
-import { type JSX } from "react";
+import { fn, userEvent, waitFor, within, expect } from "storybook/test";
+import { useEffect, useState, type FC, type JSX, type ReactNode } from "react";
 
 import type { Meta, StoryObj } from "@storybook/react-vite";
 import { MediaMuteAndSwitchButton } from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
+import styles from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.module.css";
+import meterStyles from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter.module.css";
 import { MediaDevicesContext } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
+import { RootElementProvider } from "../RootElementContext";
 import { MediaDevices } from "../state/MediaDevices";
 import { globalScope } from "../state/ObservableScope";
 
@@ -18,12 +21,74 @@ const mediaDevices = new MediaDevices(globalScope, {
   controlledAudioDevices: false,
 });
 
+/** Supplies a microphone, a wavering tone: a story's invented device ids match no hardware. */
+const WithAMicrophone: FC<{ children: ReactNode }> = ({ children }) => {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const context = new AudioContext();
+    const microphone = context.createMediaStreamDestination();
+    const tone = context.createOscillator();
+    const loudness = context.createGain();
+    // Wavers between a third and two thirds of full scale, so it reads as live.
+    const swing = context.createOscillator();
+    const depth = context.createGain();
+    loudness.gain.value = 0.25;
+    depth.gain.value = 0.2;
+    swing.frequency.value = 0.6;
+    tone.frequency.value = 220;
+    swing.connect(depth).connect(loudness.gain);
+    tone.connect(loudness).connect(microphone);
+    tone.start();
+    swing.start();
+
+    const devices = navigator.mediaDevices;
+    const openedForReal = devices.getUserMedia.bind(devices);
+    const opened = Promise.resolve(microphone.stream);
+    // A fresh clone each time, so a caller stopping its tracks doesn't end the next.
+    devices.getUserMedia = async (): Promise<MediaStream> =>
+      (await opened).clone();
+
+    return (): void => {
+      devices.getUserMedia = openedForReal;
+      tone.stop();
+      swing.stop();
+      void context.close();
+    };
+  }, []);
+
+  return <>{children}</>;
+};
+
+/** Supplies a call-sized root. Without one the list is bounded by the whole Storybook frame. */
+const WithACallArea: FC<{ children: ReactNode }> = ({ children }) => {
+  const [callArea, setCallArea] = useState<HTMLElement | null>(null);
+  return (
+    <div
+      ref={setCallArea}
+      style={{
+        // A call's size: anything smaller makes a short device list scroll.
+        blockSize: 720,
+        display: "flex",
+        alignItems: "flex-end",
+        justifyContent: "center",
+      }}
+    >
+      {callArea !== null && (
+        <RootElementProvider value={callArea}>{children}</RootElementProvider>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
 const meta = {
   component: MediaMuteAndSwitchButton,
   decorators: [
     (Story): JSX.Element => (
       <MediaDevicesContext value={mediaDevices}>
-        <Story />
+        <WithACallArea>
+          <WithAMicrophone>
+            <Story />
+          </WithAMicrophone>
+        </WithACallArea>
       </MediaDevicesContext>
     ),
   ],
@@ -34,7 +99,6 @@ type Story = StoryObj<typeof meta>;
 
 export const Default: Story = {
   args: {
-    title: "SomeMenu",
     iconsAndLabels: "audio",
     enabled: true,
     options: [
@@ -42,6 +106,13 @@ export const Default: Story = {
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Option 2" }, id: "2" },
     ],
     selectedOption: "1",
+    // The footer always passes an output list to the audio menu.
+    outputOptions: [
+      { label: { type: "default", name: "Built-in Output" }, id: "default" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOutputOption: "default",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
     onMuteClick: fn(),
     onSelect: fn(),
   },
@@ -50,7 +121,6 @@ export const Default: Story = {
 export const AudioMute: Story = {
   args: {
     ...Default.args,
-    title: "Microphone",
     iconsAndLabels: "audio",
     enabled: false,
     options: [
@@ -73,21 +143,19 @@ export const AudioMute: Story = {
 
 export const AudioUnmute: Story = {
   args: {
-    title: "Microphone",
+    ...Default.args,
     iconsAndLabels: "audio",
     enabled: true,
     options: [
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "1" },
       { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "2" },
     ],
-
     selectedOption: "2",
   },
 };
 
 export const VideoMute: Story = {
   args: {
-    title: "Camera",
     iconsAndLabels: "video",
     enabled: false,
     options: [
@@ -101,7 +169,6 @@ export const VideoMute: Story = {
 
 export const VideoUnmute: Story = {
   args: {
-    title: "Camera",
     iconsAndLabels: "video",
     enabled: true,
     options: [
@@ -113,3 +180,479 @@ export const VideoUnmute: Story = {
     selectedOption: "2",
   },
 };
+
+export const SpeakerAndMicrophoneSections: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: [
+      { label: { type: "default", name: "Built-in Output" }, id: "default" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOutputOption: "default",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ args, canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const headset = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Headset",
+    });
+    await userEvent.click(headset);
+    await expect(args.onSelectOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith("spk2");
+
+    // A few devices fit, so the list doesn't scroll.
+    const list = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+      `.${styles.deviceList}`,
+    )!;
+    await expect(list.scrollHeight).toBe(list.clientHeight);
+
+    // Each section is headed by its own edge-to-edge rule, with no separator.
+    const menu = document.body.querySelector("[role='menu']")!;
+    await expect(
+      document.body.querySelectorAll("[role='separator']"),
+    ).toHaveLength(0);
+    const headings = document.body.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(
+      `.${styles.sectionHeading}`,
+    );
+    await expect(headings).toHaveLength(2);
+    const frame = menu.getBoundingClientRect();
+    for (const heading of headings) {
+      const rule = heading.querySelector("h3")!;
+      await expect(
+        Number.parseFloat(getComputedStyle(rule).borderBottomWidth),
+      ).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      // Edge to edge, within the frame.
+      const box = rule.getBoundingClientRect();
+      await expect(box.left - frame.left).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
+      await expect(frame.right - box.right).toBeLessThanOrEqual(2);
+    }
+
+    // The first device sits further below the rule than from the menu's edge.
+    // Asserted as a relationship, not pixels: the asymmetry is the design.
+    const control = document.body.querySelector("input[type='radio']")!;
+    const ruleBottom = headings[0]
+      .querySelector("h3")!
+      .getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
+    const box = control.getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(box.top - ruleBottom).toBeGreaterThan(box.left - frame.left);
+
+    // And a section stands further from the one above than from its own first
+    // device.
+    const groups = document.body.querySelectorAll("[role='group']");
+    const speakers = groups[0].querySelectorAll("input[type='radio']");
+    const lastSpeaker = speakers[speakers.length - 1].getBoundingClientRect();
+    const nextHeading = groups[1]!.querySelector("h3")!.getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(nextHeading.top - lastSpeaker.bottom).toBeGreaterThan(
+      box.top - ruleBottom,
+    );
+  },
+};
+
+export const OutputCannotBeChosen: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOutputOption: "spk1",
+    // No callback: the speakers are listed, but none can be picked.
+    onSelectOutput: undefined,
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const speakers = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Speakers",
+    });
+    await expect(speakers).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  },
+};
+
+export const OnlyOneDevice: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [{ label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" }],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: [{ label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" }],
+    selectedOutputOption: "spk1",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    // Shown, disabled, rather than hidden.
+    const only = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Microphone 1",
+    });
+    await expect(only).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  },
+};
+
+/** A requested device hasn't arrived: nothing in either section can be picked. */
+export const SelectionSettling: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOutputOption: "spk1",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+
+    // selectedOption never changes, so the request stays in flight.
+    await userEvent.click(
+      await menu.findByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" }),
+    );
+
+    await expect(await menu.findByLabelText("Activating…")).toBeVisible();
+    for (const item of menu.getAllByRole("menuitemradio"))
+      await expect(item).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  },
+};
+
+/**
+ * The ring shows for keyboard focus only. Asserted on the painted outline:
+ * asserting data-focus-source would still pass with the CSS rule deleted.
+ */
+export const KeyboardFocusRing: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+    const first = await menu.findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Microphone 1",
+    });
+
+    // Opened by pointer: no ring, even though Radix has moved focus.
+    await expect(outlineWidth(first)).toBe(0);
+
+    await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
+    const focused = document.activeElement as HTMLElement;
+    await expect(focused).toHaveRole("menuitemradio");
+    await expect(outlineWidth(focused)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // And the pointer takes it away again.
+    await userEvent.hover(first);
+    await expect(outlineWidth(document.activeElement as HTMLElement)).toBe(0);
+  },
+};
+
+/** The list scrolls; the meter stays at the foot of the microphone section. */
+export const ManyDevices: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: { type: "name" as const, name: `Microphone ${i + 1}` },
+      id: `mic${i + 1}`,
+    })),
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: Array.from({ length: 6 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: { type: "name" as const, name: `Speaker ${i + 1}` },
+      id: `spk${i + 1}`,
+    })),
+    selectedOutputOption: "spk1",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+
+    // The sticky wrapper rather than the meter: without a fake microphone (as on
+    // WebKit) the meter shows a message instead of a level.
+    const list = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+      `.${styles.deviceList}`,
+    )!;
+    const sticky = await waitFor(() => {
+      const element = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+        `.${styles.stickyMeter}`,
+      );
+      if (element === null) throw new Error("the meter has not rendered yet");
+      return element;
+    });
+    await expect(list.scrollHeight).toBeGreaterThan(list.clientHeight);
+
+    // Scrolled so the microphone section starts at the top: only there does a
+    // pinned meter differ from one that is simply last.
+    const group = await menu.findByRole("group", { name: "Microphone" });
+    list.scrollTop +=
+      group.getBoundingClientRect().top - list.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+    await expect(list.scrollTop + list.clientHeight).toBeLessThan(
+      list.scrollHeight,
+    );
+
+    const scrollport = list.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const pinned = sticky.getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(pinned.bottom).toBeLessThanOrEqual(scrollport.bottom + 1);
+    await expect(pinned.top).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(scrollport.top - 1);
+
+    // The whole menu is on screen, not bounded by the document.
+    const frame = document.body
+      .querySelector("[role='menu']")!
+      .getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(frame.top).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    await expect(frame.bottom).toBeLessThanOrEqual(window.innerHeight + 1);
+
+    // The meter is the menu's one opaque part, so it must stay inside the frame.
+    await expect(pinned.left).toBeGreaterThan(frame.left);
+    await expect(pinned.right).toBeLessThan(frame.right);
+  },
+};
+
+/** Painted outline width, in px. */
+function outlineWidth(element: HTMLElement): number {
+  const { outlineStyle, outlineWidth } = getComputedStyle(element);
+  if (outlineStyle === "none") return 0;
+  return Number.parseFloat(outlineWidth) || 0;
+}
+
+/** Safari lists no outputs: a disabled, selected Default stands in. */
+export const OutputNotEnumerated: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: [],
+    selectedOutputOption: undefined,
+    onSelectOutput: undefined,
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const speakers = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Default",
+    });
+    await expect(speakers).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  },
+};
+
+/** The meter's icon shares the radio controls' centre line; only a real browser lays this out. */
+export const MeterAlignsWithTheDeviceRows: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ],
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const menu = document.body.querySelector("[role='menu']")!;
+    const radio = menu.querySelector("input[type='radio']")!;
+    const icon = await waitFor(() => {
+      const element = document.body.querySelector(`.${meterStyles.icon}`);
+      if (element === null) throw new Error("the meter has not rendered yet");
+      return element;
+    });
+
+    // A pixel of slack, for subpixel layout.
+    await expect(Math.abs(centre(icon) - centre(radio))).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1);
+  },
+};
+
+/** Inline-axis centre of an element. */
+function centre(element: Element): number {
+  const box = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+  return box.left + box.width / 2;
+}
+
+/** Every row the keyboard reaches is fully visible, not under a heading or the meter. */
+export const KeyboardReachesEveryDevice: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    // Enough to scroll both ways, so either end can hide a row.
+    options: Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: { type: "name" as const, name: `Microphone ${i + 1}` },
+      id: `mic${i + 1}`,
+    })),
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: Array.from({ length: 4 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: { type: "name" as const, name: `Speaker ${i + 1}` },
+      id: `spk${i + 1}`,
+    })),
+    selectedOutputOption: "spk1",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const meter = await waitFor(() => {
+      const element = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+        `.${styles.stickyMeter}`,
+      );
+      if (element === null) throw new Error("the meter has not rendered yet");
+      return element;
+    });
+
+    // Drawn over the list: the sticky headings and the meter.
+    const overlays = [
+      meter,
+      ...document.body.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(
+        `.${styles.sectionHeading}`,
+      ),
+    ];
+    const items = within(document.body).getAllByRole("menuitemradio");
+
+    // Down to the last device and back up.
+    for (const key of ["{ArrowDown}", "{ArrowUp}"])
+      for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+        await userEvent.keyboard(key);
+        const focused = document.activeElement as HTMLElement;
+        await expect(focused).toHaveRole("menuitemradio");
+        // Checked as overlap: a heading only covers rows while its section is on
+        // screen.
+        await expect(overlapping(focused, overlays)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1);
+      }
+  },
+};
+
+/** A section's heading stays at the top while the section is in view, and leaves with it. */
+export const HeadingsStayWhileScrolling: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...Default.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "audio",
+    enabled: true,
+    options: Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: { type: "name" as const, name: `Microphone ${i + 1}` },
+      id: `mic${i + 1}`,
+    })),
+    selectedOption: "mic1",
+    outputOptions: Array.from({ length: 4 }, (_, i) => ({
+      label: { type: "name" as const, name: `Speaker ${i + 1}` },
+      id: `spk${i + 1}`,
+    })),
+    selectedOutputOption: "spk1",
+    onSelectOutput: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    const menu = within(document.body);
+
+    const list = document.body.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+      `.${styles.deviceList}`,
+    )!;
+    const group = await menu.findByRole("group", { name: "Microphone" });
+    // By class: the heading is aria-hidden, and its group carries the name.
+    const heading = group.querySelector<HTMLElement>(
+      `.${styles.sectionHeading}`,
+    )!;
+
+    // Far enough that the heading is only on screen if it is stuck there.
+    list.scrollTop +=
+      group.getBoundingClientRect().top - list.getBoundingClientRect().top + 80;
+
+    const scrollport = list.getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(heading.getBoundingClientRect().top).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
+      scrollport.top + 2,
+    );
+    await expect(heading.getBoundingClientRect().bottom).toBeGreaterThan(
+      scrollport.top,
+    );
+    // Clear of the menu's frame.
+    const frame = document.body
+      .querySelector("[role='menu']")!
+      .getBoundingClientRect();
+    await expect(heading.getBoundingClientRect().left).toBeGreaterThan(
+      frame.left,
+    );
+  },
+};
+
+/** How far the most overlapping of `overlays` covers `element`, in px. */
+function overlapping(element: Element, overlays: Element[]): number {
+  const box = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+  return overlays.reduce((worst, overlay) => {
+    const over = overlay.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const shared =
+      Math.min(box.bottom, over.bottom) - Math.max(box.top, over.top);
+    return Math.max(worst, shared);
+  }, 0);
+}
+
+/** The blur toggle gets the keyboard ring too: it is the menu's child, not the list's. */
+export const FocusRingCoversTheBlurToggle: Story = {
+  args: {
+    ...VideoUnmute.args,
+    iconsAndLabels: "video",
+    videoBlurEnabled: false,
+    videoBlurToggleClick: fn(),
+  },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await userEvent.click(canvas.getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+    const toggle = await within(document.body).findByRole("menuitemcheckbox", {
+      name: /Blur background/,
+    });
+
+    // Arrow down past the cameras to the toggle.
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6 && document.activeElement !== toggle; i++)
+      await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
+    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(toggle);
+    // The same ring the device rows get.
+    await expect(outlineWidth(toggle)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // And the pointer takes it away, with the toggle still focused.
+    await userEvent.hover(toggle);
+    await expect(document.activeElement).toBe(toggle);
+    await expect(outlineWidth(toggle)).toBe(0);
+  },
+};

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.test.tsx

@@ -5,40 +5,61 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
-import { act, render, screen, type RenderResult } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
+import { axe } from "vitest-axe";
+import {
+  act,
+  render,
+  screen,
+  within,
+  type RenderResult,
+} from "@testing-library/react";
 import userEvent from "@testing-library/user-event";
-import { type JSX, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { Profiler, type JSX, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
 import { TooltipProvider } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
 
-import { MediaMuteAndSwitchButton } from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
+import {
+  MediaMuteAndSwitchButton,
+  type MenuOptions,
+} from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton";
 import { MediaDevicesContext } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
 import { type MediaDevices } from "../state/MediaDevices";
+import { restoreAudioCapture, stubAudioCapture } from "../utils/test";
 
 interface RenderOptions {
   requestDeviceNames: () => void;
 }
 
-function renderComponent(
+function withProviders(
   component: ReactNode,
   { requestDeviceNames = (): void => {} }: Partial<RenderOptions> = {},
-): RenderResult {
-  return render(
+): JSX.Element {
+  return (
     <TooltipProvider>
       <MediaDevicesContext
         value={{ requestDeviceNames } as unknown as MediaDevices}
       >
         {component}
       </MediaDevicesContext>
-    </TooltipProvider>,
+    </TooltipProvider>
   );
 }
 
+function renderComponent(
+  component: ReactNode,
+  options: Partial<RenderOptions> = {},
+): RenderResult {
+  return render(withProviders(component, options));
+}
+
 describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
+  // Only one test stubs the capture; don't let it leak into the rest.
+  afterEach(restoreAudioCapture);
+
   test("renders", () => {
     const { container } = renderComponent(
       <TooltipProvider>
-        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton title={"Switcher"} iconsAndLabels={"audio"} />
+        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton iconsAndLabels={"audio"} />
       </TooltipProvider>,
     );
     expect(container).toMatchSnapshot();
@@ -50,11 +71,7 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
       enabled: boolean,
     ): RenderResult => {
       return renderComponent(
-        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-          title={"Switcher"}
-          iconsAndLabels={type}
-          enabled={enabled}
-        />,
+        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton iconsAndLabels={type} enabled={enabled} />,
       );
     };
     const renderAudioEndabled = renderLabels("audio", true);
@@ -81,7 +98,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const onMute = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title={"Switcher"}
         onMuteClick={onMute}
         iconsAndLabels="audio"
         enabled={true}
@@ -98,7 +114,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const onMute = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title={"Switcher"}
         onMuteClick={onMute}
         iconsAndLabels="audio"
         enabled={true}
@@ -119,7 +134,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const onMute = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title={"Switcher"}
         onMuteClick={onMute}
         iconsAndLabels="video"
         enabled={true}
@@ -139,11 +153,7 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const user = userEvent.setup();
     const requestDeviceNames = vi.fn();
     renderComponent(
-      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title="Switcher"
-        iconsAndLabels="audio"
-        enabled
-      />,
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton iconsAndLabels="audio" enabled />,
       { requestDeviceNames },
     );
 
@@ -157,7 +167,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     renderComponent(
       <>
         <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-          title="Switcher"
           iconsAndLabels="audio"
           enabled
           options={[
@@ -167,7 +176,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
           selectedOption="mic1"
         />
         <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-          title="Switcher"
           iconsAndLabels="video"
           enabled
           options={[
@@ -193,7 +201,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const onSelect = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title="Switcher"
         iconsAndLabels="audio"
         enabled={true}
         options={[
@@ -217,7 +224,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const onSelect = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title="Switcher"
         iconsAndLabels="audio"
         enabled={true}
         options={[
@@ -246,7 +252,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
       const [selectedOption, setSelectedOption] = useState("mic1");
       return (
         <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-          title="Switcher"
           iconsAndLabels="audio"
           enabled={true}
           options={[
@@ -306,7 +311,6 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     const onVideoBlurToggle = vi.fn();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title="Switcher"
         iconsAndLabels="video"
         enabled={true}
         videoBlurToggleClick={onVideoBlurToggle}
@@ -327,11 +331,10 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
     expect(onVideoBlurToggle).toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
-  test("renders check icon to mark the selected menu item", async () => {
+  test("marks the selected menu item as checked", async () => {
     const user = userEvent.setup();
     const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
       <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
-        title="Switcher"
         iconsAndLabels="audio"
         enabled={true}
         options={[
@@ -342,19 +345,493 @@ describe("MediaMuteAndSwitchButton", () => {
       />,
     );
 
-    // open menu
     await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
 
-    // The selected item (mic2) renders both an IconOptions SVG and a CheckIcon SVG
-    const mic1Item = screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", {
-      name: "Microphone 2",
-    });
-    expect(mic1Item.querySelectorAll("svg").length).toBe(2);
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2", checked: true });
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 1", checked: false });
+  });
 
-    // The unselected item (mic1) only renders its IconOptions SVG
-    const mic2Item = screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", {
+  test("disables every device while a selection is settling", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+    function Wrapper(): JSX.Element {
+      const [selectedOption, setSelectedOption] = useState("mic1");
+      return (
+        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+          iconsAndLabels="audio"
+          enabled={true}
+          options={[
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+          ]}
+          selectedOption={selectedOption}
+          onSelect={(id) => {
+            void promise.then(() => setSelectedOption(id));
+          }}
+          outputOptions={[
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+          ]}
+          selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+          onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+        />
+      );
+    }
+
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(<Wrapper />);
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    await user.click(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" }),
+    );
+
+    // In flight: nothing else can be picked, in either section.
+    for (const name of ["Microphone 1", "Speakers", "Headset"]) {
+      expect(screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name })).toHaveAttribute(
+        "aria-disabled",
+        "true",
+      );
+    }
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      resolve();
+      await promise;
+    });
+
+    // Settled: selectable again.
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 1" }),
+    ).not.toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Headset" }),
+    ).not.toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  });
+
+  test("lets go of a device switch that never arrives", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    // onSelect never reports back, as when a device is removed mid-switch.
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        outputOptions={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+        onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    await user.click(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" }),
+    );
+    await user.keyboard("{Escape}");
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    for (const name of ["Microphone 1", "Speakers", "Headset"]) {
+      expect(screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name })).not.toHaveAttribute(
+        "aria-disabled",
+        "true",
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("lets go of a device switch whose device is unplugged", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const mics: MenuOptions[] = [
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+      { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+    ];
+    const menu = (options: MenuOptions[]): JSX.Element => (
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={options}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        outputOptions={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+        onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+      />
+    );
+
+    const { getByRole, rerender } = renderComponent(menu(mics));
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    await user.click(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" }),
+    );
+
+    // The second microphone is unplugged before the switch lands.
+    rerender(withProviders(menu(mics.slice(0, 1))));
+
+    // Selectable again without closing the menu.
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Headset" }),
+    ).not.toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  });
+
+  test("moves the level without re-rendering anything", async () => {
+    // The level is drawn into the DOM, so a moving level commits nothing.
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    let commits = 0;
+
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <Profiler
+        id="menu"
+        onRender={(): void => {
+          commits++;
+        }}
+      >
+        <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+          iconsAndLabels="audio"
+          enabled={true}
+          options={[
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+          ]}
+          selectedOption="mic1"
+          onSelect={vi.fn()}
+          outputOptions={[
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+            { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+          ]}
+          selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+          onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+        />
+      </Profiler>,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    capture.grant();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(capture.contexts).toHaveLength(1));
+    const meter = await screen.findByRole("meter");
+    // The capture's arrival is one render: the idle level swapped for its own.
+    await act(async () => {});
+    const settled = commits;
+
+    // The meter smooths by elapsed time, so hand-driven frames need a clock.
+    let elapsed = performance.now();
+    const clock = vi
+      .spyOn(performance, "now")
+      .mockImplementation(() => (elapsed += 16));
+
+    // One frame per task, as a browser delivers them: one act() would batch them.
+    for (let step = 1; step <= 8; step++) {
+      capture.speak(step / 8);
+      await act(async () => {
+        capture.drawFrames(1);
+        await Promise.resolve();
+      });
+    }
+    clock.mockRestore();
+
+    expect(meter.getAttribute("aria-valuenow")).not.toBe("0");
+    expect(commits - settled).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("camera menu uses the same selection pattern and keeps the blur toggle", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="video"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 1" }, id: "cam1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Camera 2" }, id: "cam2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="cam1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        videoBlurToggleClick={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Camera" }));
+
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Camera 1", checked: true });
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Camera 2", checked: false });
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemcheckbox", { name: "Blur background" }),
+    ).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  test("marks focus as keyboard-driven only when the keyboard moved it", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    const list = screen
+      .getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 1" })
+      .closest("[data-focus-source]");
+
+    // The menu focuses whatever the pointer is over, so focus alone says nothing.
+    expect(list).toHaveAttribute("data-focus-source", "pointer");
+
+    await user.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
+    expect(list).toHaveAttribute("data-focus-source", "keyboard");
+
+    await user.pointer({
+      target: screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" }),
+      coords: { clientX: 10, clientY: 10 },
+    });
+    expect(list).toHaveAttribute("data-focus-source", "pointer");
+  });
+
+  test("marks the selected device with the accent fill", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic2"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const selected = screen
+      .getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" })
+      .querySelector("input[type=radio]");
+    expect(selected).toBeChecked();
+    // readOnly would paint the selected radio muted.
+    expect(selected).not.toHaveAttribute("readonly");
+  });
+
+  test("the open menu has no accessibility violations", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        outputOptions={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+        onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const menu = document.querySelector('[role="menu"]');
+    expect(await axe(menu as HTMLElement)).toHaveNoViolations();
+  });
+
+  test("puts the speaker section above the microphone section", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        outputOptions={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+        onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const speakers = screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Speakers" });
+    const microphone = screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", {
       name: "Microphone 1",
     });
-    expect(mic2Item.querySelectorAll("svg").length).toBe(1);
+    expect(
+      speakers.compareDocumentPosition(microphone) &
+        Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING,
+    ).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  test("lists speaker and microphone sections", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        outputOptions={[
+          {
+            label: { type: "default", name: "Built-in Output" },
+            id: "default",
+          },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="default"
+        onSelectOutput={vi.fn()}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", {
+      name: "Default (Built-in Output)",
+      checked: true,
+    });
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Headset", checked: false });
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 1", checked: true });
+    screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2", checked: false });
+  });
+
+  test("calls the output select callback on speaker click", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const onSelectOutput = vi.fn();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        outputOptions={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+        onSelectOutput={onSelectOutput}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+    await user.click(screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Headset" }));
+
+    expect(onSelectOutput).toHaveBeenCalledWith("spk2");
+  });
+
+  test("shows a single device entry disabled", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const onSelect = vi.fn();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={onSelect}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    // Shown, but not selectable.
+    const only = screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 1" });
+    expect(only).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+  });
+
+  test("shows a default speaker where the platform lists none", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        // As Safari: no outputs listed.
+        outputOptions={[]}
+        selectedOutputOption={undefined}
+        onSelectOutput={undefined}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    const speakers = screen
+      .getAllByRole("group")
+      .find((group) => group.getAttribute("aria-label") === "Speaker")!;
+    const entries = within(speakers).getAllByRole("menuitemradio");
+    expect(entries).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(entries[0]).toHaveAccessibleName("Default");
+    expect(entries[0]).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+    expect(entries[0]).toHaveAttribute("aria-checked", "true");
+    expect(
+      within(entries[0]).getByRole("radio", { hidden: true }),
+    ).toBeChecked();
+  });
+
+  test("shows the speaker section disabled when output selection is unsupported", async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderComponent(
+      <MediaMuteAndSwitchButton
+        iconsAndLabels="audio"
+        enabled={true}
+        options={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }, id: "mic1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Microphone 2" }, id: "mic2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOption="mic1"
+        onSelect={vi.fn()}
+        outputOptions={[
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Speakers" }, id: "spk1" },
+          { label: { type: "name", name: "Headset" }, id: "spk2" },
+        ]}
+        selectedOutputOption="spk1"
+        onSelectOutput={undefined}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Speakers" }),
+    ).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Headset" }),
+    ).toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
+    expect(
+      screen.getByRole("menuitemradio", { name: "Microphone 2" }),
+    ).not.toHaveAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
   });
 });

src/components/MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.tsx

@@ -5,37 +5,48 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { type ComponentType, useState, type FC, useEffect } from "react";
+import {
+  useCallback,
+  useState,
+  type CSSProperties,
+  type FC,
+  useEffect,
+  type ReactElement,
+} from "react";
 import {
   Button,
   Menu,
   MenuItem,
+  MenuTitle,
+  RadioInput,
   ToggleMenuItem,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
 import {
-  CheckIcon,
   ChevronUpIcon,
   ChevronDownIcon,
-  MicOnIcon,
   SpinnerIcon,
-  VideoCallIcon,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens/assets/web/icons";
 import classNames from "classnames";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { distinctUntilChanged, map } from "rxjs";
 
 import styles from "./MediaMuteAndSwitchButton.module.css";
 import { MicButton, VideoButton } from "../button";
-import { type DeviceLabel } from "../state/MediaDevices";
+import {
+  type AudioOutputDeviceLabel,
+  type DeviceLabel,
+} from "../state/MediaDevices";
 import { useMediaDevices } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
+import { useRootElement } from "../RootElementContext";
+import { observeElementSize$ } from "../utils/elementSize";
+import { LiveMicrophoneLevelMeter } from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter";
 
 export interface MenuOptions {
-  label: DeviceLabel;
+  label: DeviceLabel | AudioOutputDeviceLabel;
   id: string;
 }
 
 export interface MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps {
-  /** The title used in the Switcher modal. */
-  title: string;
   /** If the Mute button is enabled */
   enabled?: boolean;
   /** Callback if the mute button is clicked */
@@ -47,6 +58,12 @@ export interface MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps {
   options?: MenuOptions[];
   /** The option that will currently be rendered as the selected option */
   selectedOption?: string;
+  /** Output (speaker) devices. Audio menu only. */
+  outputOptions?: MenuOptions[];
+  /** The output option currently rendered as selected */
+  selectedOutputOption?: string;
+  /** Picks an output device. Undefined disables the speaker section. */
+  onSelectOutput?: (id: string) => void;
   videoBlurToggleClick?: () => void;
   videoBlurEnabled?: boolean;
   /**
@@ -58,90 +75,240 @@ export interface MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps {
 
 const BLUR_ID = "blur";
 
+/** Id of the placeholder "Default" row, shown when the platform lists no outputs. */
+const DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ID = "default";
+
+/** Largest share of the call area's height the device list may take. */
+const LIST_SHARE_OF_CALL = 0.6;
+
+/** Smallest device list height in px, so a short call still shows more than one device. */
+const MIN_LIST_HEIGHT = 160;
+
 export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
-  title,
   enabled,
   busy,
   onMuteClick,
   iconsAndLabels,
   options,
   selectedOption,
+  outputOptions,
+  selectedOutputOption,
+  onSelectOutput,
   videoBlurEnabled,
   videoBlurToggleClick,
   onSelect,
 }) => {
-  const [plannedSelection, setPlannedSelection] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  // Requested but not yet selected. Keyed by kind too, since Chrome uses
+  // "default" for both an input and an output.
+  const [plannedSelection, setPlannedSelection] = useState<{
+    kind: "input" | "output";
+    id: string;
+  } | null>(null);
   const [menuOpen, setMenuOpen] = useState(false);
+  const onOpenChange = useCallback((open: boolean): void => {
+    setMenuOpen(open);
+    // Drop a request that never arrived.
+    if (!open) setPlannedSelection(null);
+  }, []);
   const isBusy = busy ?? false;
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const devices = useMediaDevices();
 
+  /**
+   * Records on the menu whether the keyboard or the pointer moved focus, for
+   * the focus ring. `:focus-visible` can't tell: Radix focuses whatever the
+   * pointer is over. Listened for on the menu, not the document, so a second
+   * Element Call on the page doesn't answer for this one.
+   */
+  const trackFocusSource = useCallback(
+    (list: HTMLDivElement | null): (() => void) | undefined => {
+      const menu = list?.closest<HTMLElement>('[role="menu"]');
+      if (menu === null || menu === undefined) return;
+      const record = (source: "keyboard" | "pointer"): void => {
+        menu.dataset.focusSource = source;
+      };
+      record("pointer");
+      const usedKeyboard = (): void => record("keyboard");
+      const usedPointer = (): void => record("pointer");
+      menu.addEventListener("keydown", usedKeyboard, true);
+      menu.addEventListener("pointermove", usedPointer, true);
+      return (): void => {
+        menu.removeEventListener("keydown", usedKeyboard, true);
+        menu.removeEventListener("pointermove", usedPointer, true);
+      };
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  // Measured on the call area: CSS can't size the portalled menu against it.
+  const rootElement = useRootElement();
+  const [listMaxHeight, setListMaxHeight] = useState<number>();
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!menuOpen) return;
+    // Followed, since a host can resize the call while the menu is open.
+    const subscription = observeElementSize$(rootElement)
+      .pipe(
+        map(({ height }) =>
+          Math.max(MIN_LIST_HEIGHT, Math.round(height * LIST_SHARE_OF_CALL)),
+        ),
+        distinctUntilChanged(),
+      )
+      .subscribe(setListMaxHeight);
+    return (): void => subscription.unsubscribe();
+  }, [menuOpen, rootElement]);
+
+  // Kept clear at the list's foot, so a row reached by keyboard isn't under
+  // the meter.
+  const [meterHeight, meter] = useMeasuredHeight();
+
+  // Likewise at its head, for the sticky headings.
+  const [headingHeight, heading] = useMeasuredHeight();
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (menuOpen) devices.requestDeviceNames(); // No-op after the first call
   }, [menuOpen, devices]);
 
-  let button;
-  let toggles: { label: string; enabled: boolean; id: string }[] = [];
-  switch (iconsAndLabels) {
-    case "video":
-      button = (
-        <VideoButton
-          enabled={enabled ?? false}
-          busy={isBusy}
-          onClick={(e) => {
-            onMuteClick?.();
-            e.preventDefault();
-            e.stopPropagation();
-          }}
-          disabled={isBusy || onMuteClick === undefined}
-          data-testid="incall_videomute"
-        />
-      );
-      if (videoBlurToggleClick !== undefined) {
-        toggles = [
+  const MuteButton = iconsAndLabels === "audio" ? MicButton : VideoButton;
+  const button = (
+    <MuteButton
+      enabled={enabled ?? false}
+      busy={isBusy}
+      onClick={(e) => {
+        onMuteClick?.();
+        e.preventDefault();
+        e.stopPropagation();
+      }}
+      disabled={isBusy || onMuteClick === undefined}
+      data-testid={
+        iconsAndLabels === "audio" ? "incall_mute" : "incall_videomute"
+      }
+    />
+  );
+
+  const toggles =
+    iconsAndLabels === "video" && videoBlurToggleClick !== undefined
+      ? [
           {
             label: t("action.blur_background"),
             enabled: videoBlurEnabled ?? false,
             id: BLUR_ID,
           },
-        ];
-      }
-      break;
-    case "audio":
-      button = (
-        <MicButton
-          enabled={enabled ?? false}
-          busy={isBusy}
-          onClick={(e) => {
-            onMuteClick?.();
-            e.preventDefault();
-            e.stopPropagation();
-          }}
-          disabled={isBusy || onMuteClick === undefined}
-          data-testid="incall_mute"
-        />
-      );
-      break;
-  }
+        ]
+      : [];
 
-  let IconOptions: ComponentType<React.SVGAttributes<SVGElement>> | undefined;
   let optionsButtonLabel: string;
+  let menuTitle: string;
   let numberedLabel: (number: number) => string;
   switch (iconsAndLabels) {
     case "video":
-      IconOptions = VideoCallIcon;
       optionsButtonLabel = t("settings.devices.camera");
+      menuTitle = t("settings.devices.camera_source");
       numberedLabel = (n): string =>
         t("settings.devices.camera_numbered", { n });
       break;
     case "audio":
-      IconOptions = MicOnIcon;
       optionsButtonLabel = t("settings.devices.microphone");
+      menuTitle = t("settings.devices.mic_source");
       numberedLabel = (n): string =>
         t("settings.devices.microphone_numbered", { n });
       break;
   }
 
+  const labelText = (
+    label: MenuOptions["label"],
+    numbered: (n: number) => string,
+  ): string => {
+    switch (label.type) {
+      case "name":
+        return label.name;
+      case "number":
+        return numbered(label.number);
+      case "default":
+        return label.name === null
+          ? t("settings.devices.default")
+          : t("settings.devices.default_named_plain", { name: label.name });
+      case "speaker":
+        return t("settings.devices.loudspeaker");
+      case "earpiece":
+        return t("settings.devices.handset");
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Nothing can be picked while a requested device is on offer but not yet
+  // selected, so a second request can't overtake it.
+  const plannedOutput = plannedSelection?.kind === "output";
+  const selectedOfPlannedKind = plannedOutput
+    ? selectedOutputOption
+    : selectedOption;
+  const offeredOfPlannedKind = plannedOutput ? outputOptions : options;
+  const settling =
+    plannedSelection !== null &&
+    plannedSelection.id !== selectedOfPlannedKind &&
+    offeredOfPlannedKind?.some(({ id }) => id === plannedSelection.id) === true;
+
+  // Safari lists no outputs: show a disabled, selected Default rather than an
+  // empty section.
+  const noOutputsListed = outputOptions?.length === 0;
+  const speakerOptions: MenuOptions[] | undefined = noOutputsListed
+    ? [{ id: DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ID, label: { type: "default", name: null } }]
+    : outputOptions;
+  const selectedSpeaker = noOutputsListed
+    ? DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ID
+    : selectedOutputOption;
+
+  const deviceItems = (
+    kind: "input" | "output",
+    items: MenuOptions[] | undefined,
+    selected: string | undefined,
+    select: ((id: string) => void) | undefined,
+    numbered: (n: number) => string,
+  ): ReactElement[] => {
+    const list = items ?? [];
+    // Disabled rather than hidden, so the menu keeps its shape.
+    const disabled = select === undefined || list.length <= 1 || settling;
+    return list.map(({ label, id }) => (
+      <MenuItem
+        // A radio input may not sit inside a button.
+        as="div"
+        hideChevron
+        disabled={disabled}
+        label={labelText(label, numbered)}
+        Icon={
+          // Inert, not aria-hidden: aria-hidden alone leaves it focusable.
+          <span inert>
+            <RadioInput
+              checked={selected === id}
+              disabled={disabled}
+              // Not readOnly, which mutes the selected fill. The item handles
+              // the click.
+              onChange={(): void => {}}
+            />
+          </span>
+        }
+        onSelect={(e) => {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          if (id === selected) return;
+          setPlannedSelection({ kind, id });
+          select?.(id);
+        }}
+        key={id}
+        role="menuitemradio"
+        aria-checked={selected === id}
+      >
+        {selected !== id &&
+          plannedSelection?.kind === kind &&
+          plannedSelection.id === id && (
+            <SpinnerIcon
+              width={24}
+              height={24}
+              className={styles.rotate}
+              aria-label={t("settings.devices.activating")}
+            />
+          )}
+      </MenuItem>
+    ));
+  };
+
   return (
     <div
       className={classNames({
@@ -152,10 +319,12 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
       {/* The mute button lives inside */}
       {button}
       <Menu
-        title={title}
-        showTitle={true}
+        className={styles.menu}
+        // Named for screen readers only: each section has its own heading.
+        title={menuTitle}
+        showTitle={false}
         open={menuOpen}
-        onOpenChange={setMenuOpen}
+        onOpenChange={onOpenChange}
         side="top"
         trigger={
           <Button
@@ -171,67 +340,74 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
           />
         }
       >
-        {options?.map(({ label, id }) => {
-          let labelText: string;
-          switch (label.type) {
-            case "name":
-              labelText = label.name;
-              break;
-            case "number":
-              labelText = numberedLabel(label.number);
-              break;
+        <div
+          ref={trackFocusSource}
+          // Keeps the items the menu's own children for assistive tech.
+          role="none"
+          className={styles.deviceList}
+          style={
+            {
+              "--device-list-max-height":
+                listMaxHeight === undefined ? undefined : `${listMaxHeight}px`,
+              "--device-list-scroll-padding-end":
+                meterHeight === undefined ? undefined : `${meterHeight}px`,
+              "--device-list-scroll-padding-start":
+                headingHeight === undefined ? undefined : `${headingHeight}px`,
+            } as CSSProperties
           }
-          return (
-            <MenuItem
-              hideChevron
-              label={labelText}
-              Icon={
-                IconOptions && (
-                  <IconOptions
-                    width={24}
-                    height={24}
-                    className={styles.itemIcon}
-                    aria-hidden
-                  />
-                )
-              }
-              onSelect={(e) => {
-                e.preventDefault();
-                if (id === selectedOption) return;
-                setPlannedSelection(id);
-                onSelect?.(id);
-              }}
-              key={id}
-              role="menuitemradio"
-              aria-checked={selectedOption === id}
-            >
-              {selectedOption === id && (
-                <CheckIcon
-                  width={24}
-                  height={24}
-                  aria-hidden // A label would be redundant to aria-checked above
+        >
+          {iconsAndLabels === "audio" && speakerOptions && (
+            <>
+              {/* A menu may only contain items, separators and groups, so each
+                  heading is a hidden part of a named group. */}
+              <div role="group" aria-label={t("settings.devices.speaker")}>
+                <div aria-hidden className={styles.sectionHeading}>
+                  <MenuTitle title={t("settings.devices.speaker")} />
+                </div>
+                {deviceItems(
+                  "output",
+                  speakerOptions,
+                  selectedSpeaker,
+                  onSelectOutput,
+                  (n) => t("settings.devices.speaker_numbered", { n }),
+                )}
+              </div>
+            </>
+          )}
+          <div role="group" aria-label={optionsButtonLabel}>
+            <div ref={heading} aria-hidden className={styles.sectionHeading}>
+              <MenuTitle title={optionsButtonLabel} />
+            </div>
+            {/* Apart from the heading, so the sticky meter can't ride over it. */}
+            <div role="none">
+              {deviceItems(
+                "input",
+                options,
+                selectedOption,
+                onSelect,
+                numberedLabel,
+              )}
+              {iconsAndLabels === "audio" && (
+                <LiveMicrophoneLevelMeter
+                  ref={meter}
+                  deviceId={selectedOption}
+                  // Only while open, so the microphone isn't held all call.
+                  active={menuOpen}
+                  className={styles.stickyMeter}
                 />
               )}
-              {selectedOption !== id && plannedSelection === id && (
-                <SpinnerIcon
-                  width={24}
-                  height={24}
-                  className={styles.rotate}
-                  aria-label={t("settings.devices.activating")}
-                />
-              )}
-            </MenuItem>
-          );
-        })}
-        {(toggles?.length ?? 0) > 0 && <hr />}
-        {toggles?.map((toggle) => (
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        {toggles.length > 0 && <hr />}
+        {toggles.map((toggle) => (
           <ToggleMenuItem
             label={toggle.label}
             onSelect={(e) => {
               videoBlurToggleClick?.();
               e.preventDefault();
             }}
-            checked={toggle.enabled ?? false}
+            checked={toggle.enabled}
             key={toggle.id}
           />
         ))}
@@ -239,3 +415,25 @@ export const MediaMuteAndSwitchButton: FC<MediaMuteAndSwitchButtonProps> = ({
     </div>
   );
 };
+
+/** Follows an element's height. */
+function useMeasuredHeight(): [
+  number | undefined,
+  (element: HTMLElement | null) => (() => void) | undefined,
+] {
+  const [height, setHeight] = useState<number>();
+  const ref = useCallback(
+    (element: HTMLElement | null): (() => void) | undefined => {
+      if (element === null) return;
+      const subscription = observeElementSize$(element)
+        .pipe(
+          map((size) => size.height),
+          distinctUntilChanged(),
+        )
+        .subscribe(setHeight);
+      return (): void => subscription.unsubscribe();
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+  return [height, ref];
+}

src/components/MicrophoneLevelMeter.module.css

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+.meter {
+  /* A device row's icon column, so the bars start where the names do. */
+  --meter-icon-size: 24px;
+
+  /* Compound's radio size, whose centre line the icon shares. */
+  --device-control-size: 20px;
+
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--cpd-space-3x);
+  padding-block: var(--cpd-space-2x);
+  /* Centres the icon on the radio column: less the row's inset border and half
+     the icon's extra width. Checked in the MeterAlignsWithTheDeviceRows story. */
+  padding-inline-start: calc(
+    var(--cpd-space-4x) - var(--cpd-border-width-1) -
+      (var(--meter-icon-size) - var(--device-control-size)) / 2
+  );
+  padding-inline-end: calc(var(--cpd-space-4x) * 2 + var(--cpd-space-2x));
+}
+
+.icon {
+  color: var(--cpd-color-icon-secondary);
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  inline-size: var(--meter-icon-size);
+  block-size: var(--meter-icon-size);
+}
+
+.segments {
+  /* Bars keep one size and the width decides how many; the component reads the
+     sizes back from here. */
+  flex: 1;
+  /* So the bars never set the menu's width. */
+  contain: inline-size;
+  min-inline-size: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  /* Half again a bar's width, per the design. */
+  gap: var(--cpd-space-1-5x);
+}
+
+.segment {
+  flex: none;
+  inline-size: var(--cpd-space-1x);
+  block-size: var(--cpd-space-4x);
+  border-radius: var(--cpd-space-1x);
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-subtle-primary);
+}
+
+/* The count of lit bars carries the level as well as their colour. */
+.segmentLit {
+  background: var(--cpd-color-bg-accent-rest);
+}
+
+.message {
+  color: var(--cpd-color-text-secondary);
+  /* A paragraph's margin would lift the text off centre. */
+  margin-block: 0;
+}

src/components/MicrophoneLevelMeter.stories.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { expect, within } from "storybook/test";
+import { type JSX } from "react";
+
+import type { Meta, StoryObj } from "@storybook/react-vite";
+import {
+  MicrophoneLevelMeter,
+  type MicrophoneLevelMeterProps,
+} from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter";
+import styles from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter.module.css";
+import { LEVEL_SCALE } from "../state/MicrophoneLevel";
+import { constant } from "../state/Behavior";
+
+/** Roughly the menu's width. It only decides how many bars fit. */
+const STORY_WIDTH = 256;
+
+const meta = {
+  component: MicrophoneLevelMeter,
+  decorators: [
+    (Story): JSX.Element => (
+      <div style={{ inlineSize: STORY_WIDTH }}>
+        <Story />
+      </div>
+    ),
+  ],
+  argTypes: {
+    state: {
+      description:
+        "What the selected microphone can say about itself: a level, or a reason there is none.",
+    },
+  },
+} satisfies Meta<typeof MicrophoneLevelMeter>;
+
+export default meta;
+type Story = StoryObj<typeof meta>;
+
+/** A quiet room: hiss below the noise floor lights nothing. */
+export const Silent: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "level", level$: constant(0) } },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    await expect(litSegments(canvasElement)).toBe(0);
+  },
+};
+
+export const QuietSpeech: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "level", level$: constant(5) } },
+};
+
+export const NormalSpeech: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "level", level$: constant(12) } },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    // A floor, not a count: the count follows from the design's bar and gap sizes.
+    await expect(
+      canvasElement.getElementsByClassName(styles.segment).length,
+    ).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(15);
+  },
+};
+
+export const LoudSpeech: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "level", level$: constant(LEVEL_SCALE) } },
+};
+
+/** The three volumes differ in how many bars are lit, not only in colour. */
+export const VolumesAreDistinguishable: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "level", level$: constant(5) } },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement, mount }) => {
+    const lit: number[] = [];
+    for (const level of [5, 12, LEVEL_SCALE]) {
+      await mount(
+        <MicrophoneLevelMeter
+          state={{ type: "level", level$: constant(level) }}
+        />,
+      );
+      lit.push(litSegments(canvasElement));
+      await expect(within(canvasElement).getByRole("meter")).toHaveAttribute(
+        "aria-valuenow",
+        String(level),
+      );
+    }
+    await expect(new Set(lit).size).toBe(lit.length);
+    await expect(lit).toEqual([...lit].sort((a, b) => a - b));
+  },
+};
+
+/** Permission refused: a message with a next action, not a still meter. */
+export const PermissionDenied: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "permission-denied" } },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await expect(canvas.queryByRole("meter")).toBeNull();
+    await expect(
+      canvas.getByText(/Microphone access is blocked/),
+    ).toBeVisible();
+  },
+};
+
+/** No input device, told apart from a refusal. */
+export const NoDevice: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "no-device" } },
+  play: async ({ canvasElement }) => {
+    const canvas = within(canvasElement);
+    await expect(canvas.queryByRole("meter")).toBeNull();
+    await expect(canvas.getByText(/No microphone found/)).toBeVisible();
+
+    // The icon sits on the middle of the text, however many lines it runs to.
+    const middle = (element: Element): number => {
+      const box = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+      return box.top + box.height / 2;
+    };
+    const icon = canvasElement.getElementsByClassName(styles.icon)[0];
+    const words = canvasElement.getElementsByClassName(styles.message)[0];
+    await expect(Math.abs(middle(icon) - middle(words))).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1);
+  },
+};
+
+/** The same meter at two widths: the bars keep their size and only their count changes. */
+export const ShapeStaysTheSameAtAnyWidth: Story = {
+  args: { state: { type: "level", level$: constant(12) } },
+  play: async ({ mount, args }) => {
+    const narrow = await measureAt(mount, args, 180);
+    const wide = await measureAt(mount, args, 400);
+
+    await expect(narrow.bar).toBe(wide.bar);
+    await expect(narrow.gap).toBe(wide.gap);
+    await expect(narrow.count).toBeLessThan(wide.count);
+    // The bars are still separate, not one run of colour.
+    await expect(narrow.gap).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  },
+};
+
+/** How many bars are lit. */
+function litSegments(canvasElement: HTMLElement): number {
+  return canvasElement.getElementsByClassName(styles.segmentLit).length;
+}
+
+/** Renders the meter at one width and reports its bars' shape. */
+async function measureAt(
+  mount: (ui: JSX.Element) => Promise<unknown>,
+  args: MicrophoneLevelMeterProps,
+  width: number,
+): Promise<{ count: number; bar: number; gap: number }> {
+  await mount(
+    <div style={{ inlineSize: width }}>
+      <MicrophoneLevelMeter {...args} />
+    </div>,
+  );
+  const bars = Array.from(document.body.getElementsByClassName(styles.segment));
+  const first = bars[0].getBoundingClientRect();
+  const second = bars[1].getBoundingClientRect();
+  return {
+    count: bars.length,
+    bar: first.width,
+    gap: second.left - first.right,
+  };
+}

src/components/MicrophoneLevelMeter.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+
+import { MicrophoneLevelMeter } from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter";
+import { LEVEL_SCALE } from "../state/MicrophoneLevel";
+import { constant } from "../state/Behavior";
+
+describe("MicrophoneLevelMeter", () => {
+  test("announces the level rather than relying on hue", () => {
+    render(
+      <MicrophoneLevelMeter state={{ type: "level", level$: constant(6) }} />,
+    );
+
+    const meter = screen.getByRole("meter", { name: "Microphone level" });
+    expect(meter).toHaveAttribute("aria-valuenow", "6");
+    expect(meter).toHaveAttribute("aria-valuemax", String(LEVEL_SCALE));
+    expect(meter).toHaveAttribute("aria-valuetext", `6 of ${LEVEL_SCALE}`);
+  });
+
+  test("shows distinct messages for denied permission and no input device", () => {
+    const denied = render(
+      <MicrophoneLevelMeter state={{ type: "permission-denied" }} />,
+    );
+    expect(
+      denied.getByText(/Microphone access is blocked/),
+    ).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(denied.queryByRole("meter")).toBeNull();
+
+    const missing = render(
+      <MicrophoneLevelMeter state={{ type: "no-device" }} />,
+    );
+    expect(missing.getByText(/No microphone found/)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(missing.queryByRole("meter")).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

src/components/MicrophoneLevelMeter.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import {
+  useCallback,
+  useLayoutEffect,
+  useRef,
+  useState,
+  type FC,
+  type Ref,
+} from "react";
+import { Text } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
+import { MicOnIcon } from "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens/assets/web/icons";
+import classNames from "classnames";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+
+import { distinctUntilChanged, map } from "rxjs";
+
+import styles from "./MicrophoneLevelMeter.module.css";
+import { LEVEL_SCALE, type MicrophoneState } from "../state/MicrophoneLevel";
+import { observeElementSize$ } from "../utils/elementSize";
+import { useMicrophoneLevel } from "./useMicrophoneLevel";
+
+export interface LiveMicrophoneLevelMeterProps {
+  /** The microphone to listen to. */
+  deviceId: string | undefined;
+  /** Whether to hold a capture at all. */
+  active: boolean;
+  className?: string;
+  ref?: Ref<HTMLDivElement>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The meter, wired to a live capture. Its own component so a changing level
+ * re-renders the meter, not its parent.
+ */
+export const LiveMicrophoneLevelMeter: FC<LiveMicrophoneLevelMeterProps> = ({
+  deviceId,
+  active,
+  className,
+  ref,
+}) => {
+  const state = useMicrophoneLevel(deviceId, active);
+  return <MicrophoneLevelMeter state={state} className={className} ref={ref} />;
+};
+
+export interface MicrophoneLevelMeterProps {
+  state: MicrophoneState;
+  className?: string;
+  ref?: Ref<HTMLDivElement>;
+}
+
+/** The input level of a microphone, or why there is none. */
+export const MicrophoneLevelMeter: FC<MicrophoneLevelMeterProps> = ({
+  state,
+  className,
+  ref,
+}) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  // Bars keep one size, so their count follows the width. Starts full so the
+  // first paint, and jsdom, draw a whole meter.
+  const [barCount, setBarCount] = useState(LEVEL_SCALE);
+  const segments = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const track = useCallback(
+    (element: HTMLDivElement | null): (() => void) | undefined => {
+      if (element === null) return;
+      segments.current = element;
+      const subscription = observeElementSize$(element)
+        .pipe(
+          map(({ width }) => barsThatFit(element, width)),
+          distinctUntilChanged(),
+        )
+        .subscribe(setBarCount);
+      return (): void => {
+        subscription.unsubscribe();
+        segments.current = null;
+      };
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  // Drawn straight into the DOM: the level changes many times a second, and
+  // re-rendering for each change is what this avoids.
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const element = segments.current;
+    if (state.type !== "level" || element === null) return;
+    const subscription = state.level$.subscribe((level) => {
+      element.setAttribute("aria-valuenow", String(level));
+      element.setAttribute(
+        "aria-valuetext",
+        t("microphone_level.value", { level, max: LEVEL_SCALE }),
+      );
+      // The level is a share of the scale, not a bar count.
+      const lit = Math.round((level / LEVEL_SCALE) * barCount);
+      Array.from(element.children).forEach((bar, i) =>
+        bar.classList.toggle(styles.segmentLit, i < lit),
+      );
+    });
+    return (): void => subscription.unsubscribe();
+  }, [state, barCount, t]);
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={ref} className={classNames(styles.meter, className)}>
+      <MicOnIcon className={styles.icon} aria-hidden />
+      {state.type !== "level" ? (
+        <Text size="sm" className={styles.message}>
+          {state.type === "permission-denied"
+            ? t("microphone_level.permission_denied")
+            : t("microphone_level.no_device")}
+        </Text>
+      ) : (
+        <div
+          ref={track}
+          className={styles.segments}
+          role="meter"
+          aria-label={t("microphone_level.label")}
+          aria-valuemin={0}
+          aria-valuemax={LEVEL_SCALE}
+          // The first paint's value; the effect above keeps it current.
+          aria-valuenow={state.level$.value}
+          aria-valuetext={t("microphone_level.value", {
+            level: state.level$.value,
+            max: LEVEL_SCALE,
+          })}
+        >
+          {Array.from({ length: barCount }, (_, i) => (
+            <span key={i} aria-hidden className={styles.segment} />
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+/** How many bars fit across `width`, measured so the stylesheet alone sets their size. */
+function barsThatFit(track: HTMLElement, width: number): number {
+  const gap = Number.parseFloat(getComputedStyle(track).columnGap);
+  const bar = track.firstElementChild?.getBoundingClientRect().width ?? 0;
+  // No layout (jsdom): keep the full count.
+  if (!(bar > 0) || !(gap >= 0)) return LEVEL_SCALE;
+  return Math.max(1, Math.floor((width + gap) / (bar + gap)));
+}

src/components/useMicrophoneLevel.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { renderHook } from "@testing-library/react";
+
+import { useMicrophoneLevel } from "./useMicrophoneLevel";
+import { restoreAudioCapture, stubAudioCapture } from "../utils/test";
+
+// Capture and release are covered in MicrophoneLevel.test.ts; this covers the bridge.
+describe("useMicrophoneLevel", () => {
+  afterEach(restoreAudioCapture);
+
+  test("holds no capture while the meter is not shown", () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+
+    renderHook(() => useMicrophoneLevel("mic1", false));
+
+    expect(capture.getUserMedia).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test("starts from nothing rather than the previous device's level", () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+
+    const { result, rerender } = renderHook(
+      ({ id }: { id: string }) => useMicrophoneLevel(id, true),
+      { initialProps: { id: "mic1" } },
+    );
+    capture.grant();
+
+    rerender({ id: "mic2" });
+
+    // No level carried over from the previous device.
+    const state = result.current;
+    expect(state.type === "level" ? state.level$.value : state.type).toBe(0);
+  });
+});

src/components/useMicrophoneLevel.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+
+import {
+  type MicrophoneState,
+  observeMicrophoneState$,
+} from "../state/MicrophoneLevel";
+import { constant } from "../state/Behavior";
+
+const IDLE: MicrophoneState = { type: "level", level$: constant(0) };
+
+/** The live level of a microphone, captured only while `active`. */
+export function useMicrophoneLevel(
+  deviceId: string | undefined,
+  active: boolean,
+): MicrophoneState {
+  const [state, setState] = useState<MicrophoneState>(IDLE);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!active) return;
+    // Idle first, so a new device doesn't start from the previous level.
+    setState(IDLE);
+    const subscription = observeMicrophoneState$(deviceId).subscribe(setState);
+    return (): void => subscription.unsubscribe();
+  }, [deviceId, active]);
+
+  return state;
+}

src/grid/CallLayout.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { act, render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { arrangeTiles, type Bounds } from "./CallLayout";
+import { makeGridLayout } from "./GridLayout";
+import { makeSpotlightLandscapeLayout } from "./SpotlightLandscapeLayout";
+import { makeSpotlightPortraitLayout } from "./SpotlightPortraitLayout";
+import { type DragCallback, type LayoutProps } from "./Grid";
+import { constant } from "../state/Behavior";
+import {
+  type Alignment,
+  type GridLayout,
+  type SpotlightLandscapeLayout,
+  type SpotlightPortraitLayout,
+} from "../state/layout-types";
+import { type UserMediaViewModel } from "../state/media/UserMediaViewModel";
+import {
+  GridTileViewModel,
+  SpotlightTileViewModel,
+  type TileViewModel,
+} from "../state/TileViewModel";
+
+// Grid supplies these hooks to the layouts it renders; on their own the
+// layouts have no grid to report to
+vi.mock("./Grid", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<Record<string, unknown>>()),
+  useUpdateLayout: (): void => {},
+  useVisibleTiles: (): void => {},
+}));
+
+describe("grid layout", () => {
+  it("sizes the tiles from the minimum bounds", () => {
+    const minBounds$ = new BehaviorSubject<Bounds>({ width: 800, height: 600 });
+    const { scrolling: Scrolling } = makeGridLayout({ minBounds$ });
+    render(<Scrolling model={gridModel()} Slot={Slot} />);
+    const layer = screen.getByTestId("slot-0").parentElement!;
+    expect(layer.style.width).toBe("800px");
+    expect(layer.style.getPropertyValue("--width")).toBe(
+      `${Math.floor(arrangeTiles(800, 600, 3).tileWidth)}px`,
+    );
+
+    act(() => minBounds$.next({ width: 400, height: 300 }));
+    expect(layer.style.width).toBe("400px");
+    expect(layer.style.getPropertyValue("--width")).toBe(
+      `${Math.floor(arrangeTiles(400, 300, 3).tileWidth)}px`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("moves the spotlight only when a drag reaches another corner", () => {
+    const model = gridModel();
+    const { fixed: Fixed } = makeGridLayout({ minBounds$: bounds });
+    render(<Fixed model={model} Slot={Slot} />);
+    const alignments: Alignment[] = [];
+    model.spotlightAlignment$.subscribe((a) => alignments.push(a));
+    const drag = drags.get("spotlight")!;
+
+    // Still in the bottom right corner
+    act(() => drag({ x: 0, y: 0, xRatio: 0.9, yRatio: 0.9 }));
+    // Over to the bottom left
+    act(() => drag({ x: 0, y: 0, xRatio: 0.1, yRatio: 0.9 }));
+    // And a little further, still bottom left
+    act(() => drag({ x: 0, y: 0, xRatio: 0.2, yRatio: 0.8 }));
+    // Up to the top left
+    act(() => drag({ x: 0, y: 0, xRatio: 0.2, yRatio: 0.1 }));
+
+    expect(alignments).toEqual([
+      { inline: "end", block: "end" },
+      { inline: "start", block: "end" },
+      { inline: "start", block: "start" },
+    ]);
+    const slot = screen.getByTestId("slot-spotlight");
+    expect(slot.getAttribute("data-inline-alignment")).toBe("start");
+    expect(slot.getAttribute("data-block-alignment")).toBe("start");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("spotlight landscape layout", () => {
+  it("puts the spotlight in the fixed layer and the grid in the scrolling one", () => {
+    const { fixed: Fixed, scrolling: Scrolling } = makeSpotlightLandscapeLayout(
+      { minBounds$: bounds },
+    );
+    const model = landscapeModel();
+    const { unmount } = render(<Fixed model={model} Slot={Slot} />);
+    expect(screen.getByTestId("slot-spotlight")).toBeInTheDocument();
+    unmount();
+
+    render(<Scrolling model={model} Slot={Slot} />);
+    expect(slotIds()).toEqual(model.grid.map((tile) => tile.id));
+  });
+});
+
+describe("spotlight portrait layout", () => {
+  it("sizes the grid tiles from the minimum width", () => {
+    const minBounds$ = new BehaviorSubject<Bounds>({ width: 300, height: 700 });
+    const { scrolling: Scrolling } = makeSpotlightPortraitLayout({
+      minBounds$,
+    });
+    const model = portraitModel();
+    render(<Scrolling model={model} Slot={Slot} />);
+    expect(slotIds()).toEqual(model.grid.map((tile) => tile.id));
+    const layer = screen.getByTestId(`slot-${model.grid[0].id}`).parentElement!
+      .parentElement!;
+    expect(layer.style.getPropertyValue("--grid-tile-width")).toBe(
+      `${Math.floor(arrangeTiles(300, 300, 3).tileWidth)}px`,
+    );
+
+    act(() => minBounds$.next({ width: 500, height: 700 }));
+    expect(layer.style.getPropertyValue("--grid-tile-width")).toBe(
+      `${Math.floor(arrangeTiles(500, 500, 3).tileWidth)}px`,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+const bounds = constant<Bounds>({ width: 800, height: 600 });
+
+// The layouts only pass tile view models through to their slots
+const media = {} as UserMediaViewModel;
+const spotlight = new SpotlightTileViewModel(
+  constant([]),
+  constant(false),
+  constant("solid"),
+);
+const tiles = (): GridTileViewModel[] =>
+  Array.from({ length: 3 }, () => new GridTileViewModel(constant(media)));
+
+function gridModel(): GridLayout {
+  return {
+    type: "grid",
+    spotlight,
+    grid: tiles(),
+    spotlightAlignment$: new BehaviorSubject<Alignment>({
+      inline: "end",
+      block: "end",
+    }),
+    setVisibleTiles: () => {},
+  };
+}
+
+function landscapeModel(): SpotlightLandscapeLayout {
+  return {
+    type: "spotlight-landscape",
+    spotlight,
+    grid: tiles(),
+    setVisibleTiles: () => {},
+  };
+}
+
+function portraitModel(): SpotlightPortraitLayout {
+  return {
+    type: "spotlight-portrait",
+    spotlight,
+    grid: tiles(),
+    setVisibleTiles: () => {},
+  };
+}
+
+// Slots record their drag callback so a test can drag them, and show the id
+// of the tile they hold
+const drags = new Map<string, DragCallback | undefined>();
+const Slot: LayoutProps<unknown, TileViewModel, HTMLDivElement>["Slot"] = ({
+  id,
+  model,
+  onDrag,
+  ...props
+}) => {
+  drags.set(id, onDrag);
+  return (
+    <div data-testid={`slot-${id}`} {...props}>
+      {model instanceof GridTileViewModel ? model.id : "spotlight"}
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+function slotIds(): string[] {
+  return screen
+    .getAllByTestId(/^slot-/)
+    .map((slot) => slot.textContent ?? "")
+    .filter((id) => id !== "spotlight");
+}

src/grid/CallLayout.ts

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { type Observable } from "rxjs";
 import { type ComponentType } from "react";
 
 import { type LayoutProps } from "./Grid";
 import { type TileViewModel } from "../state/TileViewModel";
+import { type Behavior } from "../state/Behavior";
 
 export interface Bounds {
   width: number;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export interface CallLayoutInputs {
   /**
    * The minimum bounds of the layout area.
    */
-  minBounds$: Observable<Bounds>;
+  minBounds$: Behavior<Bounds>;
 }
 
 export interface CallLayoutOutputs<Model> {

src/grid/GridLayout.tsx

@@ -11,14 +11,12 @@ import {
   useCallback,
   useMemo,
 } from "react";
-import { distinctUntilChanged } from "rxjs";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 
 import { type GridLayout as GridLayoutModel } from "../state/layout-types.ts";
 import styles from "./GridLayout.module.css";
-import { useInitial } from "../useInitial";
 import { type CallLayout, arrangeTiles } from "./CallLayout";
 import { type DragCallback, useUpdateLayout, useVisibleTiles } from "./Grid";
+import { useBehavior } from "../useBehavior";
 
 interface GridCSSProperties extends CSSProperties {
   "--gap": string;
@@ -39,22 +37,18 @@ export const makeGridLayout: CallLayout<GridLayoutModel> = ({
   // lives
   fixed: function GridLayoutFixed({ ref, model, Slot }): ReactNode {
     useUpdateLayout();
-    const alignment = useObservableEagerState(
-      useInitial(() =>
-        model.spotlightAlignment$.pipe(
-          distinctUntilChanged(
-            (a1, a2) => a1.block === a2.block && a1.inline === a2.inline,
-          ),
-        ),
-      ),
-    );
+    const alignment = useBehavior(model.spotlightAlignment$);
 
     const onDragSpotlight: DragCallback = useCallback(
-      ({ xRatio, yRatio }) =>
-        model.spotlightAlignment$.next({
-          block: yRatio < 0.5 ? "start" : "end",
-          inline: xRatio < 0.5 ? "start" : "end",
-        }),
+      ({ xRatio, yRatio }) => {
+        const block = yRatio < 0.5 ? "start" : "end";
+        const inline = xRatio < 0.5 ? "start" : "end";
+        // A drag reports the same alignment on every move; only a change is
+        // worth a re-render
+        const current = model.spotlightAlignment$.value;
+        if (current.block !== block || current.inline !== inline)
+          model.spotlightAlignment$.next({ block, inline });
+      },
       [model.spotlightAlignment$],
     );
 
@@ -78,7 +72,7 @@ export const makeGridLayout: CallLayout<GridLayoutModel> = ({
   scrolling: function GridLayout({ ref, model, Slot }): ReactNode {
     useUpdateLayout();
     useVisibleTiles(model.setVisibleTiles);
-    const { width, height: minHeight } = useObservableEagerState(minBounds$);
+    const { width, height: minHeight } = useBehavior(minBounds$);
     const { gap, tileWidth, tileHeight } = useMemo(
       () => arrangeTiles(width, minHeight, model.grid.length),
       [width, minHeight, model.grid.length],

src/grid/OneOnOneDesktopLayout.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { type ReactNode, useCallback, useMemo } from "react";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 import classNames from "classnames";
 
 import { type OneOnOneDesktopLayout as OneOnOneDesktopLayoutModel } from "../state/layout-types.ts";
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ export const makeOneOnOneDesktopLayout: CallLayout<
     Slot,
   }): ReactNode {
     useUpdateLayout();
-    const { width, height } = useObservableEagerState(minBounds$);
+    const { width, height } = useBehavior(minBounds$);
     const pipAlignment = useBehavior(model.pipAlignment$);
     const { tileWidth, tileHeight } = useMemo(
       () => arrangeTiles(width, height, 1),

src/grid/SpotlightLandscapeLayout.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { type FC, type ReactNode } from "react";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 import classNames from "classnames";
 
 import { type CallLayout } from "./CallLayout";
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ export const makeSpotlightLandscapeLayout: CallLayout<
     Slot,
   }): ReactNode {
     useUpdateLayout();
-    useObservableEagerState(minBounds$);
+    useBehavior(minBounds$);
 
     return (
       <div ref={ref} className={styles.layer}>
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ export const makeSpotlightLandscapeLayout: CallLayout<
   }): ReactNode {
     useUpdateLayout();
     useVisibleTiles(model.setVisibleTiles);
-    useObservableEagerState(minBounds$);
+    useBehavior(minBounds$);
 
     return (
       <div ref={ref} className={styles.layer}>

src/grid/SpotlightPortraitLayout.tsx

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { type ReactNode, type CSSProperties } from "react";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 import classNames from "classnames";
 
 import { type CallLayout, arrangeTiles } from "./CallLayout";
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ export const makeSpotlightPortraitLayout: CallLayout<
   }): ReactNode {
     useUpdateLayout();
     useVisibleTiles(model.setVisibleTiles);
-    const { width } = useObservableEagerState(minBounds$);
+    const { width } = useBehavior(minBounds$);
     const { gap, tileWidth, tileHeight } = arrangeTiles(
       width,
       // TODO: We pretend that the minimum height is the width, because the

src/livekit/TrackProcessorContext.tsx

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ import {
 } from "react";
 import { type LocalVideoTrack } from "livekit-client";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
-import { combineLatest, map, type Observable } from "rxjs";
-import { useObservable } from "observable-hooks";
+import { combineLatest } from "rxjs";
 
 import {
   backgroundBlur as backgroundBlurSettings,
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@ import { BlurBackgroundTransformer } from "./BlurBackgroundTransformer";
 import { type Behavior } from "../state/Behavior";
 import { type ObservableScope } from "../state/ObservableScope";
 import { platform } from "../Platform";
+import { useValueBehavior } from "../useValueBehavior";
 
 //TODO-MULTI-SFU: This is not yet fully there.
 // it is a combination of exposing observable and react hooks.
@@ -52,18 +52,8 @@ export function useTrackProcessor(): ProcessorState {
   return state;
 }
 
-export function useTrackProcessorObservable$(): Observable<ProcessorState> {
-  const state = use(ProcessorContext);
-  if (state === undefined)
-    throw new Error(
-      "useTrackProcessor must be used within a ProcessorProvider",
-    );
-  const state$ = useObservable(
-    (init$) => init$.pipe(map(([init]) => init)),
-    [state],
-  );
-
-  return state$;
+export function useTrackProcessorState$(): Behavior<ProcessorState> {
+  return useValueBehavior(useTrackProcessor());
 }
 
 /**

src/reactions/index.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import waveSoundOgg from "../sound/reactions/wave.ogg?url";
 import waveSoundMp3 from "../sound/reactions/wave.mp3?url";
 import baduntssSoundOgg from "../sound/reactions/baduntss.ogg?url";
 import baduntssSoundMp3 from "../sound/reactions/baduntss.mp3?url";
+import bellSoundOgg from "../sound/reactions/bell.ogg?url";
+import bellSoundMp3 from "../sound/reactions/bell.mp3?url";
 
 export const ElementCallReactionEventType = "io.element.call.reaction";
 
@@ -202,6 +204,15 @@ export const ReactionSet: ReactionOption[] = [
       mp3: baduntssSoundMp3,
     },
   },
+  {
+    emoji: "🛎️",
+    name: "bell",
+    alias: ["ding"],
+    sound: {
+      ogg: bellSoundOgg,
+      mp3: bellSoundMp3,
+    },
+  },
 ];
 
 export interface RaisedHandInfo {

src/room/InCallView.tsx

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ import {
 import useMeasure from "react-use-measure";
 import { type MatrixRTCSession } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import classNames from "classnames";
-import { map } from "rxjs";
-import { useObservable } from "observable-hooks";
 import { logger as rootLogger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
@@ -77,10 +75,11 @@ import {
   useAppBarSubtitle,
 } from "../AppBar.tsx";
 import { useBehavior } from "../useBehavior.ts";
+import { useValueBehavior } from "../useValueBehavior.ts";
 import { constant } from "../state/Behavior.ts";
 import { Toast } from "../Toast.tsx";
 import overlayStyles from "../Overlay.module.css";
-import { useTrackProcessorObservable$ } from "../livekit/TrackProcessorContext.tsx";
+import { useTrackProcessorState$ } from "../livekit/TrackProcessorContext.tsx";
 import { type Layout } from "../state/layout-types.ts";
 import { ObservableScope } from "../state/ObservableScope.ts";
 import { CallFooter, type FooterSnapshot } from "../components/CallFooter.tsx";
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ export const ActiveCall: FC<ActiveCallProps> = (props) => {
   const urlParams = useUrlParams();
   const hostBridge = useHostBridge();
   const mediaDevices = useMediaDevices();
-  const trackProcessorState$ = useTrackProcessorObservable$();
+  const trackProcessorState$ = useTrackProcessorState$();
   // The element we have to draw the call in: the page, or the container a host
   // gave us. Its size, not the window's, decides how the call is laid out.
   const rootElement = useRootElement();
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ export const ActiveCall: FC<ActiveCallProps> = (props) => {
       },
       reactionsReader.raisedHands$,
       reactionsReader.reactions$,
-      scope.behavior(trackProcessorState$),
+      trackProcessorState$,
     );
     // TODO move this somewhere else once we use the callViewModel in the lobby as well!
     vm.join();
@@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ export const InCallView: FC<InCallViewProps> = ({
 
   useWakeLock();
   // TODO-MULTI-SFU This is unused now??
-  // const connectionState = useObservableEagerState(vm.livekitConnectionState$);
+  // const connectionState = useBehavior(vm.livekitConnectionState$);
 
   // annoyingly we don't get the disconnection reason this way,
   // only by listening for the emitted event
@@ -374,10 +373,7 @@ export const InCallView: FC<InCallViewProps> = ({
       edgeToEdge,
     ],
   );
-  const gridBoundsObservable$ = useObservable(
-    (inputs$) => inputs$.pipe(map(([gridBounds]) => gridBounds)),
-    [gridBounds],
-  );
+  const gridBounds$ = useValueBehavior(gridBounds);
 
   useAppBarHidden(!showHeader);
   useAppBarSubtitle(
@@ -538,7 +534,7 @@ export const InCallView: FC<InCallViewProps> = ({
   );
 
   const layouts = useMemo(() => {
-    const inputs = { minBounds$: gridBoundsObservable$ };
+    const inputs = { minBounds$: gridBounds$ };
     return {
       grid: makeGridLayout(inputs),
       "spotlight-landscape": makeSpotlightLandscapeLayout(inputs),
@@ -547,7 +543,7 @@ export const InCallView: FC<InCallViewProps> = ({
       "one-on-one-desktop": makeOneOnOneDesktopLayout(inputs),
       "one-on-one-mobile": makeOneOnOneMobileLayout(inputs),
     };
-  }, [gridBoundsObservable$]);
+  }, [gridBounds$]);
 
   const showFooter = useBehavior(footerVm.showFooter$);
   const renderContent = (): JSX.Element => {

src/room/LobbyView.test.tsx

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { render } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import userEvent from "@testing-library/user-event";
+import { of } from "rxjs";
 import { LeaveToHomeProvider } from "../LeaveToHomeContext";
 import { TooltipProvider } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
 import { type MatrixClient } from "matrix-js-sdk";
@@ -18,7 +20,13 @@ import {
 
 import { LobbyView } from "./LobbyView";
 import { E2eeType } from "../e2ee/e2eeType";
-import { mockMediaDevices, mockMuteStates } from "../utils/test";
+import {
+  mockMediaDevices,
+  mockMuteStates,
+  restoreAudioCapture,
+  stubAudioCapture,
+} from "../utils/test";
+import { type MediaDevices } from "../state/MediaDevices";
 import { MediaDevicesContext } from "../MediaDevicesContext";
 import { type ProcessorState } from "../livekit/TrackProcessorContext";
 import { type EncryptionSystem } from "../e2ee/sharedKeyManagement";
@@ -77,9 +85,10 @@ function renderLobbyView(
   props: Partial<Parameters<typeof LobbyView>[0]> = {},
   withAppBar = false,
   platform = "android",
+  devices: Partial<MediaDevices> = {},
 ): ReturnType<typeof render> {
   platformMock.mockReturnValue(platform);
-  const mediaDevices = mockMediaDevices({});
+  const mediaDevices = mockMediaDevices(devices);
   const muteStates = mockMuteStates();
   const hideHeader = withAppBar ? true : false;
   const lobbyView = (
@@ -178,3 +187,30 @@ describe("LobbyView", () => {
     expect(await axe(container)).toHaveNoViolations();
   });
 });
+
+describe("LobbyView microphone level", () => {
+  afterEach(restoreAudioCapture);
+
+  it("shows the microphone level meter", async () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+    capture.grant();
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    const { getByRole } = renderLobbyView({}, false, "desktop", {
+      requestDeviceNames: (): void => {},
+      audioInput: {
+        available$: of(
+          new Map([["mic1", { type: "name", name: "Microphone 1" }]]),
+        ),
+        selected$: of({ id: "mic1" }),
+        select: (): void => {},
+      },
+    } as unknown as Partial<MediaDevices>);
+
+    // Pre-join reaches the meter through the same chevron as a call.
+    await user.click(getByRole("button", { name: "Microphone" }));
+
+    expect(
+      await screen.findByRole("meter", { name: "Microphone level" }),
+    ).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});

src/room/LobbyView.tsx

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import {
   type LocalVideoTrack,
   Track,
 } from "livekit-client";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 
 import inCallStyles from "./InCallView.module.css";
 import styles from "./LobbyView.module.css";
@@ -125,9 +124,7 @@ export const LobbyView: FC<Props> = ({
   );
 
   const devices = useMediaDevices();
-  const videoInputId = useObservableEagerState(
-    devices.videoInput.selected$,
-  )?.id;
+  const videoInputId = useBehavior(devices.videoInput.selected$)?.id;
 
   // Capture the audio options as they were when we first mounted, because
   // we're not doing anything with the audio anyway so we don't need to

src/settings/DeviceSelection.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
+import userEvent from "@testing-library/user-event";
+import { Form } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { DeviceSelection } from "./DeviceSelection";
+import { constant } from "../state/Behavior";
+import {
+  type AudioOutputDeviceLabel,
+  type DeviceLabel,
+  type MediaDevice,
+  type SelectedDevice,
+} from "../state/MediaDevices";
+
+type Device = MediaDevice<DeviceLabel | AudioOutputDeviceLabel, SelectedDevice>;
+
+function mockDevice(
+  available: [string, DeviceLabel][],
+  selectedId: string | undefined,
+): Device & { select: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> } {
+  return {
+    available$: constant(new Map(available)),
+    selected$: constant(
+      selectedId === undefined ? undefined : { id: selectedId },
+    ),
+    select: vi.fn(),
+  } as unknown as Device & { select: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> };
+}
+
+const twoDevices: [string, DeviceLabel][] = [
+  ["a", { type: "name", name: "Mic A" }],
+  ["b", { type: "number", number: 2 }],
+];
+
+describe("DeviceSelection", () => {
+  it("marks the selected device and selects another on click", async () => {
+    const device = mockDevice(twoDevices, "a");
+    render(
+      <Form.Root>
+        <DeviceSelection
+          device={device}
+          title="Microphone"
+          numberedLabel={(n) => `Microphone ${n}`}
+        />
+      </Form.Root>,
+    );
+
+    const first = screen.getByRole<HTMLInputElement>("radio", {
+      name: "Mic A",
+    });
+    const second = screen.getByRole<HTMLInputElement>("radio", {
+      name: "Microphone 2",
+    });
+    expect(first.checked).toBe(true);
+    expect(second.checked).toBe(false);
+
+    await userEvent.click(second);
+    expect(device.select).toHaveBeenCalledWith("b");
+  });
+
+  it("shows nothing when there is no choice to make", () => {
+    const device = mockDevice([twoDevices[0]], "a");
+    render(
+      <Form.Root>
+        <DeviceSelection
+          device={device}
+          title="Microphone"
+          numberedLabel={(n) => `Microphone ${n}`}
+        />
+      </Form.Root>,
+    );
+    expect(screen.queryByRole("radio")).toBeNull();
+    expect(screen.queryByText("Microphone")).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

src/settings/DeviceSelection.tsx

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import {
   Separator,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
 import { Trans, useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 
 import {
   type AudioOutputDeviceLabel,
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   type MediaDevice,
 } from "../state/MediaDevices";
 import styles from "./DeviceSelection.module.css";
+import { useBehavior } from "../useBehavior";
 
 interface Props {
   device: MediaDevice<DeviceLabel | AudioOutputDeviceLabel, SelectedDevice>;
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ export const DeviceSelection: FC<Props> = ({
 }) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const groupId = useId();
-  const available = useObservableEagerState(device.available$);
-  const selectedId = useObservableEagerState(device.selected$)?.id;
+  const available = useBehavior(device.available$);
+  const selectedId = useBehavior(device.selected$)?.id;
   const onChange = useCallback(
     (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
       device.select(e.target.value);

src/sound/LICENCE.md

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ The following sound effects have been licensed from Pixabay, under https://pixab
 - `reactions/generic`
 - `reactions/lightbulb`
 - `reactions/party`
+- `reactions/bell`
 
 ### Other
 

src/state/AudioOutput.test.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import * as ComponentsCore from "@livekit/components-core";
 
 import { ObservableScope } from "./ObservableScope";
 import { AudioOutput } from "./MediaDevices";
+import { audioOutput as audioOutputSetting } from "../settings/settings";
 import { withTestScheduler } from "../utils/test";
 
 const BT_SPEAKER = {
@@ -93,6 +94,8 @@ describe("AudioOutput Tests", () => {
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     testScope = new ObservableScope();
+    // Device preferences persist in localStorage across tests
+    audioOutputSetting.setValue(undefined);
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -150,7 +153,9 @@ describe("AudioOutput Tests", () => {
 
       expectObservable(audioOutput.selected$).toBe("abcde", {
         a: undefined,
-        b: { id: LAPTOP_SPEAKER.deviceId, virtualEarpiece: false },
+        // No "default" pseudo-device (Firefox): the virtual browser default is
+        // selected until the user picks something.
+        b: { id: "", virtualEarpiece: false },
         c: { id: MONITOR_SPEAKER.deviceId, virtualEarpiece: false },
         d: { id: LAPTOP_SPEAKER.deviceId, virtualEarpiece: false },
         e: { id: MONITOR_SPEAKER.deviceId, virtualEarpiece: false },
@@ -158,6 +163,61 @@ describe("AudioOutput Tests", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("falls back to the browser default when the selected device disappears", () => {
+    withTestScheduler(({ behavior, cold, schedule, expectObservable }) => {
+      vi.mocked(ComponentsCore.createMediaDeviceObserver).mockReturnValue(
+        cold("a---b", {
+          a: DEVICE_LIST_B,
+          // The monitor is unplugged (or a Bluetooth sink changes profile)
+          b: [LAPTOP_SPEAKER],
+        }),
+      );
+
+      const audioOutput = new AudioOutput(
+        behavior("a", { a: true }),
+        testScope,
+      );
+
+      schedule("--a", {
+        a: () => audioOutput.select(MONITOR_SPEAKER.deviceId),
+      });
+
+      expectObservable(audioOutput.selected$).toBe("a-b-c", {
+        a: { id: "", virtualEarpiece: false },
+        b: { id: MONITOR_SPEAKER.deviceId, virtualEarpiece: false },
+        // Rather than pinning some other physical device, let the browser route
+        c: { id: "", virtualEarpiece: false },
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("lists the virtual browser default first when there is no default pseudo-device", () => {
+    withTestScheduler(({ behavior, cold, expectObservable }) => {
+      vi.mocked(ComponentsCore.createMediaDeviceObserver).mockReturnValue(
+        cold("a", { a: DEVICE_LIST_B }),
+      );
+
+      const audioOutput = new AudioOutput(
+        behavior("a", { a: true }),
+        testScope,
+      );
+
+      expectObservable(audioOutput.available$).toBe("a", {
+        a: new Map([
+          ["", { type: "default", name: null }],
+          [
+            LAPTOP_SPEAKER.deviceId,
+            { type: "name", name: LAPTOP_SPEAKER.label },
+          ],
+          [
+            MONITOR_SPEAKER.deviceId,
+            { type: "name", name: MONITOR_SPEAKER.label },
+          ],
+        ]),
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
   it("Test mappings", () => {
     // In a real life setup there would be first a blanked list
     // then the real one.

src/state/CallViewModel/CallViewModel.ts

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import {
 import { type Room as MatrixRoom } from "matrix-js-sdk";
 import {
   BehaviorSubject,
-  catchError,
   combineLatest,
   distinctUntilChanged,
   filter,
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ import {
   throttleTime,
   timer,
   takeUntil,
+  from,
 } from "rxjs";
 import { type Logger, logger as rootLogger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ import {
   TransportState,
 } from "./localMember/LocalMember.ts";
 import {
-  createLocalTransport$,
+  getLocalTransport,
   type LocalTransport,
 } from "./localMember/LocalTransport.ts";
 import {
@@ -563,20 +563,26 @@ export function createCallViewModel$(
   const ownMembershipIdentity: CallMembershipIdentityParts = {
     userId,
     deviceId,
-    // This will only be consumed by the sticky membership manager. So it has no impact on legacy calls.
-    memberId: uuidv4(),
+    // Consumed by the sticky membership manager as `member.id`, *and* stamped
+    // into every to-device key event by the key transport. A pre-sticky
+    // membership advertises `${userId}:${deviceId}` as its `membershipID`
+    // instead, so a uuid there names a member no peer can resolve.
+    memberId:
+      matrixRTCMode === MatrixRTCMode.Matrix_2_0
+        ? uuidv4()
+        : `${userId}:${deviceId}`,
   };
 
-  const localTransport =
-    options.localTransport ??
-    createLocalTransport$({
-      scope: scope,
-      memberships$: memberships$,
-      ownMembershipIdentity,
-      client,
-      roomId: matrixRoom.roomId,
-      matrixRTCMode,
-    });
+  const localTransport$ = options.localTransport
+    ? constant(options.localTransport)
+    : from(
+        getLocalTransport({
+          ownMembershipIdentity,
+          client,
+          roomId: matrixRoom.roomId,
+          matrixRTCMode,
+        }),
+      );
 
   const connectionFactory =
     options.connectionFactory ??
@@ -593,17 +599,7 @@ export function createCallViewModel$(
   const connectionManager = createConnectionManager$({
     scope: scope,
     connectionFactory: connectionFactory,
-    localTransport$: scope.behavior(
-      localTransport.active$.pipe(
-        catchError((e: unknown) => {
-          logger.info(
-            "could not pass local transport to createConnectionManager$. localTransport$ threw an error",
-            e,
-          );
-          return of(null);
-        }),
-      ),
-    ),
+    localTransport$,
     remoteTransports$: membershipsAndTransports.transports$,
     logger: logger,
     ownMembershipIdentity,
@@ -659,7 +655,7 @@ export function createCallViewModel$(
     connectionManager,
     client,
     matrixRTCSession,
-    localTransport,
+    localTransport$,
     roomId: matrixRoom.roomId,
     hideScreensharing,
     hostBridge,

src/state/CallViewModel/CallViewModelTestUtils.ts

@@ -210,11 +210,8 @@ export function withCallViewModel(mode: MatrixRTCMode) {
         connectionState$,
         windowSize$,
         localTransport: {
-          active$: constant({
-            transport: exampleTransport,
-            sfuConfig: exampleSfuConfig,
-          }),
-          advertised$: constant(exampleTransport),
+          transport: exampleTransport,
+          sfuConfig: exampleSfuConfig,
         },
         connectionFactory: {
           createConnection(

src/state/CallViewModel/localMember/LocalMember.test.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import {
   beforeEach,
   afterEach,
 } from "vitest";
-import { BehaviorSubject, map, of } from "rxjs";
+import { BehaviorSubject, map, of, Subject } from "rxjs";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { type LocalParticipant, type LocalTrack } from "livekit-client";
 import fetchMock from "fetch-mock";
@@ -50,10 +50,7 @@ import {
   TrackState,
   watchScreenShareToggle,
 } from "./LocalMember";
-import {
-  FailToGetOpenIdToken,
-  MatrixRTCTransportMissingError,
-} from "../../../utils/errors";
+import { MatrixRTCTransportMissingError } from "../../../utils/errors";
 import { Epoch, ObservableScope } from "../../ObservableScope";
 import { constant } from "../../Behavior";
 import { ConnectionManagerData } from "../remoteMembers/ConnectionManager";
@@ -61,10 +58,7 @@ import { ConnectionState, type Connection } from "../remoteMembers/Connection";
 import { type Publisher } from "./Publisher";
 import { initializeWidget } from "../../../widget";
 import { nullHostBridge } from "../../../HostBridge";
-import {
-  type LocalTransport,
-  type LocalTransportWithSFUConfig,
-} from "./LocalTransport";
+import { type LocalTransport } from "./LocalTransport";
 import * as openIDSFU from "../../../livekit/openIDSFU";
 
 initializeWidget();
@@ -261,7 +255,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
   });
 
   it("throws error on missing RTC config error", () => {
-    withTestScheduler(({ scope, hot, behavior, expectObservable }) => {
+    withTestScheduler(({ scope, hot, expectObservable }) => {
       const localTransport$ = scope.behavior<null | LivekitTransportConfig>(
         hot("1ms #", {}, new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("domain.com")),
         null,
@@ -277,16 +271,15 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         ),
       };
 
-      const aLocalTransport: LocalTransport = {
-        advertised$: localTransport$,
-        active$: behavior("a", { a: null }),
-      };
-
       const localMembership = createLocalMembership$({
         scope,
         ...defaultCreateLocalMemberValues,
         connectionManager: mockConnectionManager,
-        localTransport: aLocalTransport,
+        localTransport$: hot(
+          "1ms #",
+          {},
+          new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("domain.com"),
+        ),
       });
 
       expectObservable(localMembership.localMemberState$).toBe("ne", {
@@ -296,61 +289,9 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
     });
   });
 
-  it("Should not publish to active transport if advertised has errors", () => {
-    withTestScheduler(({ scope, hot, behavior, expectObservable }) => {
-      const advertised$ = scope.behavior<null | LivekitTransportConfig>(
-        hot("--#", {}, new FailToGetOpenIdToken(new Error("foo"))),
-        null,
-      );
-
-      // Populate a connection for active
-      const connectionManagerData = new ConnectionManagerData();
-      connectionManagerData.add(connectionTransportBConnected, []);
-      const mockConnectionManager = {
-        transports$: constant(new Epoch([bTransport])),
-        connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
-      };
-
-      const aLocalTransport: LocalTransport = {
-        advertised$,
-        active$: behavior("a", { n: null, a: bTransportWithSFUConfig }),
-      };
-
-      defaultCreateLocalMemberValues.createPublisherFactory.mockImplementation(
-        () => {
-          return {} as unknown as Publisher;
-        },
-      );
-      const publisherFactory =
-        defaultCreateLocalMemberValues.createPublisherFactory as ReturnType<
-          typeof vi.fn
-        >;
-
-      const localMembership = createLocalMembership$({
-        scope,
-        ...defaultCreateLocalMemberValues,
-        connectionManager: mockConnectionManager,
-        localTransport: aLocalTransport,
-      });
-
-      expectObservable(localMembership.localMemberState$).toBe("n-e", {
-        n: TransportState.Waiting,
-        e: expect.toSatisfy((e) => e instanceof FailToGetOpenIdToken),
-      });
-
-      // Should not have created any publisher
-      expect(publisherFactory).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
-    });
-  });
-
   it("logs if callIntent cannot be updated", async () => {
     const scope = new ObservableScope();
 
-    const aLocalTransport: LocalTransport = {
-      advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-      active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-    };
-
     const mockConnectionManager = {
       transports$: constant(new Epoch([])),
       connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(new ConnectionManagerData())),
@@ -366,7 +307,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         leaveRoomSession: vi.fn(),
       },
       connectionManager: mockConnectionManager,
-      localTransport: aLocalTransport,
+      localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
     });
     const expextedLog =
       "'not connected yet' while updating the call intent (this is expected on startup)";
@@ -378,33 +319,19 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
     scope.end();
   });
 
-  const aTransport = {
+  const mockTransportConfig = {
     livekit_service_url: "a",
   } as LivekitTransportConfig;
 
-  const aTransportWithSFUConfig = {
-    transport: aTransport,
+  const mockTransport = {
+    transport: mockTransportConfig,
     sfuConfig: {
       jwt: "foo",
       livekitAlias: "bar",
       livekitIdentity: "baz",
       url: "bro",
     },
-  } as LocalTransportWithSFUConfig;
-
-  const bTransport = {
-    livekit_service_url: "b",
-  } as LivekitTransportConfig;
-
-  const bTransportWithSFUConfig = {
-    transport: bTransport,
-    sfuConfig: {
-      jwt: "foo2",
-      livekitAlias: "bar2",
-      livekitIdentity: "baz2",
-      url: "bro2",
-    },
-  } as LocalTransportWithSFUConfig;
+  } as LocalTransport;
 
   const connectionTransportAConnected = {
     livekitRoom: mockLivekitRoom({
@@ -414,18 +341,13 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
       } as unknown as LocalParticipant,
     }),
     state$: constant(ConnectionState.LivekitConnected),
-    transport: aTransport,
-  } as unknown as Connection;
+    transport: mockTransportConfig,
+  } as Connection;
   const connectionTransportAConnecting = {
     ...connectionTransportAConnected,
     state$: constant(ConnectionState.LivekitConnecting),
     livekitRoom: mockLivekitRoom({}),
   } as unknown as Connection;
-  const connectionTransportBConnected = {
-    state$: constant(ConnectionState.LivekitConnected),
-    transport: bTransport,
-    livekitRoom: mockLivekitRoom({}),
-  } as unknown as Connection;
 
   const authCallSpy = vi
     .spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID")
@@ -459,10 +381,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
           ),
         },
         joinMatrixRTC,
-        localTransport: {
-          advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-          active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-        },
+        localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
         delayId$,
       });
 
@@ -471,7 +390,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
       await flushPromises();
       // Joins with timings appropriate for the level of delegation support
       expect(joinMatrixRTC).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        aTransport,
+        mockTransportConfig,
         delayedLeaveTimings,
       );
 
@@ -505,75 +424,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
     },
   );
 
-  it("recreates publisher if new connection is used, always unpublish and end tracks", async () => {
-    const scope = new ObservableScope();
-
-    const activeTransport$ = new BehaviorSubject(aTransportWithSFUConfig);
-    const aLocalTransport: LocalTransport = {
-      advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-      active$: activeTransport$,
-    };
-
-    const publishers: Publisher[] = [];
-    let seed = 0;
-    defaultCreateLocalMemberValues.createPublisherFactory.mockImplementation(
-      () => {
-        const a = seed;
-        seed += 1;
-        logger.info(`creating [${a}]`);
-        const p = {
-          // It is enought to check if destroy is called. Destroy itself is tested in the publisher to make sure it does
-          // all the cleanup we need.
-          destroy: vi.fn(),
-          stopPublishing: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
-            logger.info(`stopPublishing [${a}]`);
-          }),
-          stopTracks: vi.fn(),
-        };
-        publishers.push(p as unknown as Publisher);
-        return p;
-      },
-    );
-    const publisherFactory =
-      defaultCreateLocalMemberValues.createPublisherFactory as ReturnType<
-        typeof vi.fn
-      >;
-
-    const connectionManagerData = new ConnectionManagerData();
-    connectionManagerData.add(connectionTransportAConnected, []);
-    connectionManagerData.add(connectionTransportBConnected, []);
-    createLocalMembership$({
-      scope,
-      ...defaultCreateLocalMemberValues,
-      connectionManager: {
-        connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
-      },
-      localTransport: aLocalTransport,
-    });
-    await flushPromises();
-    activeTransport$.next({
-      ...aTransportWithSFUConfig,
-      transport: bTransport,
-    });
-    await flushPromises();
-
-    expect(publisherFactory).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-    expect(publishers.length).toBe(2);
-    // stop the first Publisher and let the second one life.
-    expect(publishers[0].destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(publishers[1].destroy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(publisherFactory.mock.calls[0][0].transport).toBe(aTransport);
-    expect(publisherFactory.mock.calls[1][0].transport).toBe(bTransport);
-    scope.end();
-    await flushPromises();
-    // stop all tracks after ending scopes
-    expect(publishers[1].destroy).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    // expect(publishers[1].stopTracks).toHaveBeenCalled();
-
-    defaultCreateLocalMemberValues.createPublisherFactory.mockReset();
-  });
-
-  it("only start tracks if requested", async () => {
+  it("only starts tracks if requested", async () => {
     const scope = new ObservableScope();
 
     const publishers: Publisher[] = [];
@@ -602,11 +453,6 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         typeof vi.fn
       >;
 
-    const aLocalTransport: LocalTransport = {
-      advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-      active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-    };
-
     const connectionManagerData = new ConnectionManagerData();
     connectionManagerData.add(connectionTransportAConnected, []);
     // connectionManagerData.add(connectionTransportB, []);
@@ -616,7 +462,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
       connectionManager: {
         connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
       },
-      localTransport: aLocalTransport,
+      localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
     });
     await flushPromises();
     expect(publisherFactory).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
@@ -637,16 +483,8 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
   //
   it("tracks livekit state correctly", async () => {
     const scope = new ObservableScope();
-
     const connectionManagerData = new ConnectionManagerData();
-
-    const activeTransport$ =
-      new BehaviorSubject<null | LocalTransportWithSFUConfig>(null);
-
-    const aLocalTransport: LocalTransport = {
-      advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-      active$: activeTransport$,
-    };
+    const localTransport$ = new Subject<LocalTransport>();
 
     const connectionManagerData$ = new BehaviorSubject(
       new Epoch(connectionManagerData),
@@ -687,14 +525,14 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
       connectionManager: {
         connectionManagerData$,
       },
-      localTransport: aLocalTransport,
+      localTransport$,
     });
 
     await flushPromises();
     expect(localMembership.localMemberState$.value).toStrictEqual(
       TransportState.Waiting,
     );
-    activeTransport$.next(aTransportWithSFUConfig);
+    localTransport$.next(mockTransport);
     await flushPromises();
     expect(localMembership.localMemberState$.value).toStrictEqual({
       matrix: RTCMemberStatus.Connected,
@@ -719,7 +557,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
     });
 
     (
-      connectionManagerData2.getConnectionForTransport(aTransport)!
+      connectionManagerData2.getConnectionForTransport(mockTransportConfig)!
         .state$ as BehaviorSubject<ConnectionState>
     ).next(ConnectionState.LivekitConnected);
     expect(localMembership.localMemberState$.value).toStrictEqual({
@@ -822,10 +660,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         connectionManager: {
           connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
         },
-        localTransport: {
-          advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-          active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-        },
+        localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
       });
 
       await flushPromises();
@@ -862,10 +697,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         connectionManager: {
           connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
         },
-        localTransport: {
-          advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-          active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-        },
+        localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
       });
 
       await flushPromises();
@@ -913,10 +745,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         connectionManager: {
           connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
         },
-        localTransport: {
-          advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-          active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-        },
+        localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
       });
 
       await flushPromises();
@@ -957,10 +786,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         connectionManager: {
           connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
         },
-        localTransport: {
-          advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-          active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-        },
+        localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
       });
 
       await flushPromises();
@@ -1026,10 +852,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
         connectionManager: {
           connectionManagerData$: constant(new Epoch(connectionManagerData)),
         },
-        localTransport: {
-          advertised$: constant(aTransport),
-          active$: constant(aTransportWithSFUConfig),
-        },
+        localTransport$: constant(mockTransport),
       });
       return { scope, localMembership };
     };
@@ -1039,7 +862,7 @@ describe("LocalMembership", () => {
       const setScreenShareEnabled = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(error);
       const connection = {
         state$: constant(ConnectionState.LivekitConnected),
-        transport: aTransport,
+        transport: mockTransportConfig,
         livekitRoom: mockLivekitRoom({
           localParticipant: mockLocalParticipant({
             isScreenShareEnabled: false,

src/state/CallViewModel/localMember/LocalMember.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ import {
   startWith,
   switchMap,
   tap,
+  NEVER,
+  concat,
+  race,
+  Subject,
 } from "rxjs";
 import { type Logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { deepCompare } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/utils";
@@ -77,8 +81,6 @@ import {
 } from "../remoteMembers/Connection.ts";
 import { type HomeserverConnected } from "./HomeserverConnected.ts";
 import { type LocalTransport } from "./LocalTransport.ts";
-import { areLivekitTransportsEqual } from "../remoteMembers/MatrixLivekitMembers.ts";
-import { or$ } from "../../../utils/observable.ts";
 import { getSFUConfigWithOpenID } from "../../../livekit/openIDSFU.ts";
 
 export enum TransportState {
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ interface Props {
   homeserverConnected: HomeserverConnected;
   roomId: string;
   ownMembershipIdentity: CallMembershipIdentityParts;
-  localTransport: LocalTransport;
+  localTransport$: Observable<LocalTransport>;
   client: Pick<MatrixClient, "getDeviceId" | "getOpenIdToken">;
   matrixRTCSession: Pick<
     MatrixRTCSession,
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ interface Props {
 export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
   scope,
   connectionManager,
-  localTransport,
+  localTransport$: localTransportWithErrors$,
   homeserverConnected,
   createPublisherFactory,
   joinMatrixRTC,
@@ -252,20 +254,24 @@ export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
   const logger = parentLogger.getChild("[LocalMembership]");
   logger.debug(`Creating local membership..`);
 
-  // We consider error on the transport as fatal.
-  // Whether it is the active transport or the preferred transport.
-  const handleTransportError = (e: unknown): Observable<null> => {
-    let error: ElementCallError;
-    if (e instanceof ElementCallError) {
-      error = e;
-    } else {
-      error = new UnknownCallError(
-        e instanceof Error ? e : new Error("Unknown error from localTransport"),
-      );
-    }
-    setTransportError(error);
-    return of(null);
-  };
+  // Unwrap the local transport and set the state of the LocalMembership to error in case the transport is an error.
+  const fatalTransportError$ = new Subject<ElementCallError>();
+  const localTransport$ = localTransportWithErrors$.pipe(
+    catchError((e: unknown) => {
+      let error: ElementCallError;
+      if (e instanceof ElementCallError) {
+        error = e;
+      } else {
+        error = new UnknownCallError(
+          e instanceof Error
+            ? e
+            : new Error("Unknown error from localTransport"),
+        );
+      }
+      fatalTransportError$.next(error);
+      return NEVER; // Make this Observable swallow the error
+    }),
+  );
 
   async function checkDelegationSupport(
     endpointUrl: string,
@@ -303,58 +309,40 @@ export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
 
   // The transport that we will advertise in our membership, paired with info as
   // to whether delayed event delegation is supported
-  const joinParams$ = localTransport.advertised$.pipe(
-    catchError(handleTransportError),
-    distinctUntilChanged(areLivekitTransportsEqual),
-    switchMap((transport) => {
-      if (transport === null) return of(null);
-      const transportSupportsDelegation = checkDelegationSupport(
-        transport.livekit_service_url + "/delegate_delayed_leave",
-        `transport ${transport.livekit_service_url}`,
-      );
-      return or$(
-        from(homeserverSupportsDelegation),
-        from(transportSupportsDelegation),
-      ).pipe(
-        map((delegationSupported) => ({ transport, delegationSupported })),
-        startWith(null),
-      );
-    }),
-  );
-
-  // Unwrap the local transport and set the state of the LocalMembership to error in case the transport is an error.
-  const activeTransport$ = scope.behavior(
-    combineLatest([localTransport.active$, localTransport.advertised$]).pipe(
-      map(([active, advertised]) => {
-        // Our policy is to not publish to another transport if our prefered transport is miss-configured
-        if (advertised == null) return null;
-
-        return active?.transport ?? null;
+  const joinParams$ = scope.behavior(
+    localTransport$.pipe(
+      switchMap(async ({ transport }) => {
+        const transportSupportsDelegation = checkDelegationSupport(
+          transport.livekit_service_url + "/delegate_delayed_leave",
+          `transport ${transport.livekit_service_url}`,
+        );
+        return {
+          transport,
+          delegationSupported:
+            (await homeserverSupportsDelegation) ||
+            (await transportSupportsDelegation),
+        };
       }),
-      catchError(handleTransportError),
-      distinctUntilChanged(areLivekitTransportsEqual),
     ),
+    null,
   );
 
   // Drop Epoch data here since we will not combine this anymore
   const localConnection$ = scope.behavior(
     combineLatest([
       connectionManager.connectionManagerData$,
-      activeTransport$,
+      localTransport$,
     ]).pipe(
-      map(([{ value: connectionData }, localTransport]) => {
-        if (localTransport === null) {
-          return null;
-        }
-
-        return connectionData.getConnectionForTransport(localTransport);
-      }),
+      map(([{ value: connectionData }, { transport }]) =>
+        connectionData.getConnectionForTransport(transport),
+      ),
       tap((connection) => {
         logger.info(
           `Local connection updated: ${connection?.transport?.livekit_service_url}`,
         );
       }),
     ),
+    null,
   );
 
   // Tracks error that happen when creating the local tracks.
@@ -490,18 +478,6 @@ export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
     }
   };
 
-  const fatalTransportError$ = new BehaviorSubject<ElementCallError | null>(
-    null,
-  );
-
-  const setTransportError = (e: ElementCallError): void => {
-    if (fatalTransportError$.value !== null) {
-      logger.error("Multiple Transport Errors:", e);
-    } else {
-      fatalTransportError$.next(e);
-    }
-  };
-
   const localConnectionState$ = localConnection$.pipe(
     switchMap((connection) => (connection ? connection.state$ : of(null))),
   );
@@ -509,38 +485,29 @@ export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
   const mediaState$: Behavior<LocalMemberMediaState> = scope.behavior(
     combineLatest([
       localConnectionState$,
-      activeTransport$,
       joinAndPublishRequested$,
       from(trackStartRequested.promise).pipe(
         map(() => true),
         startWith(false),
       ),
     ]).pipe(
-      map(
-        ([
-          localConnectionState,
-          localTransport,
-          shouldPublish,
-          shouldStartTracks,
-        ]) => {
-          if (!localTransport) return null;
-          const trackState: TrackState = shouldStartTracks
-            ? TrackState.Ready
-            : TrackState.WaitingForUser;
+      map(([localConnectionState, shouldPublish, shouldStartTracks]) => {
+        const trackState: TrackState = shouldStartTracks
+          ? TrackState.Ready
+          : TrackState.WaitingForUser;
 
-          if (
-            localConnectionState !== ConnectionState.LivekitConnected ||
-            trackState !== TrackState.Ready
-          )
-            return {
-              connection: localConnectionState,
-              tracks: trackState,
-            };
-          if (!shouldPublish) return PublishState.WaitingForUser;
-          // if (!publishing) return PublishState.Starting;
-          return PublishState.Publishing;
-        },
-      ),
+        if (
+          localConnectionState !== ConnectionState.LivekitConnected ||
+          trackState !== TrackState.Ready
+        )
+          return {
+            connection: localConnectionState,
+            tracks: trackState,
+          };
+        if (!shouldPublish) return PublishState.WaitingForUser;
+        // if (!publishing) return PublishState.Starting;
+        return PublishState.Publishing;
+      }),
       distinctUntilChanged(deepCompare),
     ),
   );
@@ -554,30 +521,36 @@ export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
   };
 
   const localMemberState$ = scope.behavior<LocalMemberState>(
-    combineLatest([
-      mediaState$,
-      homeserverConnected.rtsSession$,
-      fatalMatrixError$,
-      fatalTransportError$,
-      publishError$,
-    ]).pipe(
-      map(
-        ([
-          mediaState,
-          rtcSessionStatus,
-          fatalMatrixError,
-          fatalTransportError,
-          publishError,
-        ]) => {
-          if (fatalTransportError !== null) return fatalTransportError;
-          // `mediaState` will be 'null' until the transport/connection appears.
-          if (mediaState && rtcSessionStatus)
-            return {
-              matrix: fatalMatrixError ?? rtcSessionStatus,
-              media: publishError ?? mediaState,
-            };
-          return TransportState.Waiting;
-        },
+    concat(
+      // Waiting until…
+      of(TransportState.Waiting),
+      race(
+        // either there is a fatal transport error
+        fatalTransportError$,
+        // or the transport is available.
+        localTransport$.pipe(
+          switchMap(() =>
+            // Once available, track session/media state.
+            combineLatest([
+              mediaState$,
+              homeserverConnected.rtsSession$,
+              fatalMatrixError$,
+              publishError$,
+            ]).pipe(
+              map(
+                ([
+                  mediaState,
+                  rtcSessionStatus,
+                  fatalMatrixError,
+                  publishError,
+                ]) => ({
+                  matrix: fatalMatrixError ?? rtcSessionStatus,
+                  media: publishError ?? mediaState,
+                }),
+              ),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
       ),
     ),
   );
@@ -685,7 +658,7 @@ export const createLocalMembership$ = ({
       });
   });
 
-  // Keep matrix rtc session in sync with advertisedTransport$, connectRequested$
+  // Join and leave the session as needed
   scope.reconcile(
     scope.behavior(combineLatest([joinParams$, joinAndPublishRequested$])),
     async ([joinParams, shouldConnect]) => {

src/state/CallViewModel/localMember/LocalTransport.test.ts

@@ -14,19 +14,10 @@ import {
   type MockedObject,
   vi,
 } from "vitest";
-import { type CallMembership } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
-import { lastValueFrom } from "rxjs";
 import fetchMock from "fetch-mock";
 
-import {
-  mockConfig,
-  flushPromises,
-  ownMemberMock,
-  testScope,
-} from "../../../utils/test";
-import { createLocalTransport$ } from "./LocalTransport";
-import { constant } from "../../Behavior";
-import { Epoch, ObservableScope } from "../../ObservableScope";
+import { mockConfig, ownMemberMock } from "../../../utils/test";
+import { getLocalTransport } from "./LocalTransport";
 import {
   MatrixRTCTransportMissingError,
   FailToGetOpenIdToken,
@@ -47,118 +38,79 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
   beforeEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
 
   it("throws if config is missing", async () => {
-    const { advertised$, active$ } = createLocalTransport$({
-      scope: testScope(),
-      roomId: "!room:example.org",
-      memberships$: constant(new Epoch<CallMembership[]>([])),
-      client: {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-        _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
-        getDomain: () => "example.org",
-        // These won't be called in this error path but satisfy the type
-        getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
-        getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
-      },
-      ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
-      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
-    });
-    await flushPromises();
-
-    expect(() => advertised$.value).toThrow(
-      new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("example.org"),
-    );
-    expect(() => active$.value).toThrow(
-      new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("example.org"),
-    );
+    await expect(
+      getLocalTransport({
+        roomId: "!room:example.org",
+        client: {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+          _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
+          getDomain: () => "example.org",
+          // These won't be called in this error path but satisfy the type
+          getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
+          getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
+        },
+        ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+        matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("example.org"));
   });
 
   it("throws FailToGetOpenIdToken when OpenID fetch fails", async () => {
     // Provide a valid config so makeTransportInternal resolves a transport
-    const scope = new ObservableScope();
     mockConfig({
       livekit: { livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org" },
     });
-    const resolver = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
-    vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockImplementation(
-      async () => {
-        await resolver.promise;
-        throw new FailToGetOpenIdToken(new Error("no openid"));
-      },
+    vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockRejectedValue(
+      new FailToGetOpenIdToken(new Error("no openid")),
     );
-    const observations: unknown[] = [];
-    const errors: Error[] = [];
-    const { advertised$, active$ } = createLocalTransport$({
-      scope,
-      roomId: "!example_room_id",
-      memberships$: constant(new Epoch<CallMembership[]>([])),
-      client: {
-        getDomain: () => "example.org",
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-        _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
-        getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
-        getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
-      },
-      ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
-      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
-    });
-    active$.subscribe(
-      (o) => observations.push(o),
-      (e) => errors.push(e),
-    );
-    resolver.resolve();
-    await flushPromises();
 
-    const expectedError = new FailToGetOpenIdToken(new Error("no openid"));
-    expect(observations).toStrictEqual([null]);
-    expect(errors).toStrictEqual([expectedError]);
-    expect(() => advertised$.value).toThrow(expectedError);
-    expect(() => active$.value).toThrow(expectedError);
+    await expect(
+      getLocalTransport({
+        roomId: "!example_room_id",
+        client: {
+          getDomain: () => "example.org",
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+          _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
+          getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
+          getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
+        },
+        ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+        matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
+      }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(new FailToGetOpenIdToken(new Error("no openid")));
   });
 
-  it("emits preferred transport after OpenID resolves", async () => {
+  it("returns preferred transport", async () => {
     // Use config so transport discovery succeeds, but delay OpenID JWT fetch
     mockConfig({
       livekit: { livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org" },
     });
 
-    const openIdResolver = Promise.withResolvers<openIDSFU.SFUConfig>();
-
-    vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockReturnValue(
-      openIdResolver.promise,
-    );
-
-    const { advertised$, active$ } = createLocalTransport$({
-      scope: testScope(),
-      roomId: "!room:example.org",
-      memberships$: constant(new Epoch<CallMembership[]>([])),
-      client: {
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-        _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
-        getDomain: () => "example.org",
-        getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
-        getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
-      },
-      ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
-      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
-    });
-
-    openIdResolver.resolve?.({
+    vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockResolvedValue({
       url: "https://lk.example.org",
       jwt: "jwt",
       livekitAlias: "Akph4alDMhen",
       livekitIdentity: ownMemberMock.userId + ":" + ownMemberMock.deviceId,
     });
-    expect(advertised$.value).toBe(null);
-    expect(active$.value).toBe(null);
-    await flushPromises();
-    // final
-    const expectedTransport = {
-      livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
-      type: "livekit",
-    };
-    expect(advertised$.value).toStrictEqual(expectedTransport);
-    expect(active$.value).toStrictEqual({
-      transport: expectedTransport,
+
+    expect(
+      await getLocalTransport({
+        roomId: "!room:example.org",
+        client: {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+          _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
+          getDomain: () => "example.org",
+          getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
+          getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
+        },
+        ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+        matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
+      }),
+    ).toStrictEqual({
+      transport: {
+        livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
+        type: "livekit",
+      },
       sfuConfig: {
         jwt: "jwt",
         livekitAlias: "Akph4alDMhen",
@@ -168,22 +120,19 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
     });
   });
 
-  type LocalTransportProps = Parameters<typeof createLocalTransport$>[0];
+  type LocalTransportProps = Parameters<typeof getLocalTransport>[0];
 
   describe("transport configuration mechanisms", () => {
     let localTransportOpts: LocalTransportProps & {
       client: MockedObject<LocalTransportProps["client"]>;
     };
-    let openIdResolver: PromiseWithResolvers<openIDSFU.SFUConfig>;
     beforeEach(() => {
       mockConfig({});
       customLivekitUrl.setValue(customLivekitUrl.defaultValue);
       localTransportOpts = {
         ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
-        scope: testScope(),
         roomId: "!example_room_id",
         matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
-        memberships$: constant(new Epoch<CallMembership[]>([])),
         client: {
           getDomain: vi.fn().mockReturnValue("example.org"),
           // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
@@ -192,10 +141,6 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
           getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
         },
       };
-      openIdResolver = Promise.withResolvers<openIDSFU.SFUConfig>();
-      vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockReturnValue(
-        openIdResolver.promise,
-      );
     });
 
     afterEach(() => {
@@ -206,19 +151,15 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
       mockConfig({
         livekit: { livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org" },
       });
-      const { advertised$, active$ } =
-        createLocalTransport$(localTransportOpts);
-      openIdResolver.resolve?.(openIdResponse);
-      expect(advertised$.value).toBe(null);
-      expect(active$.value).toBe(null);
-      await flushPromises();
-      const expectedTransport = {
-        livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
-        type: "livekit",
-      };
-      expect(advertised$.value).toStrictEqual(expectedTransport);
-      expect(active$.value).toStrictEqual({
-        transport: expectedTransport,
+      vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockResolvedValue(
+        openIdResponse,
+      );
+
+      expect(await getLocalTransport(localTransportOpts)).toStrictEqual({
+        transport: {
+          livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
+          type: "livekit",
+        },
         sfuConfig: {
           jwt: "e30=.eyJzdWIiOiJAbWU6ZXhhbXBsZS5vcmc6QUJDREVGIiwidmlkZW8iOnsicm9vbSI6IiFleGFtcGxlX3Jvb21faWQifX0=.e30=",
           livekitAlias: "Akph4alDMhen",
@@ -230,12 +171,11 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
 
     it("supports getting transport via user settings", async () => {
       customLivekitUrl.setValue("https://lk.example.org");
-      const { advertised$, active$ } =
-        createLocalTransport$(localTransportOpts);
-      openIdResolver.resolve?.(openIdResponse);
-      expect(advertised$.value).toBe(null);
-      await flushPromises();
-      expect(active$.value).toStrictEqual({
+      vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockResolvedValue(
+        openIdResponse,
+      );
+
+      expect(await getLocalTransport(localTransportOpts)).toStrictEqual({
         transport: {
           livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
           type: "livekit",
@@ -253,19 +193,15 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
       localTransportOpts.client._unstable_getRTCTransports.mockResolvedValue([
         { type: "livekit", livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org" },
       ]);
-      const { advertised$, active$ } =
-        createLocalTransport$(localTransportOpts);
-      openIdResolver.resolve?.(openIdResponse);
-      expect(advertised$.value).toBe(null);
-      expect(active$.value).toBe(null);
-      await flushPromises();
-      const expectedTransport = {
-        livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
-        type: "livekit",
-      };
-      expect(advertised$.value).toStrictEqual(expectedTransport);
-      expect(active$.value).toStrictEqual({
-        transport: expectedTransport,
+      vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockResolvedValue(
+        openIdResponse,
+      );
+
+      expect(await getLocalTransport(localTransportOpts)).toStrictEqual({
+        transport: {
+          livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
+          type: "livekit",
+        },
         sfuConfig: {
           jwt: "e30=.eyJzdWIiOiJAbWU6ZXhhbXBsZS5vcmc6QUJDREVGIiwidmlkZW8iOnsicm9vbSI6IiFleGFtcGxlX3Jvb21faWQifX0=.e30=",
           livekitAlias: "Akph4alDMhen",
@@ -279,38 +215,31 @@ describe("LocalTransport", () => {
       localTransportOpts.client._unstable_getRTCTransports.mockResolvedValue([
         { type: "livekit", livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org" },
       ]);
-      openIdResolver.reject(
+      vi.spyOn(openIDSFU, "getSFUConfigWithOpenID").mockRejectedValue(
         new FailToGetOpenIdToken(new Error("Test driven error")),
       );
-      await expect(async () =>
-        lastValueFrom(createLocalTransport$(localTransportOpts).active$),
-      ).rejects.toThrow(expect.any(FailToGetOpenIdToken));
+
+      await expect(getLocalTransport(localTransportOpts)).rejects.toThrow(
+        expect.any(FailToGetOpenIdToken),
+      );
     });
 
     it("throws if no options are available", async () => {
-      const { advertised$, active$ } = createLocalTransport$({
-        scope: testScope(),
-        ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
-        roomId: "!example_room_id",
-        matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
-        memberships$: constant(new Epoch<CallMembership[]>([])),
-        client: {
-          getDomain: () => "example.org",
-          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
-          _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
-          // These won't be called in this error path but satisfy the type
-          getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
-          getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
-        },
-      });
-      await flushPromises();
-
-      expect(() => advertised$.value).toThrow(
-        new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("example.org"),
-      );
-      expect(() => active$.value).toThrow(
-        new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("example.org"),
-      );
+      await expect(
+        getLocalTransport({
+          ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+          roomId: "!example_room_id",
+          matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
+          client: {
+            getDomain: () => "example.org",
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention
+            _unstable_getRTCTransports: async () => Promise.resolve([]),
+            // These won't be called in this error path but satisfy the type
+            getOpenIdToken: vi.fn(),
+            getDeviceId: vi.fn(),
+          },
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError("example.org"));
     });
   });
 });

src/state/CallViewModel/localMember/LocalTransport.ts

@@ -5,17 +5,11 @@ SPDX-License-IdFentifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import {
-  type CallMembership,
-  type LivekitTransportConfig,
-} from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
+import { type LivekitTransportConfig } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import { type MatrixClient } from "matrix-js-sdk";
-import { distinctUntilChanged, from, map, of, switchMap } from "rxjs";
 import { logger as rootLogger, type Logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { type CallMembershipIdentityParts } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc/EncryptionManager";
 
-import { type Behavior } from "../../Behavior.ts";
-import { type Epoch, type ObservableScope } from "../../ObservableScope.ts";
 import { Config } from "../../../config/Config.ts";
 import {
   FailToGetOpenIdToken,
@@ -27,19 +21,12 @@ import {
   type SFUConfig,
   type OpenIDClientParts,
 } from "../../../livekit/openIDSFU.ts";
-import { areLivekitTransportsEqual } from "../remoteMembers/MatrixLivekitMembers.ts";
 import { customLivekitUrl } from "../../../settings/settings.ts";
 import { RtcTransportAutoDiscovery } from "./RtcTransportAutoDiscovery.ts";
 import { type MatrixRTCMode } from "../../../config/ConfigOptions.ts";
 
-/*
- * It figures out “which LiveKit focus URL/alias the local user should use,”
- * and ensures the SFU path is primed before advertising that choice.
- */
 interface Props {
-  scope: ObservableScope;
   ownMembershipIdentity: CallMembershipIdentityParts;
-  memberships$: Behavior<Epoch<CallMembership[]>>;
   client: Pick<MatrixClient, "getDomain" | "_unstable_getRTCTransports"> &
     OpenIDClientParts;
   // Used by the jwt service to create the livekit room and compute the livekit alias.
@@ -68,114 +55,65 @@ interface Props {
 //
 // 2.
 // We need to make sure we do not sent livekit_alias in sticky events and that we drop all code for sending state events!
-export interface LocalTransportWithSFUConfig {
+export interface LocalTransport {
   transport: LivekitTransportConfig;
   sfuConfig: SFUConfig;
 }
 
-export function isLocalTransportWithSFUConfig(
-  obj: LivekitTransportConfig | LocalTransportWithSFUConfig,
-): obj is LocalTransportWithSFUConfig {
+export function isLocalTransport(
+  obj: LivekitTransportConfig | LocalTransport,
+): obj is LocalTransport {
   return "transport" in obj && "sfuConfig" in obj;
 }
 
-export interface LocalTransport {
-  /**
-   * The transport to be advertised in our MatrixRTC membership. `null` when not
-   * yet fetched/validated.
-   */
-  advertised$: Behavior<LivekitTransportConfig | null>;
-  /**
-   * The transport to connect to and publish media on. `null` when not yet known
-   * or available.
-   */
-  active$: Behavior<LocalTransportWithSFUConfig | null>;
-}
-
 /**
- * Connects to the JWT service and determines the transports that the local member should use.
+ * Connects to the JWT service and determines the transport that the local member should use.
  *
  * @prop useOldJwtEndpoint Whether to set forceOldJwtEndpoint on the returned transport and to use the old JWT endpoint.
  * This is used when the connection manager needs to know if it has to use the legacy endpoint which implies a string concatenated rtcBackendIdentity.
  * (which is expected for non sticky event based rtc member events)
- * @returns The transport to advertise in the local MatrixRTC membership, along with the transport to actively publish media to.
+ * @returns The transport to advertise in our MatrixRTC membership and publish media on.
  * @throws MatrixRTCTransportMissingError | FailToGetOpenIdToken
  */
-export const createLocalTransport$ = ({
-  scope,
-  memberships$,
+export async function getLocalTransport({
   ownMembershipIdentity,
   client,
   roomId,
   matrixRTCMode,
-}: Props): LocalTransport => {
+}: Props): Promise<LocalTransport> {
   const logger = rootLogger.getChild("[LocalTransport]");
-
-  const transportDiscovery = new RtcTransportAutoDiscovery({
+  const discovery = new RtcTransportAutoDiscovery({
     client: client,
     resolvedConfig: Config.get(),
     logger: logger,
   });
+  const customUrl = customLivekitUrl.value$.value;
 
-  // Get the preferred transport from the current deployment.
-  const discoveredTransport$ = from(
-    transportDiscovery.discoverPreferredTransport(),
-  );
+  // Respect the user's custom URL, if set
+  const transport: LivekitTransportConfig | null = customUrl
+    ? { type: "livekit", livekit_service_url: customUrl }
+    : await discovery.discoverPreferredTransport();
 
-  const preferredConfig$ = customLivekitUrl.value$.pipe(
-    switchMap((customUrl) => {
-      if (customUrl) {
-        return of({
-          type: "livekit",
-          livekit_service_url: customUrl,
-        } as LivekitTransportConfig);
-      } else {
-        return discoveredTransport$;
-      }
-    }),
-    map((config) => {
-      if (!config) {
-        // Bubbled up from the preferredConfig$ observable.
-        throw new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError(client.getDomain() ?? "");
-      }
-      return config;
-    }),
-    distinctUntilChanged(areLivekitTransportsEqual),
-  );
+  if (transport === null)
+    throw new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError(client.getDomain() ?? "");
 
-  const preferredTransport$ = preferredConfig$.pipe(
-    switchMap(async (transport) => {
-      try {
-        return await doOpenIdAndJWTFromUrl(
-          transport,
-          matrixRTCMode,
-          ownMembershipIdentity,
-          roomId,
-          client,
-          logger,
-        );
-      } catch (e) {
-        logger.error(
-          `Failed to authenticate to transport ${transport.livekit_service_url}`,
-          e,
-        );
-        throw mapAuthErrorToUserFriendlyError(e);
-      }
-    }),
-  );
-
-  // Always publish on and advertise the preferred transport.
-  return {
-    advertised$: scope.behavior(
-      preferredTransport$.pipe(
-        map((t) => t.transport),
-        distinctUntilChanged(areLivekitTransportsEqual),
-      ),
-      null,
-    ),
-    active$: scope.behavior(preferredTransport$, null),
-  };
-};
+  try {
+    return await doOpenIdAndJWTFromUrl(
+      transport,
+      matrixRTCMode,
+      ownMembershipIdentity,
+      roomId,
+      client,
+      logger,
+    );
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.error(
+      `Failed to authenticate to transport ${transport.livekit_service_url}`,
+      e,
+    );
+    throw mapAuthErrorToUserFriendlyError(e);
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  *  Utility to ensure the user can authenticate with the SFU.
@@ -199,7 +137,7 @@ async function doOpenIdAndJWTFromUrl(
   roomId: string,
   client: Pick<MatrixClient, "_unstable_getRTCTransports"> & OpenIDClientParts,
   logger?: Logger,
-): Promise<LocalTransportWithSFUConfig> {
+): Promise<LocalTransport> {
   const sfuConfig = await getSFUConfigWithOpenID(
     client,
     membership,

src/state/CallViewModel/remoteMembers/ConnectionManager.test.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
-import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
+import { BehaviorSubject, NEVER } from "rxjs";
 import { type LivekitTransportConfig } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import { type RemoteParticipant } from "livekit-client";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import { type ConnectionFactory } from "./ConnectionFactory.ts";
 import { type Connection } from "./Connection.ts";
 import { ownMemberMock, withTestScheduler } from "../../../utils/test.ts";
 import { areLivekitTransportsEqual } from "./MatrixLivekitMembers.ts";
-import { constant, type Behavior } from "../../Behavior.ts";
+import { type Behavior } from "../../Behavior.ts";
 
 // Some test constants
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ describe("connections$ stream", () => {
       const { connectionManagerData$ } = createConnectionManager$({
         scope: testScope,
         connectionFactory: fakeConnectionFactory,
-        localTransport$: constant(null),
+        localTransport$: NEVER,
         remoteTransports$: behavior("a", {
           a: new Epoch([TRANSPORT_1, TRANSPORT_2], 0),
         }),
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ describe("connections$ stream", () => {
       const { connectionManagerData$ } = createConnectionManager$({
         scope: testScope,
         connectionFactory: fakeConnectionFactory,
-        localTransport$: constant(null),
+        localTransport$: NEVER,
         remoteTransports$: behavior("abcdef", {
           a: new Epoch([TRANSPORT_1], 0),
           b: new Epoch([TRANSPORT_1], 1),
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ describe("connections$ stream", () => {
       const { connectionManagerData$ } = createConnectionManager$({
         scope: testScope,
         connectionFactory: fakeConnectionFactory,
-        localTransport$: constant(null),
+        localTransport$: NEVER,
         remoteTransports$: behavior("abc", {
           a: new Epoch([TRANSPORT_1], 0),
           b: new Epoch([TRANSPORT_1, TRANSPORT_2], 1),
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ describe("connectionManagerData$ stream", () => {
       const { connectionManagerData$ } = createConnectionManager$({
         scope: testScope,
         connectionFactory: fakeConnectionFactory,
-        localTransport$: constant(null),
+        localTransport$: NEVER,
         remoteTransports$: behavior("a", {
           a: new Epoch([TRANSPORT_1, TRANSPORT_2], 0),
         }),

src/state/CallViewModel/remoteMembers/ConnectionManager.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,16 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { type LivekitTransportConfig } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
-import { combineLatest, map, of, switchMap } from "rxjs";
+import {
+  combineLatest,
+  map,
+  type Observable,
+  of,
+  switchMap,
+  startWith,
+  catchError,
+  NEVER,
+} from "rxjs";
 import { type Logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { type RemoteParticipant } from "livekit-client";
 import { type CallMembershipIdentityParts } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc/EncryptionManager";
@@ -19,8 +28,8 @@ import { generateItemsWithEpoch } from "../../../utils/observable.ts";
 import { areLivekitTransportsEqual } from "./MatrixLivekitMembers.ts";
 import { type ConnectionFactory } from "./ConnectionFactory.ts";
 import {
-  isLocalTransportWithSFUConfig,
-  type LocalTransportWithSFUConfig,
+  isLocalTransport,
+  type LocalTransport,
 } from "../localMember/LocalTransport.ts";
 import { type SFUConfig } from "../../../livekit/openIDSFU.ts";
 
@@ -78,7 +87,7 @@ export class ConnectionManagerData {
 interface Props {
   scope: ObservableScope;
   connectionFactory: ConnectionFactory;
-  localTransport$: Behavior<LocalTransportWithSFUConfig | null>;
+  localTransport$: Observable<LocalTransport>;
   remoteTransports$: Behavior<Epoch<LivekitTransportConfig[]>>;
 
   logger: Logger;
@@ -121,6 +130,14 @@ export function createConnectionManager$({
   const logger = parentLogger.getChild("[ConnectionManager]");
   // TODO logger: only construct one logger from the client and make it compatible via a EC specific sing
 
+  const localTransportAsArray$ = localTransport$.pipe(
+    // LocalMember already surfaces local transport errors properly in the UI,
+    // here we can just swallow them
+    catchError(() => NEVER),
+    map((transport) => [transport]),
+    startWith([]),
+  );
+
   /**
    * All transports currently managed by the ConnectionManager.
    *
@@ -130,16 +147,12 @@ export function createConnectionManager$({
    * externally this is modified via `registerTransports()`.
    */
   const localAndRemoteTransports$: Behavior<
-    Epoch<(LivekitTransportConfig | LocalTransportWithSFUConfig)[]>
+    Epoch<(LivekitTransportConfig | LocalTransport)[]>
   > = scope.behavior(
-    combineLatest([remoteTransports$, localTransport$]).pipe(
+    combineLatest([localTransportAsArray$, remoteTransports$]).pipe(
       // Combine local and remote transports into one transport array
       // and set the forceOldJwtEndpoint property on the local transport
-      map(([remoteTransports, localTransport]) => {
-        let localTransportAsArray: LocalTransportWithSFUConfig[] = [];
-        if (localTransport) {
-          localTransportAsArray = [localTransport];
-        }
+      map(([localTransportAsArray, remoteTransports]) => {
         const dedupedRemote = removeDuplicateTransports(remoteTransports.value);
         const remoteWithoutLocal = dedupedRemote.filter(
           (transport) =>
@@ -170,8 +183,9 @@ export function createConnectionManager$({
         "ConnectionManager connections$",
         function* (transports) {
           for (const transport of transports) {
-            if (isLocalTransportWithSFUConfig(transport)) {
-              // This is the local transport; only the `LocalTransportWithSFUConfig` has a `sfuConfig` field.
+            if (isLocalTransport(transport)) {
+              // This is the local transport; only the `LocalTransport`
+              // interface has a `sfuConfig` field.
               yield {
                 keys: [
                   transport.transport.livekit_service_url,

src/state/CallViewModel/remoteMembers/integration.test.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
 import { test, vi, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
-import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
+import { BehaviorSubject, NEVER } from "rxjs";
 import { type Room as LivekitRoom } from "livekit-client";
 import EventEmitter from "events";
 import fetchMock from "fetch-mock";
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import {
 } from "./MatrixLivekitMembers.ts";
 import { createConnectionManager$ } from "./ConnectionManager.ts";
 import { membershipsAndTransports$ } from "../../SessionBehaviors.ts";
-import { constant } from "../../Behavior.ts";
 import { localRtcMember, testJWTToken } from "../../../utils/test-fixtures.ts";
 
 // Test the integration of ConnectionManager and MatrixLivekitMerger
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ test("bob, carl, then bob joining no tracks yet", () => {
     const connectionManager = createConnectionManager$({
       scope: testScope,
       connectionFactory: ecConnectionFactory,
-      localTransport$: constant(null),
+      localTransport$: NEVER,
       remoteTransports$: membershipsAndTransports.transports$,
       logger: logger,
       ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,

src/state/MediaDevices.test.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */
 
-import { describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
-import { of } from "rxjs";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
 
 const getPlatform = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn(() => "desktop"));
 vi.mock("../Platform", () => ({
@@ -15,9 +14,22 @@ vi.mock("../Platform", () => ({
   },
   isFirefox: (): boolean => false,
 }));
-vi.mock("@livekit/components-core", () => ({
-  createMediaDeviceObserver: () => of([]),
-}));
+const observers = vi.hoisted(
+  () => new Map<string, { next: (devices: unknown[]) => void }>(),
+);
+vi.mock("@livekit/components-core", async () => {
+  const { BehaviorSubject: Subject } = await import("rxjs");
+  return {
+    createMediaDeviceObserver: (kind: string) => {
+      let observer = observers.get(kind);
+      if (observer === undefined) {
+        observer = new Subject<unknown[]>([]);
+        observers.set(kind, observer);
+      }
+      return observer;
+    },
+  };
+});
 
 import { AudioOutput, MediaDevices } from "./MediaDevices";
 import { AndroidControlledAudioOutput } from "./AndroidControlledAudioOutput";
@@ -57,3 +69,125 @@ describe("MediaDevices audio output", () => {
     expect(devices.audioOutput).toBeInstanceOf(IOSControlledAudioOutput);
   });
 });
+
+function device(deviceId: string, label: string, groupId = deviceId): object {
+  return { deviceId, label, groupId, kind: "audioinput" };
+}
+
+/** Replaces the devices of one kind, as the browser reports them. */
+function setDevices(kind: string, devices: object[]): void {
+  const observer = observers.get(kind);
+  if (observer === undefined) throw new Error(`nothing observing ${kind}`);
+  observer.next(devices);
+}
+
+function newMediaDevices(): MediaDevices {
+  return new MediaDevices(new ObservableScope(), {
+    controlledAudioDevices: false,
+  });
+}
+
+describe("MediaDevices selection", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    localStorage.clear();
+    for (const kind of observers.keys()) setDevices(kind, []);
+  });
+
+  test("persists the selected device across sessions", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    setDevices("audioinput", [
+      device("mic1", "Microphone 1"),
+      device("mic2", "Microphone 2"),
+    ]);
+
+    devices.audioInput.select("mic2");
+
+    // A later call reads the same stored preference.
+    expect(newMediaDevices().audioInput.selected$.value?.id).toBe("mic2");
+  });
+
+  test("updates the available devices when hardware changes", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    setDevices("audioinput", [device("mic1", "Microphone 1")]);
+    expect([...devices.audioInput.available$.value.keys()]).toEqual(["mic1"]);
+
+    setDevices("audioinput", [
+      device("mic1", "Microphone 1"),
+      device("mic2", "Headset"),
+    ]);
+    expect([...devices.audioInput.available$.value.keys()]).toEqual([
+      "mic1",
+      "mic2",
+    ]);
+
+    setDevices("audioinput", [device("mic1", "Microphone 1")]);
+    expect([...devices.audioInput.available$.value.keys()]).toEqual(["mic1"]);
+  });
+
+  test("falls back to the default device when the selected device disappears", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    setDevices("audioinput", [
+      device("mic1", "Microphone 1"),
+      device("mic2", "Headset"),
+    ]);
+    devices.audioInput.select("mic2");
+    expect(devices.audioInput.selected$.value?.id).toBe("mic2");
+
+    setDevices("audioinput", [device("mic1", "Microphone 1")]);
+
+    expect(devices.audioInput.selected$.value?.id).toBe("mic1");
+  });
+
+  test("falls back when the remembered device is absent", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    setDevices("audioinput", [device("mic1", "Microphone 1")]);
+    devices.audioInput.select("a-device-from-last-time");
+
+    expect(devices.audioInput.selected$.value?.id).toBe("mic1");
+  });
+
+  test("falls back to numbered labels when labels are unavailable", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    // Names are withheld until permission is granted.
+    setDevices("audioinput", [device("mic1", ""), device("mic2", "")]);
+
+    expect([...devices.audioInput.available$.value.values()]).toEqual([
+      { type: "number", number: 1 },
+      { type: "number", number: 2 },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  test("lists Default as a distinct entry", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    setDevices("audiooutput", [device("spk1", "Speakers")]);
+
+    const available = devices.audioOutput.available$.value;
+    // Default is its own entry, unnamed: which device it resolves to isn't knowable.
+    expect(available.get("spk1")).toEqual({ type: "name", name: "Speakers" });
+    expect(available.get("")).toEqual({ type: "default", name: null });
+  });
+
+  test("selecting one device kind leaves the others unchanged", () => {
+    const devices = newMediaDevices();
+    setDevices("audioinput", [
+      device("mic1", "Microphone 1"),
+      device("mic2", "Headset"),
+    ]);
+    setDevices("audiooutput", [
+      device("spk1", "Speakers"),
+      device("spk2", "Headset"),
+    ]);
+    setDevices("videoinput", [device("cam1", "Camera 1")]);
+
+    devices.audioOutput.select("spk2");
+    const audioInputBefore = devices.audioInput.selected$.value?.id;
+    const videoInputBefore = devices.videoInput.selected$.value?.id;
+
+    devices.audioInput.select("mic2");
+
+    expect(devices.audioOutput.selected$.value?.id).toBe("spk2");
+    expect(devices.videoInput.selected$.value?.id).toBe(videoInputBefore);
+    expect(audioInputBefore).not.toBe("mic2");
+    expect(devices.audioInput.selected$.value?.id).toBe("mic2");
+  });
+});

src/state/MediaDevices.ts

@@ -257,14 +257,21 @@ export class AudioOutput implements MediaDevice<
       map((availableRaw) => {
         let available: Map<string, AudioOutputDeviceLabel> =
           buildDeviceMap(availableRaw);
-        // Create a virtual default audio output for browsers that don't have one.
-        // Its device ID must be the empty string because that's what setSinkId
-        // recognizes.
+        // Create a virtual default audio output for browsers that don't have one
+        // (Firefox, Safari). Its device ID must be the empty string because
+        // that's what setSinkId recognizes. It goes first so that it is the
+        // fallback when no output has been explicitly chosen (or the chosen
+        // one disappears), rather than pinning the first physical device
+        // with setSinkId: pinned sinks are not re-routed by the browser, and
+        // Firefox leaves the audio elements silent when a pinned sink goes
+        // away (e.g. a Bluetooth headset switching profile when its
+        // microphone is opened). We can't know which physical device the
+        // browser default resolves to, so the entry carries no name.
         if (available.size && !available.has("") && !available.has("default"))
-          available.set("", {
-            type: "default",
-            name: availableRaw[0]?.label || null,
-          });
+          available = new Map<string, AudioOutputDeviceLabel>([
+            ["", { type: "default", name: null }],
+            ...available,
+          ]);
         // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
         const isSafari = !!(window as any).GestureEvent; // non standard api only found on Safari. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/GestureEvent#browser_compatibility
         if (isSafari) {

src/state/MicrophoneLevel.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import {
+  ATTACK_MS,
+  LEVEL_SCALE,
+  observeMicrophoneState$,
+  RELEASE_MS,
+  segmentsForVolume,
+  smoothVolume,
+} from "./MicrophoneLevel";
+import { restoreAudioCapture, stubAudioCapture } from "../utils/test";
+
+describe("segmentsForVolume", () => {
+  test("shows nothing for silence", () => {
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("shows nothing for the hiss of a quiet room", () => {
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(0.005)).toBe(0);
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(0.015)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test("distinguishes quiet, normal and loud speech", () => {
+    const quiet = segmentsForVolume(0.06);
+    const normal = segmentsForVolume(0.2);
+    const loud = segmentsForVolume(0.8);
+
+    expect(quiet).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(normal).toBeGreaterThan(quiet);
+    expect(loud).toBeGreaterThan(normal);
+  });
+
+  test("moves the meter visibly for normal speech", () => {
+    // Ordinary speech reaches the middle of the meter.
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(0.2)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(LEVEL_SCALE / 4);
+  });
+
+  test("never exceeds the meter", () => {
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(1)).toBe(LEVEL_SCALE);
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(4)).toBe(LEVEL_SCALE);
+  });
+
+  test("treats a missing reading as silence", () => {
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(NaN)).toBe(0);
+    expect(segmentsForVolume(-1)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("smoothVolume", () => {
+  test("rises faster than it falls", () => {
+    const rise = smoothVolume(0, 1, 50);
+    const fall = 1 - smoothVolume(1, 0, 50);
+
+    expect(rise).toBeGreaterThan(fall);
+  });
+
+  test("registers a syllable as it starts", () => {
+    // Most of the way within one attack time constant.
+    expect(smoothVolume(0, 1, ATTACK_MS)).toBeGreaterThan(0.6);
+  });
+
+  test("rides over the gaps between words", () => {
+    // A short pause doesn't collapse the meter...
+    expect(smoothVolume(1, 0, 30)).toBeGreaterThan(0.7);
+    // ...but a real silence brings it down.
+    expect(smoothVolume(1, 0, RELEASE_MS * 3)).toBeLessThan(0.1);
+  });
+
+  test("behaves the same whatever the frame rate", () => {
+    const oneStep = smoothVolume(0, 1, 32);
+    let twoSteps = smoothVolume(0, 1, 16);
+    twoSteps = smoothVolume(twoSteps, 1, 16);
+
+    expect(twoSteps).toBeCloseTo(oneStep, 5);
+  });
+
+  test("holds still when no time has passed", () => {
+    expect(smoothVolume(0.5, 1, 0)).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("observeMicrophoneState$", () => {
+  afterEach(restoreAudioCapture);
+
+  test("releases a capture the browser grants after nobody is watching", async () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+
+    const subscription = observeMicrophoneState$("mic1").subscribe();
+    // The menu closes before the browser hands the microphone over.
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    capture.grant();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(capture.track.stop).toHaveBeenCalled());
+  });
+
+  test("releases the capture and the audio context when the subscription ends", async () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+
+    const subscription = observeMicrophoneState$("mic1").subscribe();
+    capture.grant();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(capture.contexts).toHaveLength(1));
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+
+    expect(capture.track.stop).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(capture.contexts[0].close).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test("gives the microphone back when the audio graph fails to build", async () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+    // Fails only after getUserMedia has granted the device.
+    vi.stubGlobal(
+      "AudioContext",
+      class {
+        public constructor() {
+          throw new Error("no audio context for you");
+        }
+      },
+    );
+
+    const seen: string[] = [];
+    const subscription = observeMicrophoneState$("mic1").subscribe((state) =>
+      seen.push(state.type),
+    );
+    capture.grant();
+
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(seen).toContain("no-device"));
+    expect(capture.track.stop).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+  });
+
+  test("tells denied permission and a missing device apart", async () => {
+    for (const [name, expected] of [
+      ["NotAllowedError", "permission-denied"],
+      ["NotFoundError", "no-device"],
+    ] as const) {
+      const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+      capture.getUserMedia.mockRejectedValue(named(new Error(name), name));
+
+      const seen: string[] = [];
+      const subscription = observeMicrophoneState$("mic1").subscribe((state) =>
+        seen.push(state.type),
+      );
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(seen).toContain(expected));
+      subscription.unsubscribe();
+      restoreAudioCapture();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("says nothing on a frame that did not change the level", async () => {
+    const capture = stubAudioCapture();
+
+    const states: string[] = [];
+    let levels = 0;
+    const subscription = observeMicrophoneState$("mic1").subscribe((state) => {
+      states.push(state.type);
+      if (state.type === "level") state.level$.subscribe(() => levels++);
+    });
+    capture.grant();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(levels).toBe(1));
+
+    // Read every frame, but a steady signal emits once, and the state itself
+    // arrives only once.
+    capture.drawFrames(20);
+    expect(levels).toBe(1);
+    expect(states).toEqual(["level"]);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+  });
+});
+
+/** An error carrying the browser's `name`. */
+function named(error: Error, name: string): Error {
+  error.name = name;
+  return error;
+}

src/state/MicrophoneLevel.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { BehaviorSubject, Observable } from "rxjs";
+import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
+
+import { type Behavior } from "./Behavior";
+
+/** What the microphone picks up, or why it can't be read. */
+export type MicrophoneState =
+  // A Behavior, so a changing level can be drawn without re-rendering.
+  | { type: "level"; level$: Behavior<number> }
+  | { type: "permission-denied" }
+  | { type: "no-device" };
+
+/** Scale a level is reported on. Fixed rather than the bar count, so a level reads the same at any width. */
+export const LEVEL_SCALE = 24;
+
+/**
+ * The level of a microphone, captured while subscribed. Its own capture rather
+ * than the call's track, because pre-join freezes that track to the device
+ * selected at mount.
+ */
+export function observeMicrophoneState$(
+  deviceId: string | undefined,
+): Observable<MicrophoneState> {
+  return new Observable<MicrophoneState>((subscriber) => {
+    let stream: MediaStream | undefined;
+    let context: AudioContext | undefined;
+    let frame: number | undefined;
+    let level: BehaviorSubject<number> | undefined;
+
+    // Idempotent: teardown and start can both call it.
+    const release = (): void => {
+      if (frame !== undefined) cancelAnimationFrame(frame);
+      stream?.getTracks().forEach((track) => track.stop());
+      void context?.close();
+      frame = undefined;
+      stream = undefined;
+      context = undefined;
+      level?.complete();
+      level = undefined;
+    };
+
+    const start = async (): Promise<void> => {
+      stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
+        audio:
+          deviceId === undefined ? true : { deviceId: { exact: deviceId } },
+      });
+      // Unsubscribed while the permission prompt was open.
+      if (subscriber.closed) return release();
+
+      context = new AudioContext();
+      // Starts suspended outside a user gesture, which would read as silence.
+      if (context.state === "suspended") await context.resume();
+      if (subscriber.closed) return release();
+
+      const analyser = context.createAnalyser();
+      analyser.fftSize = 1024;
+      context.createMediaStreamSource(stream).connect(analyser);
+      const samples = new Uint8Array(analyser.fftSize);
+      let displayed = 0;
+      let previousFrame = performance.now();
+      const current = new BehaviorSubject(0);
+      level = current;
+      subscriber.next({ type: "level", level$: current });
+
+      const read = (): void => {
+        analyser.getByteTimeDomainData(samples);
+        // RMS: perceived loudness rather than the peak.
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (const sample of samples) {
+          const centred = (sample - 128) / 128;
+          sum += centred * centred;
+        }
+        const now = performance.now();
+        displayed = smoothVolume(
+          displayed,
+          Math.sqrt(sum / samples.length),
+          now - previousFrame,
+        );
+        previousFrame = now;
+        // Frames that don't move the quantised level say nothing.
+        const next = segmentsForVolume(displayed);
+        if (next !== current.value) current.next(next);
+        frame = requestAnimationFrame(read);
+      };
+      read();
+    };
+
+    start().catch((e: unknown) => {
+      // Building the graph can fail after the device was granted.
+      release();
+      subscriber.next(stateForFailure(e));
+    });
+
+    return release;
+  });
+}
+
+/** What a failure to open the microphone means for the person using it. */
+function stateForFailure(e: unknown): MicrophoneState {
+  const name = e instanceof Error ? e.name : "";
+  if (name === "NotAllowedError" || name === "SecurityError")
+    return { type: "permission-denied" };
+  if (name === "NotFoundError" || name === "OverconstrainedError")
+    return { type: "no-device" };
+  logger.error("Could not read the microphone level", e);
+  return { type: "no-device" };
+}
+
+/** Below this counts as silence, so a quiet room's hiss doesn't light the first bars. */
+const NOISE_FLOOR = 0.02;
+
+/** Quantises a 0..1 volume onto {@link LEVEL_SCALE}. */
+export function segmentsForVolume(volume: number): number {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(volume) || volume <= NOISE_FLOOR) return 0;
+  // Square root, so ordinary speech reaches the middle of the scale.
+  const aboveFloor = (Math.min(volume, 1) - NOISE_FLOOR) / (1 - NOISE_FLOOR);
+  return Math.min(LEVEL_SCALE, Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(aboveFloor) * LEVEL_SCALE));
+}
+
+/** Rise time constant: short, so a syllable registers as it starts. */
+export const ATTACK_MS = 50;
+
+/** Fall time constant: longer, so the gaps between words don't flicker. */
+export const RELEASE_MS = 120;
+
+/** Eases towards a reading, by elapsed time so the frame rate doesn't matter. */
+export function smoothVolume(
+  displayed: number,
+  reading: number,
+  elapsedMs: number,
+): number {
+  if (elapsedMs <= 0) return displayed;
+  const timeConstant = reading > displayed ? ATTACK_MS : RELEASE_MS;
+  const towards = 1 - Math.exp(-elapsedMs / timeConstant);
+  return displayed + (reading - displayed) * towards;
+}

src/state/SessionBehaviors.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ import {
 } from "./ObservableScope";
 import { type Behavior } from "./Behavior";
 
+/**
+ * Tracks the transports used by ourselves, plus all other MatrixRTC session
+ * members.
+ */
 export const membershipsAndTransports$ = (
   scope: ObservableScope,
   memberships$: Behavior<Epoch<CallMembership[]>>,
@@ -31,14 +35,6 @@ export const membershipsAndTransports$ = (
   >;
   transports$: Behavior<Epoch<LivekitTransportConfig[]>>;
 } => {
-  /**
-   * Lists the transports used by ourselves, plus all other MatrixRTC session
-   * members.
-   * For completeness this also lists the preferred transport and
-   * whether we are in multi-SFU mode or sticky events mode.
-   * `advertisedTransport$` reads these values together, so bundling them avoids inconsistent state or
-   * excessive updates when using RxJS.
-   */
   const membershipsWithTransport$: Behavior<
     Epoch<
       {

src/state/media/MediaViewModel.test.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import {
   mockRemoteScreenShare,
 } from "../../utils/test";
 import { constant } from "../Behavior";
+import { showConnectionStats } from "../../settings/settings";
 
 global.MediaStreamTrack = class {} as unknown as {
   new (): MediaStreamTrack;
@@ -42,6 +43,12 @@ vi.mock("../../Platform", () => ({
   },
 }));
 
+const observeRtpStreamStatsMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+vi.mock("./observeRtpStreamStats", async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal<Record<string, unknown>>()),
+  observeRtpStreamStats$: observeRtpStreamStatsMock,
+}));
+
 const rtcMembership = mockRtcMembership("@alice:example.org", "AAAA");
 
 test("control a participant's volume", () => {
@@ -289,3 +296,37 @@ test("remote media is not in waiting state when user does not intend to publish
   );
   expect(vm.waitingForMedia$.value).toBe(false);
 });
+
+test("user media polls stream stats only while the setting is on", () => {
+  const participant = mockRemoteParticipant({});
+  const vm = mockRemoteMedia(rtcMembership, {}, participant);
+  onTestFinished(() => showConnectionStats.setValue(false));
+  withTestScheduler(({ cold, expectObservable, schedule }) => {
+    const stats = { type: "inbound-rtp" } as RTCInboundRtpStreamStats;
+    observeRtpStreamStatsMock.mockImplementation(() =>
+      cold("-s", { s: stats }),
+    );
+    schedule("-a-b", {
+      a() {
+        showConnectionStats.setValue(true);
+      },
+      b() {
+        showConnectionStats.setValue(false);
+      },
+    });
+    expectObservable(vm.audioStreamStats$).toBe("u-su", {
+      u: undefined,
+      s: stats,
+    });
+  });
+  expect(observeRtpStreamStatsMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    participant,
+    Track.Source.Microphone,
+    "inbound-rtp",
+  );
+  expect(observeRtpStreamStatsMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    participant,
+    Track.Source.Camera,
+    "inbound-rtp",
+  );
+});

src/state/media/UserMediaViewModel.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
   BehaviorSubject,
   combineLatest,
   map,
-  type Observable,
   of,
   Subject,
   switchMap,
@@ -54,10 +53,10 @@ export interface BaseUserMediaViewModel extends BaseMemberMediaViewModel {
   rtcBackendIdentity: string;
   handRaised$: Behavior<Date | null>;
   reaction$: Behavior<ReactionOption | null>;
-  audioStreamStats$: Observable<
+  audioStreamStats$: Behavior<
     RTCInboundRtpStreamStats | RTCOutboundRtpStreamStats | undefined
   >;
-  videoStreamStats$: Observable<
+  videoStreamStats$: Behavior<
     RTCInboundRtpStreamStats | RTCOutboundRtpStreamStats | undefined
   >;
   /**
@@ -94,6 +93,21 @@ export function createBaseUserMedia(
   );
   const toggleCropVideo$ = new Subject<void>();
   const videoAspectRatio$ = new BehaviorSubject(NaN);
+  const streamStats$ = (
+    scope: ObservableScope,
+    source: Track.Source,
+  ): Behavior<
+    RTCInboundRtpStreamStats | RTCOutboundRtpStreamStats | undefined
+  > =>
+    scope.behavior(
+      combineLatest([participant$, showConnectionStats.value$]).pipe(
+        switchMap(([p, showConnectionStats]) =>
+          p && showConnectionStats
+            ? observeRtpStreamStats$(p, source, statsType)
+            : of(undefined),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
 
   return {
     ...createMemberMedia(scope, {
@@ -130,25 +144,8 @@ export function createBaseUserMedia(
     rtcBackendIdentity,
     handRaised$,
     reaction$,
-    audioStreamStats$: combineLatest([
-      participant$,
-      showConnectionStats.value$,
-    ]).pipe(
-      switchMap(([p, showConnectionStats]) => {
-        //
-        if (!p || !showConnectionStats) return of(undefined);
-        return observeRtpStreamStats$(p, Track.Source.Microphone, statsType);
-      }),
-    ),
-    videoStreamStats$: combineLatest([
-      participant$,
-      showConnectionStats.value$,
-    ]).pipe(
-      switchMap(([p, showConnectionStats]) => {
-        if (!p || !showConnectionStats) return of(undefined);
-        return observeRtpStreamStats$(p, Track.Source.Camera, statsType);
-      }),
-    ),
+    audioStreamStats$: streamStats$(scope, Track.Source.Microphone),
+    videoStreamStats$: streamStats$(scope, Track.Source.Camera),
     setVideoAspectRatio: (ratio) => videoAspectRatio$.next(ratio),
   };
 }

src/tile/GridTile.tsx

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import {
   Menu,
   Text,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 
 import styles from "./GridTile.module.css";
 import { Slider } from "../Slider";
@@ -133,12 +132,8 @@ const UserMediaTileInner: FC<UserMediaTileProps & { menu: ReactNode }> = ({
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const video = useBehavior(vm.video$);
   const unencryptedWarning = useBehavior(vm.unencryptedWarning$);
-  const audioStreamStats = useObservableEagerState<
-    RTCInboundRtpStreamStats | RTCOutboundRtpStreamStats | undefined
-  >(vm.audioStreamStats$);
-  const videoStreamStats = useObservableEagerState<
-    RTCInboundRtpStreamStats | RTCOutboundRtpStreamStats | undefined
-  >(vm.videoStreamStats$);
+  const audioStreamStats = useBehavior(vm.audioStreamStats$);
+  const videoStreamStats = useBehavior(vm.videoStreamStats$);
   const audioEnabled = useBehavior(vm.audioEnabled$);
   const videoEnabled = useBehavior(vm.videoEnabled$);
   const speaking = useBehavior(vm.speaking$);

src/tile/SpotlightTile.tsx

@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ import {
   VolumeOnSolidIcon,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-design-tokens/assets/web/icons";
 import { animated } from "@react-spring/web";
-import { type Observable, map } from "rxjs";
-import { useObservableRef } from "observable-hooks";
+import { BehaviorSubject, type Observable, map } from "rxjs";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import classNames from "classnames";
 import { type TrackReferenceOrPlaceholder } from "@livekit/components-core";
@@ -416,7 +415,13 @@ export const SpotlightTile: FC<Props> = ({
 }) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const rootElement = useRootElement();
-  const [ourRef, root$] = useObservableRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+  const root$ = useInitial(
+    () => new BehaviorSubject<HTMLDivElement | null>(null),
+  );
+  const ourRef = useCallback(
+    (root: HTMLDivElement | null) => root$.next(root),
+    [root$],
+  );
   const ref = useMergedRefs(ourRef, theirRef);
   const maximised = useBehavior(vm.maximised$);
   const background = useBehavior(vm.background$);

src/useAudioContext.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
-import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 
 import {
   soundEffectVolume as soundEffectVolumeSetting,
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ import { useEarpieceAudioConfig, useMediaDevices } from "./MediaDevicesContext";
 import { type PrefetchedSounds } from "./soundUtils";
 import { useUrlParams } from "./UrlParams";
 import * as controls from "./controls";
+import { useBehavior } from "./useBehavior";
 
 /**
  * Play a sound though a given AudioContext. Will take
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ export function useAudioContext<S extends string>(
     };
   }, [props.sounds, props.latencyHint]);
 
-  const audioOutputId = useObservableEagerState(
+  const audioOutputId = useBehavior(
     useMediaDevices().audioOutput.selected$,
   )?.id;
   const { controlledAudioDevices } = useUrlParams();

src/useBehavior.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { act, renderHook } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+
+import { useBehavior } from "./useBehavior";
+
+describe("useBehavior", () => {
+  test("reads the current value and follows changes", () => {
+    const value$ = new BehaviorSubject(1);
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useBehavior(value$));
+    expect(result.current).toBe(1);
+
+    act(() => value$.next(2));
+    expect(result.current).toBe(2);
+  });
+});

src/useValueBehavior.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { renderHook } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+
+import { useValueBehavior } from "./useValueBehavior";
+
+describe("useValueBehavior", () => {
+  test("holds the value from the first render", () => {
+    const { result } = renderHook(({ value }) => useValueBehavior(value), {
+      initialProps: { value: "a" },
+    });
+    expect(result.current.value).toBe("a");
+  });
+
+  test("keeps one identity and takes each new value", () => {
+    const { result, rerender } = renderHook(
+      ({ value }) => useValueBehavior(value),
+      { initialProps: { value: "a" } },
+    );
+    const value$ = result.current;
+    const seen: string[] = [];
+    value$.subscribe((value) => seen.push(value));
+
+    rerender({ value: "b" });
+    expect(result.current).toBe(value$);
+    expect(seen).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+  });
+});

src/useValueBehavior.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { BehaviorSubject } from "rxjs";
+
+import { type Behavior } from "./state/Behavior";
+import { useInitial } from "./useInitial";
+
+/**
+ * React hook which mirrors a value from the render cycle into a behavior, so
+ * that a prop or memoised value can be handed to a view model. The behavior
+ * takes each new value once the render that produced it has committed.
+ */
+export function useValueBehavior<T>(value: T): Behavior<T> {
+  const value$ = useInitial(() => new BehaviorSubject(value));
+  useEffect(() => {
+    value$.next(value);
+  }, [value$, value]);
+  return value$;
+}

src/utils/observable.test.ts

@@ -9,30 +9,9 @@ import { expect, test } from "vitest";
 import { type Observable, of, Subject, switchMap } from "rxjs";
 
 import { withTestScheduler } from "./test";
-import { or$, filterBehavior, generateItems, pauseWhen } from "./observable";
+import { filterBehavior, generateItems, pauseWhen } from "./observable";
 import { type Behavior } from "../state/Behavior";
 
-const yesNo = {
-  y: true,
-  n: false,
-};
-
-test("or$", () => {
-  withTestScheduler(({ behavior, expectObservable }) => {
-    const input1Marbles = "ny--n--";
-    const input2Marbles = "n-y--n-";
-    const input3Marbles = "n--y--n";
-    const outputMarbles = "nyyyyyn";
-    expectObservable(
-      or$(
-        behavior(input1Marbles, yesNo),
-        behavior(input2Marbles, yesNo),
-        behavior(input3Marbles, yesNo),
-      ),
-    ).toBe(outputMarbles, yesNo);
-  });
-});
-
 test("pauseWhen", () => {
   withTestScheduler(({ behavior, expectObservable }) => {
     const inputMarbles = " abcdefgh-i-jk-";

src/utils/observable.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 import {
   type Observable,
   audit,
-  combineLatest,
   concat,
   defer,
   filter,
@@ -113,14 +112,6 @@ export function getValue<T>(state$: Observable<T>): T {
   return value;
 }
 
-/**
- * Creates an Observable that has a value of true whenever some of its inputs
- * are true.
- */
-export function or$(...inputs: Observable<boolean>[]): Observable<boolean> {
-  return combineLatest(inputs, (...flags) => flags.some((flag) => flag));
-}
-
 /**
  * RxJS operator that pauses all changes in the input value whenever a Behavior
  * is true. When the Behavior returns to being false, the most recently

src/utils/test.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { map, type Observable, of, type SchedulerLike } from "rxjs";
 import { type RunHelpers, TestScheduler } from "rxjs/testing";
 import {
   expect,
+  type Mock,
   type MockedObject,
   type MockInstance,
   onTestFinished,
@@ -590,3 +591,98 @@ export class MockConnection extends Connection {
   public async start(): Promise<void> {}
   public async stop(): Promise<void> {}
 }
+
+export interface StubbedCapture {
+  getUserMedia: Mock;
+  /** Grants the microphone, as the browser does once permission is given. */
+  grant: () => void;
+  track: { stop: Mock };
+  contexts: { close: Mock }[];
+  /** Runs the pending animation frames, in order. */
+  drawFrames: (count: number) => void;
+  /** Sets the microphone's loudness from the next frame, 0 to 1. */
+  speak: (amplitude: number) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stubs the capture and Web Audio APIs, with the grant and the animation
+ * frames driven by the test. Undo with {@link restoreAudioCapture}.
+ */
+export function stubAudioCapture(): StubbedCapture {
+  const track = { stop: vi.fn() };
+  const contexts: { close: Mock }[] = [];
+  let grant = (): void => {};
+  const granted = new Promise<MediaStream>((resolve) => {
+    grant = (): void =>
+      resolve({ getTracks: () => [track] } as unknown as MediaStream);
+  });
+
+  const frames: FrameRequestCallback[] = [];
+  let amplitude = 0;
+  vi.stubGlobal("requestAnimationFrame", (callback: FrameRequestCallback) => {
+    frames.push(callback);
+    return frames.length;
+  });
+  vi.stubGlobal("cancelAnimationFrame", vi.fn());
+  vi.stubGlobal(
+    "AudioContext",
+    class {
+      public readonly state = "running";
+      public readonly close = vi.fn();
+      public constructor() {
+        contexts.push(this);
+      }
+      public createAnalyser(): object {
+        return {
+          fftSize: 1024,
+          getByteTimeDomainData: (samples: Uint8Array): void => {
+            // Silence is the midpoint of the range; a zeroed buffer reads as full scale.
+            if (amplitude <= 0) {
+              samples.fill(128);
+              return;
+            }
+            const peak = Math.round(Math.min(1, amplitude) * 127);
+            for (let i = 0; i < samples.length; i++)
+              samples[i] = 128 + (i % 2 ? peak : -peak);
+          },
+        };
+      }
+      public createMediaStreamSource(): object {
+        return { connect: (): void => {} };
+      }
+    },
+  );
+  // Only this property: replacing navigator loses getters like userAgent.
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, "mediaDevices", {
+    configurable: true,
+    value: { getUserMedia: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(granted) },
+  });
+
+  return {
+    getUserMedia: navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia as unknown as Mock,
+    grant: () => grant(),
+    track,
+    contexts,
+    drawFrames: (count): void => {
+      for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) frames.shift()?.(i);
+    },
+    speak: (next): void => {
+      amplitude = next;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+const realMediaDevices = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
+  navigator,
+  "mediaDevices",
+);
+
+/** Undoes {@link stubAudioCapture}. */
+export function restoreAudioCapture(): void {
+  vi.unstubAllGlobals();
+  if (realMediaDevices === undefined) {
+    Reflect.deleteProperty(navigator, "mediaDevices");
+  } else {
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, "mediaDevices", realMediaDevices);
+  }
+}

vite-component-dev.config.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { defineConfig, searchForWorkspaceRoot } from "vite";
 import { realpathSync } from "node:fs";
 import * as fs from "node:fs";
 
-import { vitePluginsConfig } from "./vite.config";
+import { vitePluginsConfig } from "./vite.config.ts";
 import { scopeStylesToRoot } from "./component/build/scopeStylesToRoot";
 
 // Serves the harness under `component/dev`, which embeds Element Call as a

vite-component.config.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 
 import { defineConfig } from "vite";
 
-import { vitePluginsConfig } from "./vite.config";
+import { vitePluginsConfig } from "./vite.config.ts";
 import { scopeStylesToRoot } from "./component/build/scopeStylesToRoot";
 
 // Config for Element Call as a React component, to be imported by an

vite-embedded.config.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 import { defineConfig, mergeConfig } from "vite";
 import generateFile from "vite-plugin-generate-file";
 
-import fullConfig from "./vite.config";
+import fullConfig from "./vite.config.ts";
 
 const base = "./";
 

vitest.config.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { defineConfig, mergeConfig } from "vitest/config";
 import { playwright } from "@vitest/browser-playwright";
-import { vitePluginsConfig } from "./vite.config";
+import { vitePluginsConfig } from "./vite.config.ts";
 import { storybookTest } from "@storybook/addon-vitest/vitest-plugin";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";