Merge pull request #4395 from element-hq/toger5/backport-publish-npm-component

[backport] Publish npm component
Merge pull request #4374 from element-hq/toger5/publish-component-npm
2026-11-01 00:32:28 +00:00 · 2026-10-30 19:33:36 +01:00 · 2026-10-30 17:06:24 +01:00 · 2026-10-29 16:14:31 +01:00 · 2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00 · 2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
45 changed files with 2291 additions and 749 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+name: Build & publish the component package for releases
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - synchronize
+      - opened
+      - labeled
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+
+# Each job asks for what it needs
+permissions: {}
+
+jobs:
+  versioning:
+    name: Versioning
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      DRY_RUN: ${{ steps.dry_run.outputs.DRY_RUN }}
+      PREFIXED_VERSION: ${{ steps.prefixed_version.outputs.PREFIXED_VERSION }}
+      TAG: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.TAG }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Calculate VERSION
+        # Safely store dynamic values in environment variables
+        # to prevent shell injection (template-injection)
+        run: |
+          if [ "$EVENT_NAME" = "release" ]; then
+            echo "VERSION=$RELEASE_TAG" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          else
+            echo "VERSION=v0.0.0-pre.0" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
+        env:
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}
+          EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
+      - id: dry_run
+        name: Set DRY_RUN
+        # A dry run for everything but releases, so that a broken package shows up
+        # ahead of a release
+        run: echo "DRY_RUN=${{ github.event_name != 'release' }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - id: prefixed_version
+        name: Set PREFIXED_VERSION
+        run: echo "PREFIXED_VERSION=${VERSION}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - id: tag
+        # latest = a proper release
+        # other = anything else
+        name: Set tag
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${VERSION}" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+            echo "TAG=latest" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          elif [[ "${VERSION}" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\-rc\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+            echo "TAG=rc" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "TAG=other" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+  publish_npm:
+    needs: versioning
+    name: Publish NPM
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      ARTIFACT_VERSION: ${{ steps.artifact_version.outputs.ARTIFACT_VERSION }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      id-token: write # Allow npm to authenticate as a trusted publisher
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5 # v4.3.1
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Enable Corepack
+        run: corepack enable
+      - name: Setup node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        # No dependency cache: a release build must not restore one another workflow could have poisoned
+        with:
+          node-version-file: .node-version
+          registry-url: "https://registry.npmjs.org"
+      # Layered like build-element-call.yaml, so a PR paired with a matrix-js-sdk branch
+      # builds against it; a release pins the SDK, so layered.sh leaves it as locked
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: scripts/layered.sh --ignore-pnpmfile
+        env:
+          PR_HEAD_REPO_OWNER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.owner.login }}
+      - name: Build component
+        run: pnpm build:component:production
+        env:
+          VITE_APP_VERSION: component-${{ needs.versioning.outputs.PREFIXED_VERSION }}
+          NODE_OPTIONS: "--max-old-space-size=4096"
+
+      # `devEngines` (pnpm only, which npm refuses) and the `prepare` build exist for
+      # git-dependency installs; the published package is already built
+      - name: Publish npm
+        working-directory: component
+        run: |
+          jq 'del(.devEngines, .scripts)' package.json > package.json.tmp && mv package.json.tmp package.json
+          npm version ${NEEDS_VERSIONING_OUTPUTS_PREFIXED_VERSION} --no-git-tag-version
+          echo "ARTIFACT_VERSION=$(jq '.version' --raw-output package.json)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          npm publish --provenance --access public --tag ${NEEDS_VERSIONING_OUTPUTS_TAG} ${{ needs.versioning.outputs.DRY_RUN == 'true' && '--dry-run' || '' }}
+        env:
+          NEEDS_VERSIONING_OUTPUTS_PREFIXED_VERSION: ${{ needs.versioning.outputs.PREFIXED_VERSION }}
+          NEEDS_VERSIONING_OUTPUTS_TAG: ${{ needs.versioning.outputs.TAG }}
+
+      - id: artifact_version
+        name: Output artifact version
+        run: echo "ARTIFACT_VERSION=${ARTIFACT_VERSION}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  release_notes:
+    needs: [versioning, publish_npm]
+    if: ${{ needs.versioning.outputs.DRY_RUN == 'false' }}
+    name: Update release notes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Shared with publish-embedded-packages.yaml, which appends to the same release: two
+    # appends at once would each write back the body without the other's section
+    concurrency:
+      group: release-notes-${{ github.event.release.tag_name || github.run_id }}
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # to update release notes
+    steps:
+      - name: Add release notes
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@3bb12739c298aeb8a4eeaf626c5b8d85266b0e65 # v2
+        with:
+          append_body: true
+          body: |
+
+            ## React component (experimental)
+
+            Element Call as a React component, rendered in the host's page instead of in an iframe.
+
+            ```
+            npm install @element-hq/element-call-component@${{ needs.publish_npm.outputs.ARTIFACT_VERSION }}
+            ```
@@ -283,6 +283,11 @@ jobs:
    if: always()
    name: Update release notes
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Shared with publish-component.yaml, which appends to the same release: two appends
+    # at once would each write back the body without the other's section
+    concurrency:
+      group: release-notes-${{ github.event.release.tag_name || github.run_id }}
+      cancel-in-progress: false
    permissions:
      contents: write # to update release notes
    steps:
@@ -289,8 +289,14 @@ callback; with one, it asks the host to unmount it instead. The
 [global JS controls](./docs/controls.md) on `window` are unchanged and remain
 page-wide, so with several instances on one page they apply to all of them.

-The package is not published yet. A host installs it as a git dependency on the
-`component` directory of this repository,
+Each release publishes the package to npm, with the same version as the release:
+
+```sh
+npm install @element-hq/element-call-component
+```
+
+To use an unreleased commit, a host can instead install it as a git dependency
+on the `component` directory of this repository,

 ```json
 "@element-hq/element-call-component": "github:element-hq/element-call#main&path:/component"
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
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+  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
+for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
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+the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
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+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+  11. Patents.
+
+  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
+owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
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+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
+purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
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+
+  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
+patent against the party.
+
+  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
+work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
+to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
+parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
+Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
+interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version
+supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
+Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source
+from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary
+means of facilitating copying of software.  This Corresponding Source
+shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
+of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the
+following paragraph.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
+3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions
+will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Licensees holding a valid commercial license with Element may use this
+software in accordance with the terms contained in a written agreement
+between you and Element.
+
+To purchase a commercial license please contact our sales team at
+licensing@element.io
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# @element-hq/element-call-component
+
+Element Call as a React component, rendered in the host application's page
+instead of in an iframe. Experimental.
+
+See [Element Call as a component](https://github.com/element-hq/element-call#element-call-as-a-component-experimental)
+in the Element Call README for usage.
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
  "name": "@element-hq/element-call-component",
  "version": "0.0.0",
-  "description": "Element Call as a React component. Consumed straight from the repository as a git dependency (github:element-hq/element-call#<ref>&path:/component): the host's package manager runs `prepare`, which builds `dist/`.",
-  "license": "SEE LICENSE IN ../README.md",
+  "description": "Element Call as a React component.",
+  "license": "AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial",
  "repository": {
    "type": "git",
    "url": "https://github.com/element-hq/element-call",
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
    }
  },
  "files": [
+    "LICENSE-AGPL-3.0",
+    "LICENSE-COMMERCIAL",
    "dist"
  ],
  "main": "./dist/element-call.js",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ services:
      - ./backend/playwright_homeserver-othersite.yaml:/data/cfg/homeserver.yaml:Z
  element-web:
    # Pin to a SHA so that upstream cannot break our tests. Renovate handles regular updates.
-    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:e464b2aca73e248195b24b8c6f62cd331100302284d60cc735405807fb2730be
+    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:79e47d8d5a93848403cb83042a405d8ed233a7727c499fa53b4b39a80f090be4
  element-web-1:
    # Pin to a SHA so that upstream cannot break our tests. Renovate handles regular updates.
-    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:e464b2aca73e248195b24b8c6f62cd331100302284d60cc735405807fb2730be
+    image: ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop@sha256:79e47d8d5a93848403cb83042a405d8ed233a7727c499fa53b4b39a80f090be4
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@
    },
    "mute_all_audio": "Mute all audio (participants, reactions, join sounds)",
    "show_connection_stats": "Show connection statistics",
-    "throw_error_button": "Throw test error",
    "url_params": "URL parameters"
  },
  "disconnected_banner": "Connectivity to the server has been lost.",
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@
    "insufficient_capacity_description": "The server has reached its maximum capacity and you cannot join the call at this time. Try again later, or contact your server admin if the problem persists.",
    "livekit_connection_error": "Failed to connect to Livekit server",
    "livekit_connection_error_description": "An error occurred while connecting to the Livekit server (<1>Reason:</1> <2>{{ reason }}</2>).",
-    "matrix_rtc_transport_missing": "The server is not configured to work with {{brand}}. Please contact your server admin (Domain: {{domain}}, Error Code: {{ errorCode }}).",
+    "matrix_rtc_transport_missing": "The server is not configured to work with {{brand}} and no other call participant provides a usable transport. Please contact your server admin (Domain: {{domain}}, Error Code: {{ errorCode }}).",
    "membership_manager": "Membership Manager Error",
    "membership_manager_description": "The Membership Manager had to shut down. This is caused by many consecutive failed network requests.",
    "no_matrix_2_authorization_service": "The authorization service for your media server (SFU) is out of date.",
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
    "livekit-client": "^2.18.1",
    "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
    "loglevel": "^1.9.1",
-    "matrix-js-sdk": "github:matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk#develop",
+    "matrix-js-sdk": "github:matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk#3f05dc4d104a3dfc753c5e3549a18c74fab4b076",
    "matrix-widget-api": "^1.18.0",
    "node-stdlib-browser": "^1.3.1",
    "normalize.css": "^8.0.1",
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ async function disableLeaveDelegation(page: Page): Promise<void> {
 * Expect a certain number of video tiles to be present and visible.
 */
 async function expectVideoTilesCount(page: Page, count: number): Promise<void> {
-  await expect(page.getByTestId("videoTile")).toHaveCount(2);
+  await expect(page.getByTestId("videoTile")).toHaveCount(count);

  // No one should be waiting for media
  await expect(page.getByText("Waiting for media...")).not.toBeVisible({
@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ interface Transport {
 */
 const shapes = {
  url: { type: "livekit", url: sfuUrl },
-  both: { type: "livekit", url: sfuUrl, livekit_service_url: serviceUrl },
+  "url+legacy": {
+    type: "livekit",
+    url: sfuUrl,
+    livekit_service_url: serviceUrl,
+  },
  legacy: null,
 } satisfies Record<string, Transport | null>;
 type Shape = keyof typeof shapes;
@@ -56,15 +60,15 @@ const cases: {
  {
    // Publishers keep the legacy participant identity that clients predating
    // MSC4195 expect, which only the JWT service assigns.
-    hostShape: "both",
-    guestShape: "both",
+    hostShape: "url+legacy",
+    guestShape: "url+legacy",
    hostFlows: ["service-legacy"],
    guestFlows: ["service-legacy"],
  },
  {
    // The MatrixRTC mode has no bearing on the choice.
-    hostShape: "both",
-    guestShape: "both",
+    hostShape: "url+legacy",
+    guestShape: "url+legacy",
    mode: "2_0",
    hostFlows: ["service-legacy"],
    guestFlows: ["service-legacy"],
@@ -75,6 +79,12 @@ const cases: {
    hostFlows: ["cs-api", "service-default"],
    guestFlows: ["service-legacy", "cs-api"],
  },
+  {
+    hostShape: "url",
+    guestShape: "url+legacy",
+    hostFlows: ["cs-api", "service-default"],
+    guestFlows: ["service-legacy", "cs-api"],
+  },
 ];

 for (const { hostShape, guestShape, mode, hostFlows, guestFlows } of cases) {
@@ -126,47 +136,6 @@ for (const { hostShape, guestShape, mode, hostFlows, guestFlows } of cases) {
  });
 }

-test("Subscriber falls back to the JWT service when the homeserver lacks MSC4195", async ({
-  browser,
-  page,
-  browserName,
-}) => {
-  skipOnFirefox(browserName);
-
-  // The host starts the call with both transport shapes.
-  await advertiseTransport(page, shapes.both);
-  await page.goto("/");
-  await SpaHelpers.createCall(page, "Androl", "HelloCall", true);
-  const inviteLink = await SpaHelpers.getCallInviteLink(page);
-
-  // The guest joins but their C-S requests fail.
-  const guestContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
-  const guestPage = await guestContext.newPage();
-  await rejectCsApiTokens(guestPage);
-  const guestRequests = recordAuthRequests(guestPage);
-  await SpaHelpers.joinCallFromInviteLink(guestPage, inviteLink, "Pevara");
-
-  // Wait for the call to connect and render.
-  await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(page, 2);
-  await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(guestPage, 2);
-
-  // The guest ran through all flows.
-  expect(flowsOf(guestRequests)).toEqual(
-    new Set<Flow>(["cs-api", "service-legacy", "service-default"]),
-  );
-
-  // The C-S token requests failed.
-  for (const request of guestRequests) {
-    expect(request.status).toBe(request.flow === "cs-api" ? 404 : 200);
-  }
-
-  // The C-S token requests preceeded the fallback request.
-  const flows = guestRequests.map((r) => r.flow);
-  expect(flows.indexOf("service-default")).toBeGreaterThan(
-    flows.indexOf("cs-api"),
-  );
-});
-
 test("Publisher shows an error when the homeserver lacks MSC4195", async ({
  page,
  browserName,
@@ -191,6 +160,38 @@ test("Publisher shows an error when the homeserver lacks MSC4195", async ({
  ).toBeVisible();
 });

+test("Group call with all possible transport shapes at once", async ({
+  browser,
+  page,
+  browserName,
+}) => {
+  test.slow();
+  skipOnFirefox(browserName);
+
+  // The host starts the call with a url transport.
+  await advertiseTransport(page, shapes.url);
+  await page.goto("/");
+  await SpaHelpers.createCall(page, "Alice", "HelloCall", true);
+  const inviteLink = await SpaHelpers.getCallInviteLink(page);
+
+  // The guest with a legacy transport joins.
+  const bobContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
+  const bobPage = await bobContext.newPage();
+  await advertiseTransport(bobPage, shapes.legacy);
+  await SpaHelpers.joinCallFromInviteLink(bobPage, inviteLink, "Bob");
+
+  // The guest with a url+legacy transport joins.
+  const carolContext = await browser.newContext({ reducedMotion: "reduce" });
+  const carolPage = await carolContext.newPage();
+  await advertiseTransport(carolPage, shapes["url+legacy"]);
+  await SpaHelpers.joinCallFromInviteLink(carolPage, inviteLink, "Carol");
+
+  // Wait for the call to connect and render.
+  await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(page, 3);
+  await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(bobPage, 3);
+  await SpaHelpers.expectVideoTilesCount(carolPage, 3);
+});
+
 /**
 * Delegation follows the flow that authenticated the publisher: the homeserver
 * for a `url`-only transport, the JWT service wherever there is one.
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ test("Publisher shows an error when the homeserver lacks MSC4195", async ({
 const delegationCases: { shape: Shape; via: Delegation["via"] }[] = [
  { shape: "url", via: "homeserver" },
  { shape: "legacy", via: "service" },
-  { shape: "both", via: "service" },
+  { shape: "url+legacy", via: "service" },
 ];

 for (const { shape, via } of delegationCases) {
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
-
-SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
-Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
-*/
-
-import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";
-
-import { widgetTest } from "../fixtures/widget-user.ts";
-import { TestHelpers } from "./test-helpers.ts";
-
-widgetTest.skip(
-  ({ browserName }) => browserName === "firefox",
-  "Widget specs only run on Chromium, see simple-create.spec.ts",
-);
-
-widgetTest(
-  "Switching rooms away from a crashed call dismisses it for good",
-  async ({ asWidget }) => {
-    test.slow();
-    const { brooks } = asWidget;
-    const page = brooks.page;
-    const call = page.locator('iframe[title="Element Call"]');
-    const callFrame = call.contentFrame();
-
-    // Somewhere to switch to once the call has crashed
-    await TestHelpers.createRoom("Other Room", page);
-    await TestHelpers.switchToRoomNamed(page, "Welcome Room");
-
-    await TestHelpers.startCallInCurrentRoom(page);
-    // A dev server compiles the widget on first load
-    await expect(callFrame.getByTestId("lobby_joinCall")).toBeVisible({
-      timeout: 30000,
-    });
-    await TestHelpers.joinCallFromLobby(page);
-    await expect(
-      callFrame.getByRole("button", { name: "End call" }),
-    ).toBeVisible();
-
-    // Crash the call from its developer settings
-    await callFrame.getByRole("button", { name: "Settings" }).click();
-    await callFrame.getByRole("tab", { name: "Preferences" }).click();
-    await callFrame.getByText("Developer mode", { exact: true }).check();
-    await callFrame.getByRole("tab", { name: "Developer" }).click();
-    await callFrame.getByRole("button", { name: "Throw test error" }).click();
-    await expect(callFrame.getByText("Something went wrong")).toBeVisible();
-
-    // Showing the call collapses the room list
-    await TestHelpers.expandRoomList(page);
-    await TestHelpers.switchToRoomNamed(page, "Other Room");
-    await expect(
-      page.getByRole("banner").getByRole("heading", { name: "Other Room" }),
-    ).toBeVisible();
-
-    // The crashed call is gone and stays gone: no restart, no reconnect
-    await expect(call).toHaveCount(0);
-    await page.waitForTimeout(5000);
-    await expect(call).toHaveCount(0);
-    await expect(
-      page.getByRole("banner").getByRole("heading", { name: "Other Room" }),
-    ).toBeVisible();
-  },
-);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ export class TestHelpers {
  public static async dismissStartupToasts(page: Page): Promise<void> {
    const expectedToasts = [
      { title: "Failed to load service worker", button: "OK" },
-      { title: "Back up your chats", button: "Dismiss" },
+      { title: "Back up your chats", button: "Not now" },
      { title: "Turn on key storage", button: "Dismiss" },
      { title: "Element does not support this browser", button: "Dismiss" },
    ];
@@ -178,7 +178,11 @@ export class TestHelpers {
        );

        if (toastConfig) {
-          await toast.getByRole("button", { name: toastConfig.button }).click();
+          // Bounded so that a renamed button leaves the toast in place and the
+          // next step reports it, instead of hanging until the test timeout.
+          await toast
+            .getByRole("button", { name: toastConfig.button })
+            .click({ timeout: 5000 });
        } else {
          // Unknown toast. We don't want to act on unknown toasts
          break;
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@ import { widgetTest } from "../fixtures/widget-user.ts";
 import { HOST1, TestHelpers } from "./test-helpers.ts";

 const sfuUrl = "wss://matrix-rtc.m.localhost/livekit/sfu";
-const serviceUrl = "https://matrix-rtc.m.localhost/livekit/jwt";

 /** Which endpoint a page asks for its SFU tokens. */
 type Flow = "cs-api" | "service-legacy" | "service-default";

 widgetTest(
-  "Call between a url + livekit_service_url transport and a legacy one",
+  "Call between a url transport and a legacy one",
  async ({ addUser, browserName }) => {
    test.skip(
      browserName === "firefox",
@@ -30,12 +29,10 @@ widgetTest(
      addUser("Pevara", HOST1),
    ]);

-    // The host's homeserver has started advertising a `url` next to its JWT
-    // service; the guest's still advertises the JWT service alone.
+    // Host advertises a url transport, guest still advertises a legacy one
    await advertiseTransport(host.page, {
      type: "livekit",
      url: sfuUrl,
-      livekit_service_url: serviceUrl,
    });
    // Element Web answers the widget from a cache it filled at login, so make
    // it fetch the transports again now that they are rerouted
@@ -66,13 +63,9 @@ widgetTest(
      await TestHelpers.expectVisibleVideoCount(frame, 2);
    }

-    // Element Web does not expose the MSC4195 endpoints to widgets yet, so
-    // neither side reached the CS API. The host published through the JWT
-    // service's legacy endpoint and subscribed to the guest through its
-    // default one; the guest published the same way and fell back to the
-    // default endpoint for the host's transport.
-    expect(hostFlows).toEqual(new Set(["service-legacy", "service-default"]));
-    expect(guestFlows).toEqual(new Set(["service-legacy", "service-default"]));
+    // Element Web used for Playwright does support MSC4195 for widgets.
+    expect(hostFlows).toEqual(new Set(["cs-api", "service-default"]));
+    expect(guestFlows).toEqual(new Set(["service-legacy", "cs-api"]));
  },
 );

@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ LiveKit participants.
  │  create ───▶│                                       │                         │
  │             │ GET rtc/transports (session) ────────▶│                         │
  │             │◀── first transport of the backend's type                        │
+  │             │   (none, LiveKit only: a member's SFU │                         │
+  │             │    that lets us publish, get_token) ─▶│                         │
  │             │ prepareLocalTransport (backend):      │                         │
  │             │   publisher token: CS API get_token,  │                         │
  │             │   or OpenID token then /sfu/get ─────▶│                         │
@@ -556,7 +558,10 @@ export interface MediaBackend {
 ```

 What stays on the client's side: discovery of the local transport from the
-homeserver's list (a homeserver endpoint, so not a backend's), the membership
+homeserver's list (a homeserver endpoint, so not a backend's) with, for the
+LiveKit backend only, a last resort of another member's SFU that lets us
+publish (`findRemotePublishLivekitTransport`, wired in by `RTCParticipation` rather
+than by the backend interface, since it is an MSC4195 matter), the membership
 state machine in `LocalMembership.ts` and its combination with
 `local.connectionState$` into `state$`, the choice of delayed leave timings,
 mapping a data packet's sender to a member, and the transport registry, which keys on the raw
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+lockfileVersion: '9.0'
+
+settings:
+  autoInstallPeers: false
+  excludeLinksFromLockfile: false
+
+importers:
+
+  .: {}
@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 import { type MatrixClient, type Room, SyncState } from "matrix-js-sdk";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import {
+  type CallMembership,
  MatrixRTCSessionEvent,
  MembershipManagerEvent,
  type Transport,
+  type UnstableLivekitTransport,
 } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import { BehaviorSubject, EMPTY, Subject } from "rxjs";
 import { describe, expect, it, type Mock, vi } from "vitest";
@@ -38,13 +40,32 @@ import { constant } from "./reactive/Behavior";
 import { ObservableScope } from "./reactive/ObservableScope";
 import { createRTCParticipation } from "./RTCParticipation";
 import { transportId } from "./matrixrtc/Transports";
-import { flushPromises, mockEmitter, MockRTCSession } from "./utils/test";
+import {
+  flushPromises,
+  mockEmitter,
+  mockRtcMembership,
+  MockRTCSession,
+} from "./utils/test";

-const transport: Transport = {
+const transport: UnstableLivekitTransport = {
  type: "livekit",
  livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
 };
+
+const transportWithAlias: Transport = {
+  livekit_alias: "!room:example.org",
+  ...transport,
+};
+
 const userId = "@alice:example.org";
+/** A token with the publish grant, as a homeserver issues it for its own SFU. */
+const publisherJWT = [
+  {},
+  { sub: "identity", video: { room: "room", canPublish: true } },
+  {},
+]
+  .map((d) => global.btoa(JSON.stringify(d)))
+  .join(".");
 const deviceId = "AAAA";
 const legacyMemberId = `${userId}:${deviceId}`;

@@ -91,6 +112,13 @@ interface FakeBackend {
 function setup(
  options: Partial<RTCParticipationOptions> = {},
  slotOptions: { matrixRTCMode?: MatrixRTCMode } = {},
+  {
+    homeserverTransports = [transport],
+    memberships = [],
+  }: {
+    homeserverTransports?: Transport[];
+    memberships?: CallMembership[];
+  } = {},
 ): {
  scope: ObservableScope;
  participation: ReturnType<typeof createRTCParticipation>["participation"];
@@ -103,7 +131,7 @@ function setup(
 } {
  const scope = new ObservableScope();
  const room = { roomId: "!room:example.org" } as Room;
-  const session = new MockRTCSession(room);
+  const session = new MockRTCSession(room, memberships);
  const mockedSession = session.asMockedSession();
  const join = vi.spyOn(session, "join");
  const client = {
@@ -112,7 +140,8 @@ function setup(
    getDeviceId: () => deviceId,
    getDomain: () => "example.org",
    getSyncState: () => SyncState.Syncing,
-    _unstable_getRTCTransports: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([transport]),
+    _unstable_getRTCTransports: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(homeserverTransports),
+    _unstable_getLivekitToken: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ jwt: publisherJWT }),
  } as unknown as MatrixClient;
  const members$ = new BehaviorSubject<RTCMember[]>([]);

@@ -201,7 +230,7 @@ describe("createRTCParticipation", () => {
    await flushPromises();
    expect(join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
      { userId, deviceId, memberId: legacyMemberId },
-      [transport],
+      [transportWithAlias],
      expect.objectContaining({
        manageMediaKeys: true,
        unstableSendStickyEvents: false,
@@ -220,6 +249,32 @@ describe("createRTCParticipation", () => {
    });
  });

+  it("publishes on another member's SFU where the homeserver advertises none", async () => {
+    const bobOnSfu = mockRtcMembership("@bob:example.org", "BOB", {
+      fociPreferred: [{ type: "livekit", url: "wss://sfu.example.org" }],
+    });
+    const { join, fake } = setup(
+      {},
+      {},
+      { homeserverTransports: [], memberships: [bobOnSfu] },
+    );
+    fake.prepared.resolve({ canDelegateDelayedLeave: false });
+    await flushPromises();
+    await flushPromises();
+
+    expect(join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      [
+        {
+          type: "livekit",
+          url: "wss://sfu.example.org",
+          server_name: "example.org",
+        },
+      ],
+      expect.anything(),
+    );
+  });
+
  it("publishes only while joined", async () => {
    const { participation, session, fake, scope } = setup();
    const ended = vi.fn();
@@ -271,7 +326,7 @@ describe("createRTCParticipation", () => {
    await flushPromises();
    expect(join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
      expect.anything(),
-      [transport],
+      [transportWithAlias],
      expect.objectContaining({ delayedLeaveEventDelayMs: 7_200_000 }),
    );
    expect(fake.delegateDelayedLeave).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
  type MatrixRTCSession as JsSdkRTCSession,
  MatrixRTCSessionEvent,
  MembershipManagerEvent,
+  type Transport,
 } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import { type IMembershipManager } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc/IMembershipManager";
 import { type CallMembershipIdentityParts } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc/EncryptionManager";
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ import {
  type MediaKey,
 } from "./media-backend/api";
 import { createLivekitBackend } from "./media-backend/livekit/LivekitBackend";
+import { findRemotePublishLivekitTransport } from "./media-backend/livekit/RemotePublishTransport";
 import { createHomeserverConnected$ } from "./matrixrtc/HomeserverConnected";
 import { joinJsSdkSession } from "./matrixrtc/joinJsSdkSession";
 import {
@@ -130,13 +132,34 @@ export function createRTCParticipation(
    logger,
  });

+  // If the backend is LiveKit, we check it for transports as well, as a
+  // fallback: another member's SFU may let us publish (MSC4195). LiveKit only,
+  // so it stays out of the backend interface
+  const transportFromBackends = async (): Promise<Transport | null> =>
+    backend.transportType === "livekit"
+      ? findRemotePublishLivekitTransport({
+          client,
+          // A snapshot: if nobody with a usable SFU is here yet, the user has
+          // to come back later rather than wait in a half-working lobby
+          memberships: jsSdkSession.memberships,
+          ownMembershipIdentity,
+          roomId: room.roomId,
+          slotId: jsSdkSession.slotId,
+          logger,
+        })
+      : null;
+
  const preparedTransport$ = from(
-    discoverLocalTransport(client, backend.transportType, options, logger).then(
-      async (transport): Promise<PreparedTransport> => ({
-        transport,
-        ...(await backend.prepareLocalTransport(transport)),
-      }),
-    ),
+    discoverLocalTransport(
+      client,
+      backend.transportType,
+      options,
+      transportFromBackends,
+      logger,
+    ).then(async (transport): Promise<PreparedTransport> => ({
+      transport,
+      ...(await backend.prepareLocalTransport(transport)),
+    })),
  );

  const localMembership = createLocalMembership$({
@@ -151,14 +174,20 @@ export function createRTCParticipation(
      timings.syncDisconnectGracePeriodMs,
    ),
    joinMatrixRTC: (transport, delayedLeave) =>
-      joinJsSdkSession(jsSdkSession, ownMembershipIdentity, transport, {
-        encryptMedia: encryptionSystem.kind !== E2eeType.NONE,
-        matrixRTCMode,
-        sendNotificationType: options.sendNotificationType,
-        applicationData: options.applicationData,
-        timings,
-        delayedLeave,
-      }),
+      joinJsSdkSession(
+        room.roomId,
+        jsSdkSession,
+        ownMembershipIdentity,
+        transport,
+        {
+          encryptMedia: encryptionSystem.kind !== E2eeType.NONE,
+          matrixRTCMode,
+          sendNotificationType: options.sendNotificationType,
+          applicationData: options.applicationData,
+          timings,
+          delayedLeave,
+        },
+      ),
    membershipManagerError$: fromEvent(
      jsSdkSession,
      MatrixRTCSessionEvent.MembershipManagerError,
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ const hostTransport: Transport = {
  type: "livekit",
  livekit_service_url: "https://host.example.org",
 };
+const bobsTransport: Transport = {
+  type: "livekit",
+  url: "wss://sfu.bob.com",
+  server_name: "bob.com",
+};

 function client(
  advertised: Transport[],
@@ -30,6 +35,12 @@ function client(
  };
 }

+function fromBackends(
+  transport: Transport | null = null,
+): ReturnType<typeof vi.fn<() => Promise<Transport | null>>> {
+  return vi.fn(async () => Promise.resolve(transport));
+}
+
 describe("discoverLocalTransport", () => {
  it("takes the transport the host names without asking the homeserver", async () => {
    const c = client([homeserverTransport]);
@@ -39,6 +50,7 @@ describe("discoverLocalTransport", () => {
        c,
        "livekit",
        { transport: hostTransport },
+        fromBackends(),
        logger,
      ),
    ).resolves.toBe(hostTransport);
@@ -51,6 +63,7 @@ describe("discoverLocalTransport", () => {
        client([homeserverTransport]),
        "livekit",
        { fallbackTransport: hostTransport },
+        fromBackends(),
        logger,
      ),
    ).resolves.toEqual(homeserverTransport);
@@ -62,13 +75,35 @@ describe("discoverLocalTransport", () => {
        client([{ type: "not_livekit" }]),
        "livekit",
        { fallbackTransport: hostTransport },
+        fromBackends(),
        logger,
      ),
    ).resolves.toEqual(hostTransport);
  });

+  it("prefers a local transport over the backends' without asking them", async () => {
+    const backends = fromBackends(bobsTransport);
+
+    await expect(
+      discoverLocalTransport(
+        client([homeserverTransport]),
+        "livekit",
+        {},
+        backends,
+        logger,
+      ),
+    ).resolves.toEqual(homeserverTransport);
+    expect(backends).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
  it("fails naming the homeserver where there is no transport at all", async () => {
-    const promise = discoverLocalTransport(client([]), "livekit", {}, logger);
+    const promise = discoverLocalTransport(
+      client([]),
+      "livekit",
+      {},
+      fromBackends(),
+      logger,
+    );

    await expect(promise).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(
      MatrixRTCTransportMissingError,
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ import { TransportAutoDiscovery } from "./TransportAutoDiscovery";

 /**
 * The transport the local member advertises: the one the host names, else the
- * homeserver's first of the type the backend serves, else the host's fallback.
+ * homeserver's first of the type the backend serves, else the host's fallback,
+ * else the first the backends can provide, which are asked only then.
+ *
+ * @throws {MatrixRTCTransportMissingError} where none of these exists.
 */
 export async function discoverLocalTransport(
  client: Pick<MatrixClient, "getDomain" | "_unstable_getRTCTransports">,
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ export async function discoverLocalTransport(
    transport: override,
    fallbackTransport,
  }: Pick<RTCParticipationOptions, "transport" | "fallbackTransport">,
+  transportFromBackends: () => Promise<Transport | null>,
  logger: Logger,
 ): Promise<Transport> {
  const transport =
@@ -33,7 +37,9 @@ export async function discoverLocalTransport(
      transportType,
      fallbackTransport,
      logger,
-    }).discoverPreferredTransport());
+    }).discoverPreferredTransport()) ??
+    (await transportFromBackends()) ??
+    null;
  if (transport === null)
    throw new MatrixRTCTransportMissingError(client.getDomain() ?? "");
  return transport;
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */

 import {
+  type UnstableLivekitTransport,
  type MatrixRTCSession,
  type Transport,
 } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
@@ -15,11 +16,16 @@ import { defaultSessionTimings, MatrixRTCMode } from "../config";
 import { ownMemberMock } from "../utils/test";
 import { joinJsSdkSession } from "./joinJsSdkSession";

-const transport: Transport = {
+const transport: UnstableLivekitTransport = {
  type: "livekit",
  livekit_service_url: "https://lk.example.org",
 };

+const transportWithAlias: Transport = {
+  livekit_alias: "!room:example.org",
+  ...transport,
+};
+
 /** A session that only records the join; nothing else of it is touched. */
 function session(): MatrixRTCSession & {
  join: Mock<MatrixRTCSession["join"]>;
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ describe("joinJsSdkSession", () => {
      keyRotationParticipantLimit: 20,
    };

-    joinJsSdkSession(s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
+    joinJsSdkSession("!room:example.org", s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
      encryptMedia: true,
      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
      sendNotificationType: "ring",
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ describe("joinJsSdkSession", () => {
      },
    });

-    expect(s.join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ownMemberMock, [transport], {
+    expect(s.join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ownMemberMock, [transportWithAlias], {
      notificationType: "ring",
      callIntent: undefined,
      applicationData: {},
@@ -72,7 +78,7 @@ describe("joinJsSdkSession", () => {
  it("gives up on the network once the delayed leave has probably been sent", () => {
    const s = session();

-    joinJsSdkSession(s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
+    joinJsSdkSession("!room:example.org", s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
      encryptMedia: false,
      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Compatibility,
      timings: { ...defaultSessionTimings, networkErrorRetryMs: 4_000 },
@@ -81,7 +87,7 @@ describe("joinJsSdkSession", () => {

    expect(s.join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
      ownMemberMock,
-      [transport],
+      [transportWithAlias],
      expect.objectContaining({
        manageMediaKeys: false,
        maximumNetworkErrorRetryCount: 4,
@@ -92,7 +98,30 @@ describe("joinJsSdkSession", () => {
  it("lifts the call intent out of the application data and sends sticky events in Matrix 2.0 mode", () => {
    const s = session();

-    joinJsSdkSession(s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
+    joinJsSdkSession("!room:example.org", s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
+      encryptMedia: true,
+      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Matrix_2_0,
+      applicationData: { "m.call.intent": "audio", custom: 1 },
+      timings: defaultSessionTimings,
+      delayedLeave: defaultSessionTimings.delayedLeave,
+    });
+
+    expect(s.join).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      ownMemberMock,
+      [transportWithAlias],
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        callIntent: "audio",
+        applicationData: { custom: 1 },
+        unstableSendStickyEvents: true,
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("does not add livekit_alias to newer transport format", () => {
+    const s = session();
+    const transport = { type: "livekit", url: "wss://lk.example.org" };
+
+    joinJsSdkSession("!room:example.org", s, ownMemberMock, transport, {
      encryptMedia: true,
      matrixRTCMode: MatrixRTCMode.Matrix_2_0,
      applicationData: { "m.call.intent": "audio", custom: 1 },
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ interface Options {
 * @throws If the join could not be started.
 */
 export function joinJsSdkSession(
+  roomId: string,
  session: JsSdkRTCSession,
  ownMembershipIdentity: CallMembershipIdentityParts,
  transport: Transport,
@@ -58,20 +59,37 @@ export function joinJsSdkSession(
    timings.syncDisconnectGracePeriodMs,
    delayedLeave.delay_ms,
  );
-  session.join(ownMembershipIdentity, [transport], {
-    notificationType: sendNotificationType,
-    callIntent,
-    applicationData: rest,
-    manageMediaKeys: encryptMedia,
-    delayedLeaveEventRestartMs: delayedLeave.restart_ms,
-    delayedLeaveEventDelayMs: delayedLeave.delay_ms,
-    delayedLeaveEventRestartLocalTimeoutMs: delayedLeave.restart_timeout_ms,
-    networkErrorRetryMs: timings.networkErrorRetryMs,
-    makeKeyDelay: timings.waitForKeyRotationMs,
-    membershipEventExpiryMs: timings.membershipEventExpiryMs,
-    keyRotationParticipantLimit: timings.keyRotationParticipantLimit,
-    unstableSendStickyEvents: matrixRTCMode === MatrixRTCMode.Matrix_2_0,
-    maximumNetworkErrorRetryCount:
-      Math.ceil(maxWaitMs / timings.networkErrorRetryMs) + 1,
-  });
+
+  session.join(
+    ownMembershipIdentity,
+    // TODO: `livekit_alias` should be unused these days, but some Ruma-based
+    // clients still expect it to be present. Remove from `publishedTransports`
+    // as soon as https://github.com/ruma/ruma/pull/2642 and
+    // https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-rust-sdk/pull/7335 are widely
+    // deployed.
+    [
+      {
+        ...("livekit_service_url" in transport
+          ? { livekit_alias: roomId }
+          : {}),
+        ...transport,
+      },
+    ],
+    {
+      notificationType: sendNotificationType,
+      callIntent,
+      applicationData: rest,
+      manageMediaKeys: encryptMedia,
+      delayedLeaveEventRestartMs: delayedLeave.restart_ms,
+      delayedLeaveEventDelayMs: delayedLeave.delay_ms,
+      delayedLeaveEventRestartLocalTimeoutMs: delayedLeave.restart_timeout_ms,
+      networkErrorRetryMs: timings.networkErrorRetryMs,
+      makeKeyDelay: timings.waitForKeyRotationMs,
+      membershipEventExpiryMs: timings.membershipEventExpiryMs,
+      keyRotationParticipantLimit: timings.keyRotationParticipantLimit,
+      unstableSendStickyEvents: matrixRTCMode === MatrixRTCMode.Matrix_2_0,
+      maximumNetworkErrorRetryCount:
+        Math.ceil(maxWaitMs / timings.networkErrorRetryMs) + 1,
+    },
+  );
 }
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import {
 import { type ConnectionFactory } from "./ConnectionFactory.ts";
 import { type Connection } from "./Connection.ts";
 import { ownMemberMock, withTestScheduler } from "../../utils/test";
-import { type Behavior } from "../../reactive/Behavior";
+import { constant, type Behavior } from "../../reactive/Behavior";
 import { type TransportLocator } from "./auth";

 const TRANSPORT_1: TransportLocator = {
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ describe("connections$ stream", () => {
    });
  });

-  test("Keeps one connection per homeserver for transports with a url", () => {
+  test("Keeps one connection per homeserver for url transports", () => {
    withTestScheduler(({ behavior, expectObservable }) => {
      const urlTransport: TransportLocator = {
        transport: { type: "livekit", url: "wss://sfu.example.org" },
@@ -243,6 +243,94 @@ describe("connections$ stream", () => {
    });
  });

+  test("Shares connection between local livekit_service_url transport and remote url + livekit_service_url transport", () => {
+    withTestScheduler(({ behavior, expectObservable, scope }) => {
+      const serviceUrlTransport: TransportLocator = {
+        transport: {
+          type: "livekit",
+          livekit_service_url: "https://jwt.example.org",
+        },
+        serverName: "example.org",
+      };
+      const urlAndServiceUrlTransport: TransportLocator = {
+        transport: {
+          type: "livekit",
+          livekit_service_url: "https://jwt.example.org",
+          url: "wss://sfu.elsewhere.org",
+        },
+        // Should pass even if local server != remote server
+        serverName: "elsewhere.org",
+      };
+      const connectionMap$ = createConnectionMap$({
+        scope,
+        connectionFactory: fakeConnectionFactory,
+        localTransport: serviceUrlTransport,
+        remoteTransports$: constant(new Epoch([urlAndServiceUrlTransport])),
+        logger,
+        ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+      });
+
+      expectObservable(
+        connectionMap$.pipe(mapEpoch((d) => d.getConnections())),
+      ).toBe("a", {
+        a: expect.toSatisfy(({ value: cs }: Epoch<Connection[]>) => {
+          // One connection total, since local and remote connections are shared
+          expect(cs.length).toBe(1);
+          expect(findConnection(serviceUrlTransport, cs)).toBeDefined();
+          expect(findConnection(serviceUrlTransport, cs)).toBe(
+            findConnection(urlAndServiceUrlTransport, cs),
+          );
+          return true;
+        }),
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("Shares connection between remote livekit_service_url transport and remote url + livekit_service_url transport", () => {
+    withTestScheduler(({ behavior, expectObservable, scope }) => {
+      const serviceUrlTransport: TransportLocator = {
+        transport: {
+          type: "livekit",
+          livekit_service_url: "https://jwt.example.org",
+        },
+        serverName: "example.org",
+      };
+      const urlAndServiceUrlTransport: TransportLocator = {
+        transport: {
+          type: "livekit",
+          livekit_service_url: "https://jwt.example.org",
+          url: "wss://sfu.elsewhere.org",
+        },
+        // Should pass even if local server != remote server
+        serverName: "elsewhere.org",
+      };
+      const connectionMap$ = createConnectionMap$({
+        scope,
+        connectionFactory: fakeConnectionFactory,
+        localTransport: TRANSPORT_2,
+        remoteTransports$: constant(
+          new Epoch([serviceUrlTransport, urlAndServiceUrlTransport]),
+        ),
+        logger,
+        ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+      });
+
+      expectObservable(
+        connectionMap$.pipe(mapEpoch((d) => d.getConnections())),
+      ).toBe("a", {
+        a: expect.toSatisfy(({ value: cs }: Epoch<Connection[]>) => {
+          // Two connections total: a local connection and a shared remote connection
+          expect(cs.length).toBe(2);
+          expect(findConnection(serviceUrlTransport, cs)).toBeDefined();
+          expect(findConnection(serviceUrlTransport, cs)).toBe(
+            findConnection(urlAndServiceUrlTransport, cs),
+          );
+          return true;
+        }),
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
  test("Should start connection only once", () => {
    withTestScheduler(({ behavior, expectObservable }) => {
      const connectionMap$ = createConnectionMap$({
@@ -344,7 +432,7 @@ describe("ConnectionMap", () => {
    data.add({ ...connection } as Connection, [p("b")]);
    expect(warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
      expect.stringContaining(
-        'second connection to [null,"https://lk.example.org",null]: existing [a], adding [b]',
+        'second connection to ["openID","https://lk.example.org"]: existing [a], adding [b]',
      ),
    );
    expect(data.getParticipantsForTransport(TRANSPORT_1)).toHaveLength(2);
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ import {
  type ObservableScope,
 } from "../../reactive/ObservableScope";
 import { generateItemsWithEpoch } from "../../reactive/observable";
-import { type ConnectionRole, type TransportLocator } from "./auth";
+import {
+  chooseAuthFlow,
+  type ConnectionRole,
+  type TransportLocator,
+} from "./auth";
 import { type Connection } from "./Connection";
 import { type ConnectionFactory } from "./ConnectionFactory";

@@ -26,22 +30,25 @@ import { type ConnectionFactory } from "./ConnectionFactory";
 export type TransportKey = string & { __transportKey: true };

 /**
- * The key a locator is identified by in a map or set. Locators with the same
- * key share a connection: the server name only takes part in authentication
- * for a transport with a `url`, where our homeserver asks that server for the
- * token. A JWT service is reached directly, so members of several homeservers
- * advertising the same one share a connection rather than each get their own.
+ * Converts a {@link TransportLocator} to a key suitable for identifying it in a
+ * map of connections.
 */
 export function keyFor({
  transport,
  serverName,
 }: TransportLocator): TransportKey {
-  const hasUrl = "url" in transport;
+  // Base the key on the auth flow we would use, so that we never create two
+  // connections that share the same auth details. (That would be bad, as we
+  // might then try to connect to the same SFU twice with the same participant
+  // ID, resulting in only one working connection.)
+  // TODO: This strategy will not work once `chooseAuthFlow` begins allowing for
+  // falling back from the CS API flow to the OpenID flow.
+  const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport);
  // Serialize the fields in a consistent order
  return JSON.stringify([
-    hasUrl ? transport.url : null,
-    "livekit_service_url" in transport ? transport.livekit_service_url : null,
-    hasUrl ? serverName : null,
+    flow.kind,
+    // With the CS API flow, we additionally need to distinguish server names
+    ...(flow.kind === "csApi" ? [flow.url, serverName] : [flow.serviceUrl]),
  ]) as TransportKey;
 }

@@ -258,6 +258,23 @@ describe("createLivekitBackend", () => {
    },
  );

+  it("prepares a remote SFU's transport on its homeserver, where delegation is not possible", async () => {
+    // Our own homeserver would delegate, so only the SFU being remote can
+    // explain delegation being skipped
+    fetchMock.post(homeserverEndpoint, 401);
+    const remoteTransport: UnstableLivekitTransport = {
+      type: "livekit",
+      url: "wss://sfu.sample.com",
+      server_name: "sample.com",
+    };
+
+    const capabilities = await backend().prepareLocalTransport(remoteTransport);
+
+    expect(capabilities).toEqual({ canDelegateDelayedLeave: false });
+    expect(connections[0].connection.role).toBe("publisher");
+    expect(connections[0].connection.serverName).toBe("sample.com");
+  });
+
  it("waits for the publisher connection to hold its token before the join", async () => {
    fetchMock.post(homeserverEndpoint, 404);
    fetchMock.post(`${exampleServiceUrl}/delegate_delayed_leave`, 404);
@@ -488,6 +505,27 @@ describe("createLivekitBackend", () => {
      expect(remote?.connection.transport).toEqual(carlsTransport);
      expect(remote?.connection.serverName).toBe("sample.com");
    });
+
+    it("connects to a remote publisher's transport on the SFU's homeserver", async () => {
+      const b = await prepared();
+      // Dave has no SFU of his own and publishes on sample.com's
+      const remoteTransport: UnstableLivekitTransport = {
+        type: "livekit",
+        url: "wss://sfu.sample.com",
+        server_name: "sample.com",
+      };
+      b.mediaFor(testScope(), {
+        ...bob(remoteTransport, ["dave-hashed"]),
+        userId: "@dave:example.org",
+      });
+      await flushPromises();
+
+      const remote = connections.find(
+        (c) => c.connection.role === "subscriber",
+      );
+      expect(remote?.connection.transport).toEqual(remoteTransport);
+      expect(remote?.connection.serverName).toBe("sample.com");
+    });
  });
 });

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import {
  trackEpoch,
 } from "../../reactive/ObservableScope";
 import { mapScoped } from "../../utils/mapScoped";
-import { serverNameOf } from "../../utils/serverName";
+import { serverNameOf, serverNameOfTransport } from "../../utils/serverName";
 import {
  type BackendConnection,
  type MediaBackend,
@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ import {
 import { toMediaConnectionState } from "./connectionState";
 import { createDataChannel$ } from "./DataChannel";
 import { createKeyProvider } from "./KeyProvider";
-import { createLivekitMemberMedia } from "./LivekitMemberMedia";
+import {
+  createLivekitMemberMedia,
+  participantSourcesEqual,
+} from "./LivekitMemberMedia";
 import { createLivekitLocalMedia } from "./LocalMedia";

 export interface LivekitBackendOptions {
@@ -146,26 +149,37 @@ export function createLivekitBackend(
    logger,
  );

+  const ownServerName = serverNameOf(ownMembershipIdentity.userId);
+
  const prepareLocalTransport = async (
    transport: Transport,
  ): Promise<TransportCapabilities> => {
    if (!isUnstableLivekitTransport(transport))
      throw new MatrixRTCError(`Not a LiveKit transport: ${transport.type}`);
-    const locator: TransportLocator = {
+    const serverName = serverNameOfTransport(
      transport,
-      serverName: serverNameOf(ownMembershipIdentity.userId),
-    };
-    // Delegation goes through whichever service authenticates us as a
-    // publisher, so only that service's support counts
-    const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport, "publisher");
-    const canDelegate =
-      flow.kind === "openID"
-        ? supportsDelegation(
-            `${flow.serviceUrl}/delegate_delayed_leave`,
-            `transport ${flow.serviceUrl}`,
-            logger,
-          )
-        : homeserverSupportsDelegation;
+      ownMembershipIdentity.userId,
+    );
+    const locator: TransportLocator = { transport, serverName };
+    let canDelegate: Promise<boolean>;
+    if (serverName !== ownServerName) {
+      // Our homeserver only takes over leaves for its own SFUs
+      logger.info(
+        `Publishing on a remote SFU of ${serverName}, delegation is not possible`,
+      );
+      canDelegate = Promise.resolve(false);
+    } else {
+      // Check for support using the same auth flow that we intend to use later
+      const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport);
+      canDelegate =
+        flow.kind === "openID"
+          ? supportsDelegation(
+              `${flow.serviceUrl}/delegate_delayed_leave`,
+              `transport ${flow.serviceUrl}`,
+              logger,
+            )
+          : homeserverSupportsDelegation;
+    }
    localTransport$.next(locator);
    // The membership is only sent once the publisher connection holds its
    // token, so that the LiveKit room exists before anyone subscribes to it:
@@ -204,7 +218,10 @@ export function createLivekitBackend(
        map((transport): TransportLocator | undefined => {
          const raw = transport?.raw;
          return isUnstableLivekitTransport(raw)
-            ? { transport: raw, serverName: serverNameOf(member.userId) }
+            ? {
+                transport: raw,
+                serverName: serverNameOfTransport(raw, member.userId),
+              }
            : undefined;
        }),
        distinctUntilChanged((a, b) => (a && keyFor(a)) === (b && keyFor(b))),
@@ -219,22 +236,28 @@ export function createLivekitBackend(
          const connection = connections.getConnectionForTransport(locator);
          // A member advertising both a `url` and a `livekit_service_url` may
          // have authenticated through either flow, under either identity
-          const participant = connections
+          const participants = connections
            .getParticipantsForTransport(locator)
-            .find((p) => backendIdentities.includes(p.identity));
-          return connection && participant
-            ? { participant, room: connection.livekitRoom }
+            .filter((p) => backendIdentities.includes(p.identity));
+          return connection && participants.length
+            ? { participants, room: connection.livekitRoom }
            : null;
        }),
-        distinctUntilChanged(
-          (a, b) => a?.participant === b?.participant && a?.room === b?.room,
-        ),
+        distinctUntilChanged(participantSourcesEqual),
      ),
    );
    source$.pipe(memberScope.bind()).subscribe((source) => {
-      logger.info(
-        `${member.rtcBackendIdentity}: LiveKit participant ${source ? `matched (${source.participant.sid})` : "missing"} on ${locator$.value ? JSON.stringify(locator$.value.transport) : "no transport"}`,
-      );
+      const transportString = locator$.value
+        ? JSON.stringify(locator$.value.transport)
+        : "no transport";
+      if (source)
+        logger.info(
+          `${member.rtcBackendIdentity}: ${source.participants.length} LiveKit participant(s) matched (${source.participants.map((p) => p.sid).join(", ")}) on ${transportString}`,
+        );
+      else
+        logger.info(
+          `${member.rtcBackendIdentity}: LiveKit participant missing on ${transportString}`,
+        );
    });
    return createLivekitMemberMedia(memberScope, source$, encryptionSystem);
  };
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe("createLivekitMemberMedia", () => {
    const { participant, publications, room, emitter } = fakes();
    const media = createLivekitMemberMedia(
      testScope(),
-      constant({ participant, room }),
+      constant({ participants: [participant], room }),
      { kind: E2eeType.NONE },
    );
    expect(media.tracks$.value).toEqual([]);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ describe("createLivekitMemberMedia", () => {
    const { participant, publications, room, emitter } = fakes();
    const media = createLivekitMemberMedia(
      testScope(),
-      constant({ participant, room }),
+      constant({ participants: [participant], room }),
      { kind: E2eeType.NONE },
    );
    emitter.emit(
@@ -16,13 +16,20 @@ import {
  RoomEvent,
  type TrackPublication,
 } from "livekit-client";
-import { EMPTY, filter, map, type Observable, of, switchMap } from "rxjs";
+import {
+  EMPTY,
+  filter,
+  map,
+  type Observable,
+  of,
+  switchMap,
+  combineLatest,
+} from "rxjs";

 import { type ObservableScope } from "../../reactive/ObservableScope";
 import { generateItems } from "../../reactive/observable";
 import { E2eeType, type EncryptionSystem } from "../../encryption";
 import { type Behavior } from "../../reactive/Behavior";
-import { mapScoped } from "../../utils/mapScoped";
 import {
  type EncryptionError,
  type LocalMemberMedia,
@@ -33,13 +40,27 @@ import {
  createLivekitMediaTrack,
  createLocalLivekitMediaTrack,
 } from "./LivekitMediaTrack";
+import { shallowEquals as arrayShallowEquals } from "../../utils/array";

 /** Where a member's media comes from: its participant on a room, null while it has none. */
 export type ParticipantSource<P extends Participant = Participant> = {
-  participant: P;
+  participants: P[];
  room: LivekitRoom;
 } | null;

+export function participantSourcesEqual<P extends Participant = Participant>(
+  a: ParticipantSource<P>,
+  b: ParticipantSource<P>,
+): boolean {
+  return (
+    a === b ||
+    (a !== null &&
+      b !== null &&
+      arrayShallowEquals(a.participants, b.participants) &&
+      a.room === b.room)
+  );
+}
+
 /**
 * A member's media from its participant. The only place, with
 * `LivekitMediaTrack`, that reads a LiveKit participant; everything above
@@ -99,21 +120,28 @@ function memberTracks$<P extends Participant, T>(
  ) => T,
 ): Behavior<T[] | null> {
  return scope.behavior(
-    mapScoped(scope, source$, (participantScope, { participant, room }) =>
-      participantScope.behavior(
-        observeParticipantMedia(participant).pipe(
-          generateItems(
-            `${participant.identity} tracks$`,
-            function* () {
-              for (const publication of participant.trackPublications.values())
-                yield { keys: [publication.trackSid], data: publication };
-            },
-            (trackScope, publication$) =>
-              factory(trackScope, participant, publication$.value, room),
+    source$.pipe(
+      switchMap((source) => {
+        if (source === null) return of(null);
+        const { participants, room } = source;
+        return combineLatest(
+          participants.map((participant) =>
+            observeParticipantMedia(participant).pipe(
+              generateItems(
+                `${participant.identity} tracks$`,
+                function* () {
+                  for (const publication of participant.trackPublications.values())
+                    yield { keys: [publication.trackSid], data: publication };
+                },
+                (trackScope, publication$) =>
+                  factory(trackScope, participant, publication$.value, room),
+              ),
+            ),
          ),
-        ),
-      ),
-    ).pipe(switchMap((tracks$) => tracks$ ?? of(null))),
+          (...tracks) => tracks.flat(1),
+        );
+      }),
+    ),
  );
 }

@@ -133,7 +161,7 @@ function encryptionErrors$(
            filter(
              (message) =>
                encryptionSystem.kind === E2eeType.SHARED_KEY ||
-                message.includes(source.participant.identity),
+                source.participants.some((p) => message.includes(p.identity)),
            ),
            map((message): EncryptionError | undefined =>
              message.includes("MissingKey")
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
  type LocalParticipant,
  type LocalTrackPublication,
  ParticipantEvent,
-  type Room as LivekitRoom,
 } from "livekit-client";
 import { type Logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import {
@@ -43,7 +42,11 @@ import { type LocalMediaBackend, MediaConnectionState } from "../api";
 import { type TransportLocator } from "./auth";
 import { type Connection } from "./Connection";
 import { type ConnectionMap } from "./ConnectionMap";
-import { createLocalLivekitMemberMedia } from "./LivekitMemberMedia";
+import {
+  createLocalLivekitMemberMedia,
+  type ParticipantSource,
+  participantSourcesEqual,
+} from "./LivekitMemberMedia";
 import { livekitSources } from "./LivekitMediaTrack";
 import { type DesiredMedia, Publisher } from "./Publisher";
 import { toMediaConnectionState } from "./connectionState";
@@ -217,17 +220,15 @@ function participantAndRoom$(
  scope: ObservableScope,
  participant$: Behavior<LocalParticipant | null>,
  connection$: Behavior<Connection | null>,
-): Behavior<{ participant: LocalParticipant; room: LivekitRoom } | null> {
+): Behavior<ParticipantSource<LocalParticipant>> {
  return scope.behavior(
    combineLatest([participant$, connection$]).pipe(
      map(([participant, connection]) =>
        participant && connection
-          ? { participant, room: connection.livekitRoom }
+          ? { participants: [participant], room: connection.livekitRoom }
          : null,
      ),
-      distinctUntilChanged(
-        (a, b) => a?.participant === b?.participant && a?.room === b?.room,
-      ),
+      distinctUntilChanged(participantSourcesEqual),
    ),
  );
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { MatrixError } from "matrix-js-sdk";
+import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
+import { type CallMembership } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, type Mocked, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import { mockRtcMembership, ownMemberMock } from "../../utils/test";
+import { type ClientGetTokenParts } from "./auth/csApi";
+import { findRemotePublishLivekitTransport } from "./RemotePublishTransport";
+
+/** A JWT whose payload states whether the issuing server lets us publish. */
+function jwtWithPublishGrant(canPublish: boolean): string {
+  return [
+    {}, // header
+    { sub: "identity", video: { room: "room", canPublish } }, // payload
+    {}, // signature
+  ]
+    .map((d) => global.btoa(JSON.stringify(d)))
+    .join(".");
+}
+
+const bobSfu = { type: "livekit", url: "wss://sfu.bob.com" };
+const carolSfu = { type: "livekit", url: "wss://sfu.carol.com" };
+const bobsTransport = { ...bobSfu, server_name: "bob.com" };
+const carolsTransport = { ...carolSfu, server_name: "carol.com" };
+
+// Bob is the oldest member, Carol joined after him
+const bob = mockRtcMembership("@bob:bob.com", "BOB", {
+  fociPreferred: [bobSfu],
+  membership: { created_ts: 100 },
+});
+const carol = mockRtcMembership("@carol:carol.com", "CAROL", {
+  fociPreferred: [carolSfu],
+  membership: { created_ts: 200 },
+});
+// Bob's other device, and Dave who publishes on Bob's SFU remotely
+const bobsLaptop = mockRtcMembership("@bob:bob.com", "LAPTOP", {
+  fociPreferred: [bobSfu],
+  membership: { created_ts: 150 },
+});
+const dave = mockRtcMembership("@dave:dave.com", "DAVE", {
+  fociPreferred: [bobsTransport],
+  membership: { created_ts: 160 },
+});
+const legacyErin = mockRtcMembership("@erin:erin.com", "ERIN", {
+  fociPreferred: [
+    { type: "livekit", livekit_service_url: "https://jwt.erin.com" },
+  ],
+  membership: { created_ts: 50 },
+});
+const ourselves = mockRtcMembership(
+  ownMemberMock.userId,
+  ownMemberMock.deviceId,
+  {
+    fociPreferred: [{ type: "livekit", url: "wss://sfu.example.org" }],
+    membership: { created_ts: 10 },
+  },
+);
+
+const csApiMissing = new MatrixError(
+  { errcode: "M_UNRECOGNIZED", error: "" },
+  404,
+);
+
+describe("findRemotePublishLivekitTransport", () => {
+  let client: Mocked<ClientGetTokenParts>;
+  const find = async (
+    memberships: CallMembership[],
+  ): ReturnType<typeof findRemotePublishLivekitTransport> =>
+    findRemotePublishLivekitTransport({
+      client,
+      memberships,
+      ownMembershipIdentity: ownMemberMock,
+      roomId: "!room:example.org",
+      slotId: "m.call#ROOM",
+      logger,
+    });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    client = {
+      _unstable_getLivekitToken: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockResolvedValue({ jwt: jwtWithPublishGrant(true) }),
+    };
+  });
+
+  it("publishes on the oldest member's SFU with its server_name", async () => {
+    await expect(find([carol, bob])).resolves.toEqual(bobsTransport);
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      url: "wss://sfu.bob.com",
+      server_name: "bob.com",
+      room_id: "!room:example.org",
+      slot_id: "m.call#ROOM",
+      member_id: ownMemberMock.memberId,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("asks about an SFU once however many members are on it", async () => {
+    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockResolvedValue({
+      jwt: jwtWithPublishGrant(false),
+    });
+
+    await expect(find([dave, bobsLaptop, bob])).resolves.toBeNull();
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("skips our own membership", async () => {
+    await expect(find([ourselves, bob])).resolves.toEqual(bobsTransport);
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("ignores members publishing through a legacy JWT service", async () => {
+    await expect(find([legacyErin, bob])).resolves.toEqual(bobsTransport);
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("moves on when a homeserver does not let us publish", async () => {
+    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockImplementation(
+      async ({ server_name }) =>
+        Promise.resolve({
+          jwt: jwtWithPublishGrant(server_name === "carol.com"),
+        }),
+    );
+
+    await expect(find([bob, carol])).resolves.toEqual(carolsTransport);
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it("moves on when a homeserver refuses to issue a token", async () => {
+    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockImplementation(
+      async ({ server_name }) =>
+        server_name === "bob.com"
+          ? Promise.reject(
+              new MatrixError(
+                { errcode: "M_FORBIDDEN", error: "Not joined" },
+                403,
+              ),
+            )
+          : Promise.resolve({ jwt: jwtWithPublishGrant(true) }),
+    );
+
+    await expect(find([bob, carol])).resolves.toEqual(carolsTransport);
+  });
+
+  it("finds nothing once all candidates are exhausted", async () => {
+    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockResolvedValue({
+      jwt: jwtWithPublishGrant(false),
+    });
+
+    await expect(find([bob, carol])).resolves.toBeNull();
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it("gives up immediately if our homeserver lacks the CS API", async () => {
+    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockRejectedValue(csApiMissing);
+
+    await expect(find([bob, carol])).resolves.toBeNull();
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("finds nothing where there are no other members", async () => {
+    await expect(find([ourselves])).resolves.toBeNull();
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2026 Element Creations Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+import { type Logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
+import {
+  type CallMembership,
+  isUnstableLivekitTransport,
+  type Transport,
+} from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
+import { type CallMembershipIdentityParts } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc/EncryptionManager";
+
+import { isCsApiUnavailable } from "./auth";
+import * as csApi from "./auth/csApi";
+import { decodeSFUJWTPayload } from "./auth/types";
+
+export interface RemotePublishTransportParams {
+  client: csApi.ClientGetTokenParts;
+  /** The members whose SFUs are the candidates. */
+  memberships: CallMembership[];
+  ownMembershipIdentity: CallMembershipIdentityParts;
+  roomId: string;
+  slotId: string;
+  logger: Logger;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The SFU of another member that its homeserver lets us publish on, as the
+ * transport to advertise, or null where none does. Candidates are tried
+ * oldest membership first, each SFU once, and each is checked by asking for a
+ * publisher token through our homeserver (MSC4195): a homeserver may restrict
+ * remote publishers, which shows as a token without the publish grant.
+ */
+export async function findRemotePublishLivekitTransport({
+  client,
+  memberships,
+  ownMembershipIdentity: own,
+  roomId,
+  slotId,
+  logger,
+}: RemotePublishTransportParams): Promise<Transport | null> {
+  logger.info(
+    "No local transport available, looking for another member's SFU to publish on",
+  );
+  const tried = new Set<string>();
+  const byAge = [...memberships].sort((a, b) => a.createdTs() - b.createdTs());
+  for (const membership of byAge) {
+    if (
+      membership.userId === own.userId &&
+      membership.deviceId === own.deviceId
+    )
+      continue;
+    for (const transport of membership.transports) {
+      // Publishing remotely goes through the client-server API, which a JWT
+      // service cannot stand in for, so only a `url` qualifies
+      if (!isUnstableLivekitTransport(transport) || !("url" in transport))
+        continue;
+      const { url } = transport;
+      const serverName = membership.getTransportServerName(transport);
+      const key = JSON.stringify([url, serverName]);
+      if (tried.has(key)) continue;
+      tried.add(key);
+      try {
+        const { jwt } = await csApi.getSFUConfig({
+          client,
+          membership: own,
+          url,
+          serverName,
+          roomId,
+          slotId,
+        });
+        try {
+          // The SFU treats an absent canPublish grant as publishing allowed.
+          if (decodeSFUJWTPayload(jwt).video.canPublish !== false) {
+            logger.info(`Publishing on remote SFU ${url} of ${serverName}`);
+            return { type: "livekit", url, server_name: serverName };
+          }
+          logger.info(
+            `${serverName} does not let us publish on ${url}, skipping`,
+          );
+          continue;
+        } catch (e) {
+          logger.info(
+            `${serverName}: failed to decode SFUJWT payload: ${e}, skipping`,
+          );
+          continue;
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (isCsApiUnavailable(e)) {
+          // Without the endpoint no further candidate can work
+          logger.warn(
+            `Cannot use the MSC4195 get_token endpoint (${e}), so no remote SFU can be used`,
+          );
+          return null;
+        }
+        logger.warn(`Failed to get a token for ${url} of ${serverName}:`, e);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.

 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, type Mocked, vi } from "vitest";
 import fetchMock from "fetch-mock";
-import { ConnectionError, MatrixError } from "matrix-js-sdk";
+import { MatrixError } from "matrix-js-sdk";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { type UnstableLivekitTransport } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import { type CallMembershipIdentityParts } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc/EncryptionManager";
@@ -144,26 +144,8 @@ describe("getSFUConfig", () => {
    expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual(["/get_token"]);
  });

-  it("uses CS API when subscribing with url + livekit_service_url transport", async () => {
+  it("uses OpenID when subscribing with url + livekit_service_url transport", async () => {
    mockJWTService();
-    expect(
-      await getSFUConfig({
-        ...defaultParams,
-        transport: urlAndServiceUrlTransport,
-      }),
-    ).toEqual(
-      expect.objectContaining({
-        jwt: csApiJWTToken,
-        livekitAlias: "via CS API",
-      }),
-    );
-    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual([]);
-  });
-
-  it("falls back to OpenID with url + livekit_service_url transport", async () => {
-    mockJWTService();
-    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockRejectedValueOnce(unsupportedError);
    expect(
      await getSFUConfig({
        ...defaultParams,
@@ -175,25 +157,7 @@ describe("getSFUConfig", () => {
        livekitAlias: "via default endpoint",
      }),
    );
-    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual(["/get_token"]);
-  });
-
-  it("falls back to OpenID when the widget host refuses the CS API", async () => {
-    mockJWTService();
-    // In widget mode a host without MSC4533 rejects the request before it
-    // reaches the homeserver, with a plain error rather than a Matrix error
-    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockRejectedValueOnce(
-      new Error(
-        "The rtc_livekit_get_token action is not supported by the client.",
-      ),
-    );
-    expect(
-      await getSFUConfig({
-        ...defaultParams,
-        transport: urlAndServiceUrlTransport,
-      }),
-    ).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ jwt: defaultJWTToken }));
+    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual(["/get_token"]);
  });

@@ -222,7 +186,7 @@ describe("getSFUConfig", () => {
    expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual([]);
  });

-  it("does not fall back to OpenID when publishing", async () => {
+  it("does not fall back to OpenID when publishing with url transport", async () => {
    mockJWTService();
    client._unstable_getLivekitToken.mockRejectedValueOnce(unsupportedError);
    await expect(
@@ -255,33 +219,6 @@ describe("getSFUConfig", () => {
    expect(client._unstable_getLivekitToken).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual(["/sfu/get"]);
  });
-
-  it("does not fall back to OpenID on connection error", async () => {
-    vi.useFakeTimers();
-    try {
-      mockJWTService();
-      const client_ = {
-        ...client,
-        _unstable_getLivekitToken: vi
-          .fn()
-          .mockRejectedValue(new ConnectionError("No connection")),
-      };
-      await Promise.all([
-        expect(
-          getSFUConfig({
-            ...defaultParams,
-            client: client_,
-            transport: urlAndServiceUrlTransport,
-          }),
-        ).rejects.toThrow(expect.any(ConnectionError)),
-        vi.runAllTimersAsync(), // Allow request to be retried
-      ]);
-      expect(client_._unstable_getLivekitToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(jwtServiceCalls()).toEqual([]);
-    } finally {
-      vi.useRealTimers();
-    }
-  });
 });

 describe("delegateDelayedLeave", () => {
@@ -362,46 +299,21 @@ describe("delegateDelayedLeave", () => {

 describe("chooseAuthFlow", () => {
  it.each([
-    [
-      "url",
-      "publisher",
-      urlTransport,
-      { kind: "csApi", url: urlTransport.url },
-    ],
-    [
-      "url",
-      "subscriber",
-      urlTransport,
-      { kind: "csApi", url: urlTransport.url },
-    ],
+    ["url", urlTransport, { kind: "csApi", url: urlTransport.url }],
    [
      "livekit_service_url",
-      "publisher",
-      serviceUrlTransport,
-      { kind: "openID", serviceUrl },
-    ],
-    [
-      "livekit_service_url",
-      "subscriber",
      serviceUrlTransport,
      { kind: "openID", serviceUrl },
    ],
    [
      "url + livekit_service_url",
-      "publisher",
      urlAndServiceUrlTransport,
      { kind: "openID", serviceUrl },
    ],
-    [
-      "url + livekit_service_url",
-      "subscriber",
-      urlAndServiceUrlTransport,
-      { kind: "csApi", url: urlTransport.url },
-    ],
  ] as const)(
    "chooses the flow for a %s transport as %s",
-    (_shape, role, transport, flow) => {
-      expect(chooseAuthFlow(transport, role)).toEqual(flow);
+    (_shape, transport, flow) => {
+      expect(chooseAuthFlow(transport)).toEqual(flow);
    },
  );
 });
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ function isEndpointUnsupported(e: unknown): boolean {
 * (MSC4533), which the widget API reports as a plain error. A connection
 * error is neither: the endpoint may well exist.
 */
-function isCsApiUnavailable(e: unknown): boolean {
+export function isCsApiUnavailable(e: unknown): boolean {
  if (isEndpointUnsupported(e)) return true;
  return !(e instanceof MatrixError) && !(e instanceof ConnectionError);
 }
@@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ export interface GetSFUConfigParams {
  logger: Logger;
 }

-/** Authenticates with a transport, through whichever flow suits it and our role. */
+/**
+ * Gets an {@link SFUConfig} appropriate for connecting to a given transport,
+ * using whichever auth flow is appropriate.
+ */
 export async function getSFUConfig({
  client,
  membership,
@@ -76,48 +79,36 @@ export async function getSFUConfig({
  role,
  logger,
 }: GetSFUConfigParams): Promise<SFUConfig> {
-  const viaOpenID = async (serviceUrl: string): Promise<SFUConfig> =>
-    await openID.getSFUConfig({
+  const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport);
+  if (flow.kind === "openID") {
+    return await openID.getSFUConfig({
      client,
      membership,
-      serviceUrl,
+      serviceUrl: flow.serviceUrl,
      roomId,
      slotId,
      role,
      logger,
    });
-
-  const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport, role);
-  if (flow.kind === "openID") return await viaOpenID(flow.serviceUrl);
-
-  try {
-    return await csApi.getSFUConfig({
-      client,
-      membership,
-      url: flow.url,
-      serverName,
-      roomId,
-      slotId,
-    });
-  } catch (e) {
-    // A publisher never falls back: a homeserver that advertises a `url` but
-    // does not implement MSC4195 is misconfigured, and the admin should hear
-    // about it before `livekit_service_url` is deprecated
-    const mayFallBack =
-      role === "subscriber" && "livekit_service_url" in transport;
-    if (mayFallBack && isCsApiUnavailable(e)) {
-      logger.warn(
-        `Cannot use the MSC4195 get_token endpoint (${e}), falling back to the OpenID flow with service ${transport.livekit_service_url}`,
-      );
-      return await viaOpenID(transport.livekit_service_url);
+  } else {
+    try {
+      return await csApi.getSFUConfig({
+        client,
+        membership,
+        url: flow.url,
+        serverName,
+        roomId,
+        slotId,
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (isEndpointUnsupported(e)) {
+        logger.error(
+          `Homeserver does not support the MSC4195 get_token endpoint, cannot get token for transport ${flow.url}`,
+        );
+        throw new NoMatrix2AuthorizationService(e as Error);
+      }
+      throw e;
    }
-    if (isEndpointUnsupported(e)) {
-      logger.error(
-        `Homeserver does not support the MSC4195 get_token endpoint, cannot get token for transport ${flow.url}`,
-      );
-      throw new NoMatrix2AuthorizationService(e as Error);
-    }
-    throw e;
  }
 }

@@ -149,7 +140,7 @@ export async function delegateDelayedLeave({
  delayTimeoutMs,
  logger,
 }: DelegateDelayedLeaveParams): Promise<void> {
-  const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport, "publisher");
+  const flow = chooseAuthFlow(transport);
  if (flow.kind === "csApi") {
    try {
      await csApi.delegateDelayedLeave({
@@ -190,23 +181,18 @@ export type AuthFlow =
  | { kind: "openID"; serviceUrl: string };

 /**
- * Chooses between the MSC4195 client-server API and the OpenID flow against
- * the transport's JWT service.
- *
- * Only the JWT service's `/sfu/get` endpoint assigns the legacy participant
- * identity that clients predating MSC4195 expect from anyone advertising a
- * membership, so a publisher keeps using the JWT service wherever the
- * transport still offers one, even next to a `url`. A subscriber may use the
- * client-server API regardless, as nobody matches its identity.
+ * Chooses which auth flow to use for a given transport. For now this returns a
+ * single auth flow, with no provision for a fallback behavior.
 */
-export function chooseAuthFlow(
-  transport: UnstableLivekitTransport,
-  role: ConnectionRole,
-): AuthFlow {
-  if ("url" in transport) {
-    const useCsApi =
-      !("livekit_service_url" in transport) || role === "subscriber";
-    if (useCsApi) return { kind: "csApi", url: transport.url };
-  }
+export function chooseAuthFlow(transport: UnstableLivekitTransport): AuthFlow {
+  if ("url" in transport && !("livekit_service_url" in transport))
+    return { kind: "csApi", url: transport.url };
+  // All other transports use the OpenID flow, even if they contain a `url`.
+  // This is necessary since the auth flow determines the participant identity
+  // format, and we still have older clients out in the wild which would not yet
+  // know to look for a hashed participant identity in case `url` is present in
+  // someone else's transport.
+  // TODO: Once users have updated their clients, choose the CS API flow if
+  // available, keeping OpenID as a fallback.
  return { kind: "openID", serviceUrl: transport.livekit_service_url };
 }
@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@ export interface SFUConfig {
 }

 /** The parts of the JWT payload the backend reads. */
-interface SFUJWTPayload {
+export interface SFUJWTPayload {
  /** The subject: the participant identity the token carries. */
  sub: string;
  video: {
    room: string;
+    /** Whether the token lets us publish; a homeserver may deny this to remote publishers. */
+    canPublish?: boolean;
  };
 }

@@ -47,8 +49,7 @@ export function extractFullConfigFromToken(sfuConfig: {
  url: string;
  jwt: string;
 }): SFUConfig {
-  const [, payloadStr] = sfuConfig.jwt.split(".");
-  const payload = JSON.parse(global.atob(payloadStr)) as SFUJWTPayload;
+  const payload = decodeSFUJWTPayload(sfuConfig.jwt);
  return {
    jwt: sfuConfig.jwt,
    url: sfuConfig.url,
@@ -56,3 +57,9 @@ export function extractFullConfigFromToken(sfuConfig: {
    livekitIdentity: payload.sub,
  };
 }
+
+/** Decodes the payload of an SFU JWT, without verifying its signature. */
+export function decodeSFUJWTPayload(jwt: string): SFUJWTPayload {
+  const [, payloadStr] = jwt.split(".");
+  return JSON.parse(global.atob(payloadStr)) as SFUJWTPayload;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 New Vector Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether two arrays are equal by shallow comparison.
+ */
+export function shallowEquals<A>(first: A[], second: A[]): boolean {
+  if (first.length !== second.length) return false;
+  for (let i = 0; i < first.length; i++)
+    if (first[i] !== second[i]) return false;
+  return true;
+}
@@ -5,7 +5,23 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
 Please see LICENSE in the repository root for full details.
 */

+import { type Transport } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
+
 /** The homeserver a Matrix user id belongs to: everything after the first colon. */
 export function serverNameOf(userId: string): string {
  return userId.replace(/^.*?:/, "");
 }
+
+/**
+ * The homeserver that operates a transport: the one the transport names, else
+ * the one of the member advertising it. A member publishing on another
+ * homeserver's SFU (MSC4195) names that homeserver in `server_name`.
+ */
+export function serverNameOfTransport(
+  transport: Transport,
+  userId: string,
+): string {
+  return typeof transport.server_name === "string"
+    ? transport.server_name
+    : serverNameOf(userId);
+}
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
  opacity: 1;
  transition: opacity 0.15s;
+  text-align: center;
 }

 /* Pseudo-element for the gradient background */
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@
    ". . ."
    "primaryButton title secondaryButton"
    ". . .";
-  place-items: center;
+  place-items: center stretch;
  column-gap: var(--cpd-space-2x);
 }

@@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ exports[`should have a close button when the host can dismiss us 1`] = `
            Call is not supported
          </h1>
          <p>
-            The server is not configured to work with Element Call. Please contact your server admin (Domain: example.com, Error Code: MISSING_MATRIX_RTC_TRANSPORT).
+            The server is not configured to work with Element Call and no other call participant provides a usable transport. Please contact your server admin (Domain: example.com, Error Code: MISSING_MATRIX_RTC_TRANSPORT).
          </p>
          <button
            class="_button_1nw83_8"
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ exports[`should render the error page with link back to home 1`] = `
            Call is not supported
          </h1>
          <p>
-            The server is not configured to work with Element Call. Please contact your server admin (Domain: example.com, Error Code: MISSING_MATRIX_RTC_TRANSPORT).
+            The server is not configured to work with Element Call and no other call participant provides a usable transport. Please contact your server admin (Domain: example.com, Error Code: MISSING_MATRIX_RTC_TRANSPORT).
          </p>
          <button
            class="_button_1nw83_8"
@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ exports[`should report correct error for 'Call is not supported' 1`] = `
            Call is not supported
          </h1>
          <p>
-            The server is not configured to work with Element Call. Please contact your server admin (Domain: example.com, Error Code: MISSING_MATRIX_RTC_TRANSPORT).
+            The server is not configured to work with Element Call and no other call participant provides a usable transport. Please contact your server admin (Domain: example.com, Error Code: MISSING_MATRIX_RTC_TRANSPORT).
          </p>
          <button
            class="_button_1nw83_8"
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@ import {
 } from "@element-hq/matrixrtc-sdk";
 import type * as MatrixRTCSdk from "@element-hq/matrixrtc-sdk";
 import { exampleTransport, mockConfig } from "../utils/test";
-import { GroupCallErrorBoundary } from "../room/GroupCallErrorBoundary";
-import { LeaveToHomeProvider } from "../LeaveToHomeContext";
-import { ElementCallError, ErrorCode } from "../utils/errors";

 // Mock url params hook to avoid environment-dependent snapshot churn.
 vi.mock("../UrlParams", () => ({
@@ -496,38 +493,4 @@ describe("DeveloperSettingsTab", () => {
      );
    });
  });
-  describe("throw test error", () => {
-    it("throws an ElementCallError that the error boundary shows", async () => {
-      const user = userEvent.setup();
-      const client = createMockMatrixClient();
-      const onError = vi.fn();
-
-      render(
-        <LeaveToHomeProvider value={vi.fn()}>
-          <GroupCallErrorBoundary
-            onError={onError}
-            recoveryActionHandler={vi.fn()}
-          >
-            <TooltipProvider>
-              <DeveloperSettingsTab
-                client={client}
-                env={{} as unknown as ImportMetaEnv}
-                vm={outOfCallDeveloperSettingsTabViewModel}
-              />
-            </TooltipProvider>
-          </GroupCallErrorBoundary>
-        </LeaveToHomeProvider>,
-      );
-
-      await user.click(
-        screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Throw test error" }),
-      );
-
-      expect(await screen.findByText("Something went wrong")).toBeVisible();
-      expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
-      const error = onError.mock.calls[0][0] as unknown;
-      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(ElementCallError);
-      expect((error as ElementCallError).code).toBe(ErrorCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR);
-    });
-  });
 });
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import {
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/logger";
 import { type UnstableLivekitTransport } from "matrix-js-sdk/lib/matrixrtc";
 import {
-  Button,
  EditInPlace,
  ErrorMessage,
  Root as Form,
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ import {
 } from "@element-hq/matrixrtc-sdk";
 import { useBehavior } from "../useBehavior";
 import { type ViewModel } from "../state/ViewModel.ts";
-import { type ElementCallError, UnknownCallError } from "../utils/errors.ts";

 /**
 * The state of MatrixRTC's media key rotation.
@@ -191,22 +189,6 @@ export const DeveloperSettingsTab: FC<Props> = ({

  const urlParams = useUrlParams();

-  // An error thrown from a click handler never reaches an error boundary, so
-  // the button only records it and the next render throws it instead.
-  const [errorToThrow, setErrorToThrow] = useState<ElementCallError | null>(
-    null,
-  );
-  const throwTestError = useCallback(
-    () =>
-      setErrorToThrow(
-        new UnknownCallError(
-          new Error("Test error thrown from the developer settings"),
-        ),
-      ),
-    [],
-  );
-  if (errorToThrow !== null) throw errorToThrow;
-
  const MediaQualitySettings: React.FC<{
    id: string;
    header: string;
@@ -535,7 +517,7 @@ export const DeveloperSettingsTab: FC<Props> = ({
                client,
                membership: { userId, deviceId, memberId: "" },
                transport,
-                serverName,
+                serverName: transport.server_name ?? serverName,
                roomId,
                slotId: "org.example.fake-slot#room",
                role: "publisher",
@@ -667,10 +649,6 @@ export const DeveloperSettingsTab: FC<Props> = ({
      <Separator />
      <AudioProcessingSettings />
      <Separator />
-      <Button kind="secondary" destructive onClick={throwTestError}>
-        {t("developer_mode.throw_error_button")}
-      </Button>
-      <Separator />
      <p>{t("developer_mode.environment_variables")}</p>
      <pre className={styles.pre}>{JSON.stringify(env, null, 2)}</pre>
      <p>{t("developer_mode.url_params")}</p>
@@ -635,21 +635,6 @@ exports[`DeveloperSettingsTab > renders and matches snapshot 1`] = `
    data-orientation="horizontal"
    role="separator"
  />
-  <button
-    class="_button_1nw83_8 _destructive_1nw83_110"
-    data-kind="secondary"
-    data-size="lg"
-    role="button"
-    tabindex="0"
-  >
-    Throw test error
-  </button>
-  <div
-    class="_separator_13qwf_8"
-    data-kind="primary"
-    data-orientation="horizontal"
-    role="separator"
-  />
  <p>
    Environment variables
  </p>
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ describe("widget", () => {
      receiveToDevice: sendRecvToDevice,
      turnServers: false,
      rtcTransports: true,
+      rtcLivekitGetToken: true,
+      rtcLivekitDelegateDelayedLeave: true,
      sendDelayedEvents: true,
      updateDelayedEvents: true,
      sendSticky: true,
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ export const initializeWidget = (
          receiveToDevice: sendRecvToDevice,
          turnServers: false,
          rtcTransports: true,
+          rtcLivekitGetToken: true,
+          rtcLivekitDelegateDelayedLeave: true,
          sendDelayedEvents: true,
          updateDelayedEvents: true,
          sendSticky: true,
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Timo	8fae3d2df2	Merge pull request #4395 from element-hq/toger5/backport-publish-npm-component [backport] Publish npm component	2026-10-30 19:33:36 +01:00
Timo	8fefb6246c	Merge pull request #4374 from element-hq/toger5/publish-component-npm Add CI to publish EC component to npm (cherry picked from commit `a91471b5bc`)	2026-10-30 17:06:24 +01:00
Robin	f670aa5f09	Merge pull request #4390 from element-hq/robin/backport-transport-fixes Backport fixes for "Media from one participant is lost after another joins"	2026-10-29 16:14:31 +01:00
Robin	d1792e14e3	Mark the "all possible transport shapes at once" test as slow	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	593144b25a	Don't log that participants are missing when they're not	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	38dba0fe68	For each member, aggregate tracks from all matching participants Rather than whichever participant has won the race.	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	c946b9c78e	Remove hard-coded video tile count from end-to-end tests	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	9b4e7df9be	Share connections for transports that resolve to same auth flow By keying the connections by the transport's resolved auth flow. This is important because connecting to the same SFU twice with the same participant ID will cause a 'duplicate participant ID' error that stops one of the connections.	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	76262d90bf	Always use OpenID auth flow if available This removes the notion of an auth flow fallback for now. We will no longer try the CS API when authenticating with transports that include both a `url` and `livekit_service_url`.	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	008584df0d	Improve names of transport shape end-to-end tests	2026-10-29 15:50:40 +01:00
Robin	ed6a0e1341	Merge pull request #4371 from element-hq/ellipsize-title Ellipsise app bar text on mobile	2026-10-26 13:45:06 +01:00
renovate[bot]andJohannes Marbach	90ccf62d5c	Update ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop Docker digest to c9ffe3e (#4356 ) * Update ghcr.io/element-hq/element-web:develop Docker digest to 79e47d8 * Adapt to new recovery popup button title --------- Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Johannes Marbach <n0-0ne+github@mailbox.org>	2026-10-26 12:44:39 +00:00
Robin	dde07f6d54	Ellipsise app bar text on mobile We already had text-overflow: ellipsis set on the title and subtitle elements of the app bar, but due to an annoying quirk of place-items: center, this had no effect. place-items: center stretch seems to give the text elements the right size constraints.	2026-10-26 13:25:13 +01:00
Robin	9ec0cef9c5	Merge pull request #4370 from element-hq/reintroduce-livekit-alias Reintroduce livekit_alias in published transports	2026-10-26 12:39:14 +01:00
Robin	c248ff4280	Don't add livekit_alias to newer transport format	2026-10-26 11:41:45 +01:00
Robin	0f1d0941d0	Reference matrix-rust-sdk PR making livekit_alias optional, too	2026-10-26 11:17:16 +01:00
Robin	7e6e1698c0	Reintroduce livekit_alias in published transports Some Ruma-based clients still expect it to be present. We should remove it again as soon as https://github.com/ruma/ruma/pull/2642 is widely deployed.	2026-10-26 10:57:49 +01:00
Johannes Marbach	de05b82cfe	Merge pull request #4369 from element-hq/renovate/npm-storybook-vulnerability Update dependency storybook to v10.6.2 [SECURITY]	2026-10-26 10:16:21 +01:00
Johannes Marbach	b0e985c014	Update related storybook dependencies	2026-10-26 09:57:30 +01:00
Johannes Marbach	33368ab8da	Merge pull request #4361 from element-hq/renovate/compound Update dependency @vector-im/compound-design-tokens to v11.3.1	2026-10-26 09:49:54 +01:00
Johannes Marbach	d85a4a1929	Merge pull request #4360 from element-hq/renovate/livekit-client Update dependency livekit-client to v2.23.0	2026-10-26 09:48:08 +01:00
renovate[bot]	a6930c5aa9	Update dependency storybook to v10.6.2 [SECURITY]	2026-10-26 08:31:56 +00:00
Johannes Marbach	e83093feb2	Merge pull request #4365 from element-hq/renovate/npm-vite-vulnerability Update dependency vite to v8.2.4 [SECURITY]	2026-10-26 09:30:23 +01:00
renovate[bot]	c50127ab62	Update dependency vite to v8.2.4 [SECURITY]	2026-10-22 17:44:29 +00:00
renovate[bot]	c3ae1c516b	Update dependency livekit-client to v2.23.0	2026-10-21 14:25:29 +00:00
renovate[bot]	b975dce53e	Update dependency @vector-im/compound-design-tokens to v11.3.1	2026-10-19 01:30:27 +00:00
Johannes Marbach	8be229a438	Merge pull request #4354 from element-hq/toger5/johennes/rtc-remote-publish Fall back to publishing on a remote SFU if possible	2026-10-15 16:27:36 +02:00
Timo K.	ef7dce7b07	Update url-transport.test.ts	2026-10-15 16:10:02 +02:00
Timo K.	2de5ee2df5	Update test to consider EWs support for cs-api	2026-10-15 12:53:37 +02:00
Timo K.	a427206792	Only return null if there is no endpoint available.	2026-10-15 12:42:36 +02:00
Timo K.	1913a099ab	bump EW to inlcude the new widget capabilities	2026-10-15 11:28:45 +02:00
TimoandJohannes Marbach	93b893527e	Update sdk/src/media-backend/livekit/RemotePublishTransport.ts Co-authored-by: Johannes Marbach <n0-0ne+github@mailbox.org>	2026-10-15 09:28:40 +02:00
Timo K.	2b26fd472f	fmt	2026-10-14 19:03:22 +02:00
Timo K.	281fff0e9f	array -> prop\|null in discoverLocalTransport	2026-10-14 19:01:14 +02:00
Johannes Marbach	bc557dfb5d	Revert "Temporarily enable full output to debug the Claude action" This reverts commit `4827ab5fdc`.	2026-10-14 17:55:35 +02:00
Johannes Marbach	4827ab5fdc	Temporarily enable full output to debug the Claude action	2026-10-14 17:50:20 +02:00
Timo K.	7af6525f01	fix lints	2026-10-14 16:44:31 +02:00
Timo K.	3b763d87f2	make the transport discovery lk edgecase a EC exclusive workaround Dont add it to the sdk.	2026-10-14 16:40:27 +02:00
Timo K.andClaude Fable 5.1	8638d4f159	Fall back to publishing on a remote SFU if possible Port of `edf1feae` from johannes/rtc-remote-publish onto the SDK split, where the MatrixRTC logic lives in sdk/ rather than src/state/CallViewModel/. Where the original lands: - getLocalTransport's remote fallback: the LiveKit backend's new findRemotePublishTransport (sdk/src/media-backend/livekit/ RemotePublishTransport.ts), which tries the candidates from the js-sdk's getRemoteLivekitPublishCandidates oldest first and keeps the first whose homeserver issues a token with the publish grant. discoverLocalTransport asks the backend for it after the host's fallback, with a snapshot of the session's memberships from RTCParticipation, and throws MatrixRTCTransportMissingError where that finds nothing too. Transport discovery stays backend neutral: the MSC4195 token check is the backend's. - LocalMember's "no delegation on a remote SFU" and the custom transport's server_name: LivekitBackend.prepareLocalTransport locates the transport on the homeserver it names (serverNameOfTransport) and skips the delegation probe where that is not our own. - SessionBehaviors' membership.getTransportServerName: the same helper in LivekitBackend.mediaFor. - decodeSFUJWTPayload, SFUJWTPayload.video.canPublish and the exported isCsApiUnavailable: sdk/src/media-backend/livekit/auth/. - DeveloperSettingsTab, the widget capabilities, the locale string and the js-sdk pin (9405287c, 44.0.0): applied as is. The error boundary snapshots follow the string. Tests: the LocalTransport cases go to RemotePublishTransport.test.ts and LocalTransport.test.ts, the LocalMember remote case and the SessionBehaviors server-name case to LivekitBackend.test.ts, plus the memberships snapshot in RTCParticipation.test.ts. Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-10-14 16:09:11 +02:00